ARHITEKTURA I

URBANIZAM

2009

YU ISSN 0354-6055

26

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11000 , 73/II, : 011/ 3370-091,
3370-185, faks 3370-203, e-mail: milap@iaus.org.yu, au@iaus.org.yu

22/23
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, 2009.

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/ Belgrade at the riversides.

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Editorial
A commentary is given regarding the awarding of the Ranko
Radovic award, with the introduction of the award winners in
three categories.
The already traditional IAUS award was presented, which was
awarded to the students of urban planning of the Faculties of
Architecture and Geography for the best postgraduate and
undergraduate theses in 2008.
The editorial staff has great pleasure to present you the
monograph The City on Salt Lakes, Calcutta, India from idea to
realization, by the eminent architect-town planner PhD Dobrivoje
Tosovic. In the text about the monograph, whose author is Prof.
Darko Marusic, it says: In the entire written history of architecture
and urban planning, monographs about new cities are rare and
precious because there have not been so many new cities.
Therefore, the situations in which an architect-urban planner gets
a chance to sketch his vision of a new city are rare, and it is even
rarer that he gets to put into effect and realize with high quality
his vision. Such a precious testimony has been arranged in the
form of a monograph that is presented in the chapter New Books.

Mila Pucar

The topic of this issue is sustainable development in tourism and

environmental protection. Tourism is one of the most important
fields of industry, on whose success is based the entire
development of a society. Sustainable tourism can contribute to
the reduction of economic discrepancy of the undeveloped
regions, conservation of natural and cultural values, improvement
of living conditions of the population. The authors have
researched different aspects of the development of tourism, from
spatial, urban and architectural, including modern GIS methods
and internet support of global presentations of tourist
destinations, and the majority of works are devoted to spas.
In the chapter Architecture, architect Snezana Ristic interviewed
the famous Danish urban planner Jan Gehl. The motive was his
stay in Belgrade and the study for the possibilities of organizing
the coastal area of the river Danube. Jan Gehls visit to Belgrade
was organized by the company Belgrade Port within the
activities of creating a study for the transformation of the Danube
coastal zone. Jan Gehl, a professor at the School of Architecture of
the Danish Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Copenhagen, who has
been hired to organize the coastal area from the Dorcol marina up
to Ada Huja, envisages that space as a space that is very well
connected with the surroundings and not just a center for itself.
He is the founder of the consulting house Gehl Architects, which
cultivates the vision of creating better cities. This studio strives to
create healthy, different and safe cities. His vision is a good city is
a city which is organized in accordance with the wishes of its
inhabitants. Only such an architecture that considers human
dimensions is a successful architecture.

A PX

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What is a city by the measure of man? Is it a

city of gardens, or skyscrapers in greenery,
the one that can be walked around, or the
one at the riversides Many ideal
presentations about a city might be counted
and never to cover everything that is needed
for functioning on satisfaction of its inhabitants.
Belgrade always misses a lot of things. While on one side, many
city districts are destroyed by inappropriate construction, it cannot
be said that the architects, urban planners and some investors do
not try to do something useful for Belgrade. Perhaps, the visit by
the famous Danish urban planner Jan Gehl to Belgrade should be
viewed in that light, as well as his study on possibilities for
restructuring of the Danube banks.
I talked to him during one Belgrade morning in February. He was
about to have a presentation in the Belgrade Chamber of Commerce.
Although a lot about him could be found via internet, I kindly asked
him to present himself:
I am an architect, professor now retired. I use my time not to
teach students and write books, but to apply what I have been
studied and learnt about people and towns, in order to help the
cities all over the world to become more human to be humanized.
From Cape Town to Island, from Japan to San Francisco, New Zealand
to North Canada It is interesting that many cities are more and
more interested for their citizens, they care about them, but there is
enormous number of problems in the world that has to be solved.
It could be said that if a lively city is wanted secure, sustainable
and healthy, the best that can be done is to enable people to walk
or ride bicycles. Then the city would not only be more vivid, but
more secure although there will be more people in it, it will be
more sustainable since the traffic will be run by its own energy,
not by oil. It will be healthier, since instead of sitting in front of a
computer for the whole day and then in front of a car driving wheel
and at the end in sofa in front of a TV the exercising element
during the working day is the best health policy of any city.
* , ,
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e-mail: ossa@sezampro.rs

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Belgrade at the riversides

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It seems everything started in Copenhagen in early

70thies with the first oil crisis. But Copenhagen is the
plain, while Belgrade is the upland area its not easy to
ride a bicycle on such terrain.
Yes, we now talk more about bicycles. But, this started in
Copenhagen during 60thies. It was not a question of oil crisis, but
we witnessed the invasion of motor vehicles. With us that started
at the end of 50thies and by the early 60thies many good quality
urban elements were questioned. The squares turned into parking
places and streets were blocked by noisy cars And the protests
started: Hey, what are they doing with our city? We wanted to get
back things that were good. Thats when the introduction of
pedestrian zones started.
Stroget.
Stroget. And then after the oil crisis, it was said: It is silly to
remove bicycles in order to make space for cars, we should do
exactly the opposite we should expel cars to free the space for
bicycles. That was done very successfully, before 40 years.
And its true Denmark is the plain country. And slightly cold over
the whole year, therefore you have to do something to warm
up.And now bicycles are introduced in the cities around the
world: Melbourne and Sydney in Australia and New YorkThe
city fathers of New York have decided to reduce the car traffic for
50% and they now build 6000 miles of bicycle paths. There are no

reasons to drive cars in New York, it is plain, heavy, streets are

wide. What else has to be waited for? They have decided that
New York becomes one of the most pleasant and most green
metropolises in the world in the course of future 10 years. They
work with fantastic speed
And when we talk about the mountains, even in San Francisco
the city I thought that I wont mention bicycles there is a strong
bicycle movement. Some various paths roundabout the
mountains are found, but sometimes it is ridden up the mountain.
It is said that is the reason why they have good legs, and I do not
doubt it. In the majority of cases that is possible. Nowhere is the
weather that bad for such a long time that bicycle cannot be
ridden at least 200 days in a year. Even in Saudi Arabia and on
Greenland. bicycles are ridden.
How to connect you with Daniel Libeskind? You are not of
very similar sensibilities.
Unfortunately I havent met him personally . though I know a
lot of architects. We already worked together on the World Trade
Centre in New York, I on the ground floor, he on the higher floors.
It is important that both of us very much care about the life
quality level in a city and that we closely cooperate with the ones
who care about buildings and about the fact that buildings and a
city have to be in communication. I must say that our two lower
floors are fantastic. Regardless what is it upstairs, ground floors
must be fantastic. I am concerned to have a direct dialogue with
Daniel Libeskind about this theme.
I agree with the majority of famous architects, because they
understand these things well, they are capable of foreseeing the
problems. If the human side or architecture and urbanism are
not taken care of, then spaces become cold and odious, with
spooky winds and no one would go there. That is not a good job,
not a good urban planning.
That means that the two of you in a way educate investors
and majors.
I would say that is so.
You are in Belgrade for the first time?
Unfortunately, this is my first visit. I have been to many places of
the ex- Yugoslavia
In Ljubljana, I have seen the interview with you taken
there
In Ljubljana, Dubrovnik, Piran and other places.
You know about the Piran days of architecture?
Yes, I have participated several times and I have written about
Piran in one of my books dealing with the interesting squares in
the world.

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The square designed by Boris Podreka.

When I saw that photo, I have decided to go there.
It is a pedestrian city, just as you like it.
A nice city. Old.
And Belgrade?
Belgrade
What do you think about it, you only know it virtually?
I know two things about Belgrade. That it is among many other
East European cities which experienced the economic boom
slightly later then we at the West. That you havent had such
repressions like Prague or East BerlinThat you have only
recently experienced the economic boom and the city has been
loaded by cars In any city, in the first wave, every one wants to
have a car which leads to enormous traffic jam. Only then
consideration whether that is quite good for the city starts. This
follows the second wave when clearing up and improvement
starts. You are now at the end of the first wave and we will see
whether your will make something to improve the city in the
following 10 years not only about the cars, but about all city
functions. It is typical for all societies to completely get crazy for
the cars in the first phase, and ones gets an impression that the
basic function of urban planning is to make the cars happy and to
find a place for it. On the streets and on parking grounds. After 30
or 40 years, the question is raised if that is the way to happiness?
No, it is not. A balance must be made. To make a car happy is not
the main subject of a city. The main thing is to make people
happy. Therefore, the best cities in the world are without cars,
people are praised there Such cities will be Lion, Barcelona,
Strasburg, Copenhagen, Portland, Melbourne. We will talk
about them as really beautiful cities.
In early 60thies and 70thies many Belgrade and Yugoslav
architects used to come to Denmark to learn and then
they have thaught the students about Scandinavian
Architecture, Danish also. I was among those students.
Where is Danish architecture today? I very well remember
good experiments with residential neighbors in the
settlements of Albertslund or Farum midpunkt. These
residential settlements are not in Copenhagen, but
somewhere at the outskirt. What happes today with
these experiments?
The question does not make me happy. I think that the Danish
architecture became too international. Many projects have been
done for others. It seems that many values characteristically for
70thies and 80thies have been forgotten in the process. I have begun
to lament on the fact that Danish architects became international
and now it is difficult to see the difference between their projects and
the ones at global level. I think that this is a mistake.
Do you think that Danish architecture is not the leading
one in Europe any longer, as it used to be in the 60thies
and 70thies, or even 80thies?
Ideologically it used to be the leading then, but today it is not in
that sense. Now the Danish architects are like all others. A Dane
today can be Libeskind, someone who would like to be that type
of an architect, or to be someone else who builds in Dubai. Not

only the international Danish architects, but many architects in

the world are prostituting. They do what is asked from them for
money. When you go to the oil countries, Dubai for example, you
can see many things that should never have been built.
You talks as someone who has been formed in the 60thies,
when hippy revolution brought global idea about equality.
With the economic crisis this idea is reconsidered again.
Yes, but we have to slow down the construction, and that happens
always when a man starts to think about a sense and mistakes.
And how to be better. Recession is a time to again reconsider the
architecture and urban planning which is good. The greatest
challenges came with the oil crisis and climate and health
changes. These are the biggest world challenges and all cities and
countries are aware that they have to deal with it and to take
some steps. This helps very much to make sensible the ones who
deal with planning, because human planning has to deal with all
these subjects. Now is the right time for the beginning.
You are glad that things change as you think they should?
Of course. I spent my whole professional era as a missioner, taking
care of people in cities, thinking about people in architecture,
planning, pleading for better care of life. Good architects are
mediators between form and life, and you do not learn about life
in schools of architecture. It is learnt about forms and one should
learn about life and combine these two things.
More and more often that is together now. I can see that energetic,
climate and health challenges are very good encouragements to
understand the life in cities more seriously. The key for solution of
many great problems lies in good and friendly relationship with
people in cities that is the base for sustainability.
When I was a fresh and young architect, just left the school when
I pleaded for modernism and for less is more, I married a
psychologizer. She and her friends often asked me: Why you
architects do not take care of people? And Ive started to be
engaged in people. My wife and I work together for years in the
limiting field between psychology and architecture. That
question: why you do notmade me understand that indeed we
do not engage ourselves enough in people We were not taught
in the schools of architecture to think about welfare of people
we are taught to make good forms.
When you connect these two things you get good
architecture?
Correct.
A very famous English architect Ralph Erskine was asked in a TV
interview, just before his death, what makes a good architecture.
He answered: Oh, thats simple. In order to make a good
architecture, you must love people. Because architecture is not a
free-standing art, it is a frame for human lives. If you do not love
people, you cannot make good architecture.

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11

12

Abstract
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C
ULTURE
OF
COLOUR
IN
THE
CITY

The phenomenon of colour is examined through
.
the evolution of colour and development of culture

:
,

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of colour, which significantly affects the colouristic
.

priorities of people and the colour of the city itself.

The terms functional colour and climate of colour

are also considered, as some of the most important

characteristics of architectural and urban design

practice. The quality of the urban public space is
.

directly predicated by cultural identity, and

, indirectly by appearance of polychromy in urban

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public space. The need to improve the quality of

life in the city represents one of the key motives for .
.

operating in urban space, i.e. commencing the


process of architectural and urban designing.

Historical architectural policrhomy represents the

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basis for appearance of colour in public space. The
,

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complexity of colouristic attributes of the urban

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public space is conditioned by the basic
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characteristics: colouristic priorities, harmony of

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coloured spatial structures and materials in

designing the polychrome ambient in the city. The

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factors that shape the colouristic ambient of the


city are: characteristics of nature and climate,

interrelations of colour and shape, as well as the

,
: experience of the form of the urban public space

, while preserving its identity.

The acquired experiences point to the

.

possibility of redefining the concepts of urban

.
public space in planning and designing

practice. The synthesized knowledge is

:
sublimed through examination of the elasticity

,
of its boundaries in accordance to the

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preservation of the identity of place and the
.

future transformations of the city as well as of

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its
users.
The
new
principles
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formed
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which the transformed model of the urban

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public space as a polychrome ambient is built.
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Key words: colour, public space, policrhomy

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Fig.1.
ia monastery
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Fig.2.
Sopoani monastery / photo
by author

BROJEVI: 711.5(497.11):111.852

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Modern color/Modern
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Ashgate, 2002. p.45.

Fig.3.
Oud, Caf De Unie, Rotterdam,
1925 (poster), reconstructed
1985 / Braham, W.W. Modern
color/Modern architecture,
Amsterdam: Ashgate, 2002. p.45.

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Fig.4.
different ways of marking the
space sculptures:
a) Color Park; b) Parc del Clot; c) Cruet
Park all in Barcelona / de ARCHITECT
10/1989, October pp.54.51.57.

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Herzberger, H. Lessons for students in
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publishers, 1993. p.66.

Fig.5.
Piazza del Campo, Sienna. Public urban space as
a place of meeting, gathering that changes its
function in time of horse race that takes place
in the square and streets of Sienna. The space is
filled with people that, in this case, become
audience while the square becomes a kind of
arena. / Herzberger, H. Lessons for students in
architecture. Rotterdam: Uitgeverij 010
publishers, 1993. p.66.





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(: , 2000), .225.
, , ( : , 1988).
Charles Jencks, Late - Modern Architeture, (London: Academy Editions, 1980), .6, 7, 20, 21
, .17.
William W. Braham, Modern Color / Modern Architecture, (England: ASHAGATE, 2002), .23.:
From the start the production of De Stijl depended greatly on reproduction. The illustration in
De Stijl circulated De Stijl njorks in Holland abroad during the First World War, and the impact of
De Stijl in Paris immediatley after the War njas also largely through reproductions in the
magazine. Buildings through reconstruction of lost works such as J. J. P. Ouds bombed Cafe
de Unie. Characteristics of this cafe are obviously screaming De Stijl with the blocks of primary
colors in a grid format. J. J. P. Oud cleverly uses the windows as an element of the grid system,
incorporating the yellow blocks within the windows assures that the viewer will not miss it.
This also creates depth even though it is obviously a three dimensional building. Even thought
the design is only on one side, the viewer probably has the urge to walk around to see if it is as
interesting as the front is. Here white lettering is used so that balance is achieved with the large
whit block and also emphasizes the smaller blocks of color. Simplicity is what makes this
building so eye catching.
, .124.
, , (: , 1974), .5.:

. ,
,
.
Ch. Norberg - Schulz, , , , . (:
, 1990), . 23, 26, 30.: , :
( ), ( ,
), ( ),
( ) ( ) .
. Schulz. 1999, . 26.

.
,
, .
: ( , , , , )
( ).
, , , .
,
, ( ),
() (). ,
, , .
(, , ,
).
.
Schulz, 1990. .67.
,
( )
. , . . , (:
, 1988), .183.
.
. ,
. ( ) ,
, . ,
, (: , 1978), .59.
. . ,
,
.
, , (: , 2000), :
.

, : .
, : .
.
, ,
.
. , , ,
. , .183.
, . 60-12.: .
,
.


, : .
, , (:, 2005), :
- -
, , (: CLIO, 2004), :
, , .

, ,(: , 1983), :
,
. Giro, .26.
.
.
. , significatum
, .362.
,

, ,
,
. , .942.
F. Ching , Architecture, Form, Space and Order, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996.:
,
. ,
,
.
,
, ,
,
, .
, .208.
Schulz, 1999. .48.: ,
. Schulz, 1990, .48.
C. Mueller, , (: , 1972). .123.:
: , , ,
, , ;
- . ,
, , .
, .91.
ibid. .123.
Milo Perovi, Istorija Moderne Arhitekture, Kristalizacija Modernizma, (Beograd:
Arhitektonski fakultet, 2000), .233.
Mueller, .112.
ibid. .129.
Efimov, .136, ibid. .156., ibid. .158., ibid. .121., ibid. .121.

: + + + + + = 100.

- .
, , (: , 1988), .67.:

,
() .
, .67.
( 164003)

, . . :
, 1986.
, . . : , 1959.
Braham, W.W. Modern color/Modern architecture. Amsterdam: Ashgate, 2002.
Itten, J. . : , 1973.
Linton, H. Color in architecture, London :McGraw-Hill Edition-Europe, 2003.
Mollon, J. D. The Origins of Modern Color Science. Cambridge: Department of Experimental
Psychology, University of Cambridge, UK, 2003.
Riley, C. Color codes. University Press of New England, 2001.
Swirnoff, L. Color of cities. McGraw-Hill Edition-Europe, 2002.
Toy, M. Architectural design: Color in arhitecture. London: Academy Group ltd., 1996.

Progettazione Architettonica e Urban: Per una ricomposizione architettonica del paesaggio urbano. Costituzione diagrammatica dellunit
urbana di prefigurazione conforme _LUPC;
2

1

* , . .
: Giorgio Momi

23
72.012 ; 72.071.1 - . ;
72.071.1 .

Abstract:

.
Article describes part of work of Serbians architects

Stevan Tesic and Milena Velkovic Tesic. The works have :

been designed and made in Intaly from 2000 to 2008
-
and have been dedicated to dwellings houses. Following

. LUPC.1
up developmental creativy line, we can observe basic
2000-2008,
characteristics and particularity: urban sense, attitude
.
to culturals and historicals heritage and subject matter DI_

aRCHON ass_
of works which is narrowly.

Key words: dwellings houses, villa, Brescia, rhythm,


geometry, ambient, context.

, ,
,

, . -
,
.
.
: , , ,

, , , .


-
DI_aRCHON ass_ 2002.
. ()

-.
,

. .
xx ,

.
,2 .
,


.
.
-
,
-

. ,
(


gesamtkunstwerk
),
( ),
. 1997. 2000.
, , .



,
. 2006,
.

ARCHITECTURE OF PURE GEOMETRY

Dwellings houses of architects Stevan i Milena
Tesic

 - - -

.
. , /

,
,
. ,
.

:


.
a,

.
- -



,

.3 -

, . ,
, .

, ,
,


.

/
(.. )



.


.
,
.


.

,
, ,
.

PETRAIA,

: 1.200 2
:
-
:
-
/: 2000/2005

24

.


-
-.
.
,
.
,


: .
-
.
:

.

: 7002
: XX
1920-
1950-1970
:
-
/: 2001/2003
,
,


.

4

.



.


. . , ,
,

, .4

(Bucci, F. (2005),
Casa Plurifamiliare - Villa Badia, Larchitettura - cronache e storia 593, str. 167)

BADIA,

25

 IS - T,
: 700 2
: XX
1920-1940.
:
-
/: 2008/

. , ,
,

-
XX .5
,
, .

,
.
.

CD - Coll: ----,

26

: ;
350 m2
:

.6
.
:
-
: 2007-2008




. , ,
- : -
.
,
, , .
,
.

5
6


(----).

,
, ,
, .

, :
- . , , . (1998.), Raumplan
, :
, ,
. , 5, .43-55.
, , , . . . (2001.),
. , 8, .
, 60-71.
, . (1997.), ,

4, . 37.
, . - (2002), .,
. : 1830-2000, , .
, , , Grupa autora (1996), The Manifest of the city of high objectness
, (Manifest grada visoke predmentnosti), Akcelerator - Random
, magazin 3.
, Grupa autora (1995), Un Ponte qui e altrove (Jedan most, ovde i
bilo gde), Abitare 414.
Grupa autora (2000), Nuove generazioni - linee di tendenza
.

Arhitektura (Nove generacije - razvoj tendencija), Architettura,

Ricerca, Composizione (ARC) 6.
Grupa autora (2001), Luoghi di interferenza (Preklapajua mesta),
Rassegna di Architettura e Urbanistica (Pregled arhitekture i
urbanizma), Roma, Universit degli Studi di Roma-La Sapienza.
Bucci, F.
005), Casa lurifamiliare - Villa Badia, Larchitettura - cronache e
storia 593, str. 167.

, -

,
.7

.

27

 *, **, *

M

INTERNET SUPPORT FOR TOURISM DESTINATIONS
GLOBAL PRESENTATION

16007
,

?



,
78 130
2008.
2007.
91. 131 .
2008.

,
(34.), (36.)
(59.),
(83.) (105.)


.



,

(Blanke, Chiesa, 2008.).
91. 78.


.
1 2006. ,
2018.2 2008. .
* ,
73/II, +381.11.32.25.254, +381.11.33.70.193, -mail:
dbazik@gmail.com, ljpetrusevski@sbb.com
** ,
73/II, tel. +381.11.33.70.091,fax +381.11.33.70.203,
-mail: omiljena@iaus.org.yu
1
http://www.merr.sr.gov.yu/dokumenti/?lang=lat
2
http://www.beograd.org.yu/cms/view.php?id=210

, 2006.
,


.



.

,
,
.
2004. ,
2006. ,






. Web 2.0

-
.

online ,
, , ,
, ,
.

Web 2.0
,

.
: , network society/
, 2.0,

29
004.738.5:338.487(497.11) ; 728.5(497.11)

Abstract
The second report of Serbian Tourism Development
Strategy, adopted in 2006, contents Competitiveness
Plan which purpose was to create a road-map four
tourism development as a strategic economic sector.
The development of tourism information system was
considered as one of the road-map elements with great
priority and significance. The Internet was mentioned
as very important tourist information source where
consumers could find actual tourism agency offer.
New tourism supply possibilities started since 2004 and
increased more intensively since 2006 by development
of open source software applications that are open for
consumers upgrading and global level presentations
creating. Web 2.0 concept represents revolutionary
invention of information-communication technology.
It became possible, through Web 2.0 growing usability,
to create a great number of professional networks and
social online communities that integrate global
friendship, the exchange of information, knowledge,
experience and impressions, without mediating of
institutions, agencies, business and associations.
The focal point of this paper is the research of the Web
2.0 concept potential for Internet support in domain of
Serbian tourism development. The main paper purpose
is to recognize new concept for its implementation in
the regular flows of global tourism competitiveness, in
time.
Key words: Internet support, network society, tourism
2.0, competitivenes

 ,
30

,

.

,
-
().


,
.
,
.

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,
, ,

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.
.
// ,
-

. , ,
(, 2008).

.

. ,
,

.


.

,
.

,

2008.
,


. -
(Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index)

.
:
. ( ,
, ,
,
);
. (
-, ,

,
() ,
);
. , (
, ,
, ).


-
.
,
, 28.

(4.), (8.)
(19.). ,
. 57.
,
(97.),
(40.)
(81.).
124. (Blanke, Chiesa, 2008).

,

,
.

-
(Statistical Office of the European Communities)
(Panorama on Tourism) 2008. .
2000 2006
, .
: ,
, ,
,
.
:

,
, , , ,

,
,

(Eurostat, 2008). , ,

 2.0
,

,
.
, ,

,
.

:
,
,
, ,
, .

,
.

,
.

(, , ...), ,

. (31.12.2008.)
, 23,5%

3. 390 , . 48,5%
.
2008. , 33,2%
,
35,6%4.
,
Web 2.0

,

.
,

.
,
,
,
, , .
(, ,
, 2006).
, ,
2.0
.
2.0 Web 2.0
OReilly : 2.0


..


, ,
(William, Perez,
2008). 2.0
0.0 1.0
(. 1 - :
William, Perez, 2008).

http://www.beograd.org.yu/cms/view.php?id=210
http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/axd/index.php

3
4

Web 2.0 ,

,
.
,

(2006.),
.
,
,

.
() 2008.
, 12
, I
, II
.
. 2008.
,
33%,

300.000 .

,

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,
;


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.

31

. 1

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0.0

1.0

2.0

()

()

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/ ( /
)

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(
)

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,

, /
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: , ,
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TripAdvisor Where Are You Now?
-,


. TripAdvisor

.
, ,


. 2009. 39%
; 73%
, 83%
.
, , / ,

5.
,
online
.
Web 2.0 : Wikipedia/
; Flickr/
; YouTube/ ; yspace
Facebook/ .
; Google
Earth/


.

Web 2.0
,
,

.


.
.
,
.


, , , ,
, ,
, , , .

, ()

.

2.0 .
, Web 2.0
.


.

Google Earth
. Google Earth

,
(. 1)
5

http://cancun-hotels.tripadvisor.com/ShowTopic-g150807-i8-k2326782TripAdvisor_Releases_Travel_Trends_for_2009-Cancun_Yucatan_Peninsula.
html

. 1
Google Earth -

Pic. 1
Google Earth - photography visualization

. 2
Google Earth -

Pic. 2
Google Earth - video visualization

(. 2), 3 , Wikipedia , ,
.
Google Earth
.
,

, .
.
Google Earth ,
Flickr/ YouTube/ ,

,
. 34
.

Web 2.0
20
Google Earth (. 2).
0.
2009. .

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Google Earth
Panoramio
popular

Google Earth
- YouTube

Google Earth
-YouTube max

Flickr/

YouTube

343
230
130
127
90
77
70
52
47
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36
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 Google Earth
54,
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Bad Blumau ,
Hundertwasser
, 56.
YouTube ,
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.
TripAdvisor

.
,
Google Earth
, . 3
Google Earth -
, (127-343) Pic. 3
. , Google Earth - users photography


Google Earth- (. 3).
,

.
e
.


.
Facebook-a ,
30 , .
30 . Facebook
120. ,
Facebook 1755 ( ),
660 000 ,
180 , Facebook 140 .
. .
, /
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321, 78 .
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34

http://www.facebook.com/press/info.php?statistics

, .
.

.

, ,
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(, 2008).


(, , , ,
, ,
). -

. , , ,

. ,
.
,
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. Google
Earth Google Maps
,
.
3 Google Sketchup 3D cities programme
3
(Bazik, 2008b). 3
,
,
.
,
Facebook ,

.

.
,

Web 2.0
. . (2008): : _
_.
. ,
Bazik D. (2008b): City Informatics Infrastructure, Thematic
International Scientific Conference Sustainable Spatial
. Development f Towns nd Cities, Institute f Architecture nd
Urban & Spatial Planning f Serbia, Belgrade
. , , . (2006):
, , ,
, 18/19,
, , 80-87.
.
Blanke J. Chiesa T. ed. (2008), The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness
Report 2008 Geneva, World Economic Forum, www.weforum.org
Brkovi-Baji M. (2008) Digital realm: Implications on urban
development and planning, Spatium, No 17-18, Institute f
Architecture nd Urban & Spatial Planning f Serbia, Belgrade,
pp 13-20.
Devetakovic, M. (2004):Civic Network of the Srem District
Overcoming or Indicating the Digital Divide?, CORP International
Conference on Urban Planning, Regional Development and
Information Society, Wien
. (2006):
() ,
, 18/19,
, , 97-103.
Eurostat (2008), Panorama on Tourism, Luxemburg, Office for
Official Publications of the European Communities, website
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat
William E., Perez M. E. (2008), Tourism 2.0 -The social Web as a
platform to develop a knowledge-based ecosystem, http://
eduwilliam.com/mipdf/Tourism%202.0%20_UK_.pdf

35

 *, **, ***

ARCHITECTURE OF VILLAS AS AN ELEMENT OF

IDENTITY OF VRNJACKA BANJA

: 725.751(497.11):728.84

36

Abstract

The
architecture
of
villas
stands
out
as
one
of
the
Aa
,
recognizable characteristics of Vrnjacka Banjas physical

,
structure
and
as
a
distinctive
type
of
objects
forming

XIX
the tourist offer. Analyses of position, function and

.
importance of villa architecture in shaping the identity

,
of Vrnjacka Banja are based on the conviction that
.
,
organized space and built environment, as a result of

:
design and planning processes, have decisive role in


forming
the
identity
of
places
and
making
them

,
recognizable. In this paper, architectural elements that
,
.
characterize
this
type
of
objects
are
being
analyzed.


Also, the role that singled out elements have at higher
,
,
, urban levels, firstly in creating characteristic,

recognizable architectural and urban ensembles, and


. consequently in identity forming, is pointed out. These

issues are considered in terms of tourism development, .
as a precondition for making recognizable city with


possibilities for branding, that consequently improve

XX ,
the exploiting of the tourist potentials.
.

Key words: architecture, villa, identity, tourism

,
,


.
,

- ,
,
,

.
.
,

,
.
.

: , , ,
,

.
,
1
16007
, .
,

.
* , ..., , ,
e-adresa: igor@iaus.org.yu
** , ..., , ,
-: anab@iaus.org.yu
*** , ..., , ,

 ,


.
,
.
, , ,
,
2,

. , ,
.
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
XIX ,
, , ,
, ,
.
, .
, ,
XX . -
-
3,

(, , ,
.).

- (, 2000.).

.

,
: , , ,
, .
,
(, 1997.).
,
,
.

,
, , .
2

, , ,
.
;
;
;
;

,
( , 2001.).
, 1868.
, -
-
.
, ,
( 5 15 )
.
XX , () ;
,

XIX . ,
1904.
,
.
,
,
,
,
, ,
.

,
,
.
(
),
,
( . 2009.).

, ,
,
,
2005-2021.
(.
28/83), 103 49
-
(. 47/87).
,

(. 26/97),
1, (.1).

,
(.2 2). ,
,
( XIX ;
),
,

37

.1.

.
Fig. 1.
Spatial distribution of villas under protection in
the center of Vrnjacka Banja.

38

. 2.
. ( , 2003.)
Fig. 2a.
Belimarkovi castle, before the reconstruction.

. 2.
.
Fig. 2b.
Belimarkovi castle today.

.
, , .
84
. , ,
, ,
( 1 2).
39 49 , , .

1.

,
Table 1.
Classification of the spa villas according to the
position on the lot, use, and size.

( )

.
, ,
: ,
.

 , ,
.
,
, (.4-12).

,
, ,
.
,
, , ,
.

, .
,

(.4).
,

.3.
.
Fig. 3.
Villa Tarabo

. 4.
.
Fig.4.
Villa Ohrid.

.5.
.
Fig.5.
Villa Lozani.

. 6.
.
Fig.6a.
Villa Gorica today.

. 6.
.
(- , 2003.)
Fig.6.
Villa Gorica original appearance.
4

. ,
(.
., 2009.).
,
.

,
,
(
).
, ,
,
.
4,
,
.
, .

(
),

(.3).
, ,

39

 ,
, ,
(.5). , ,
, ,

(.6).
, ,
(.6).
(.7).
(.8).

. 7.
.
Fig. 7.
Villa Gavri.

40

.8.
.
(-
, 2003.)
Fig. 8.
Villa of dr Radak.

. 9.
.
Fig. 9.
Villa Kula
(Tower)

. 10.
.
Fig. 10.
Villa Ebert.

.11.

.
Fig. 11.
Villa
Miovi.

. 12.
.
Fig. 12.
Villa Snenik

,
/ , .
.
, ,
( , ),
, .
() (.13). , ,
, ,
( ),
(. 14).
(.15) (.16) , , ,
,
,
.

 13.
.
Fig. 13.
Villa Ljilja.

. 14.
.
Fig.14.
Villa iri.

. 15.
.
Fig. 15.
Villa Miloradovi.

1, 2, 1, 2

()

1, 1

2.

.
Table 2.
Classification of the spa villas according
to the main stylistic features.

, XX , ,
, .
(.17 18),
, . ,
, , .
2005-2021.,
,
. ( 3)
, ( .,
2009.) (.19).
.17.
.
Fig. 17.
Villa from the post-war period.

. 18.
.
Fig. 18.
Villas the latest examples.

.16.
.
Fig.6.
Villa Vetka

41

0,8-1

50%

+1+ +2

7502

400/8002

15/17

42

,
.
/ .
, , . ,
, ,
,
,
. ,
, , , .
(Bundesministerium fr
Wirschaft und Arbeit, 2007.) ,

. , ,
(Medina Lasansky and McLaren, 2004., .3).
,
, ,
(, 2007.) ,
. ,
XX ,

(Pui, 2004., .1). , ,
,


.
,
.

3.

20052021. .
Table 3.
Urbanistic parameters for villas and pansions
according to the Master plan of Vrnjacka Banja
2005-2021.

. 19.
( ,
, 2008.).
Fig. 19.
Villa design (authors Mari,
Mani and Bogdanov, 2008.)

 ,
,
.
.
, XX ,
.
,

(.1), (.20).


(-, 1999.).

.
, ,
, .
( ) , ,
, .
(
, ),
,

.
, ,
, ,

.
,

, , , ,
(.21). ,
,

(, 2007.).
,

( ., 2005.)
.

. 20.
,
.
Fig.20.
Area for villas and pansions, according to
Vrnjacka Banja Master plan.

43

. 21.
1925.
. (-
, 2003.)
Fig.21.
Postcard from 1925. Vrnjaka Banja
under snow.

44

(Lisbon Agenda),
,

,

(Architects Council of Europe, 2004.),

; ,
,
.
.



.
, ,
,
.
,

,
.
.

, ,

.
2005-2021.
,

, ,
.
.

, ,

,
.

,
.
, ,
,

,
.

, . (2000.), (1920-1941),
,
-, . . (2003.),
, , ,
-
2005-2021.,
12/05 ( ,
. )
(2004.),

,
, . (2007.), ,
20/21, .61-72.
, . (2007.), 19041941, ,
, . . . (2001.),
, 8, . 60-71.
, . (1997.), ,
4, . 37.
, ., . . (2009.),
,
,
, ,
, .77-92.
, ., . . (2005.),
, 16/17,
.21-30.
-, . (1999.), ,
, ,
Architects Council of Europe (2004.), Architecture & Quality of Life,
Brussels
Bundesministerium fr Wirschaft und Arbeit (2007.), Architecture
in Tourism. Analysis of interaction between architecture and
tourism, http://www.bmwa.gv.at (13.01.2009.)
Medina Lasansky, D. and B. McLaren (ed.) (2004.), Architecture
and Tourism: Perception, Performance and Place, Oxford, Berg
Publishers
Pui, Lj. (2004.), Sustainable Development and Urban Identity: A
Social Context, Spatium 11, pp.1-6.
1. 20.,
, .

 , , *

Architectural Interpretations of Spatial

45
: 519.713 ; 725.751.013:519.713

The concept of cellular automata (CA) has been challenging


various disciplines for many decades. In this study the concept
.

has been examined in the process of spatial form generation.
,

After providing the mathematical and logical explanations of

CA and self-replicating systems in general, the paper

. references relevant previous studies of CA use in generation
2004. .
of spatial form. It also presents the original CA module of the


software Fun3D that has been developed at the University of

-
Belgrade, with aim to support generic processes in creation of
,
16007,
architectural form.

The authors suggest a series of steps, directed towards a
,
methodology of architectural interpretation of a generated


, spatial form. The steps include, but are not limited to:
,
interpretation of cell state (live-dead; solid-void, opaque
2008-2010.
transparent, active-inactive, etc.), signification of the cell
. ,
itself (single unit, block of units, structural element, functional
:
element), interpretation of a rule, interpretation of the CA

, ,
dimension (1D line/surface; 2D surface/structure), and

,
finally interpretation of a spatial form as a whole.
,
,
The central point of the presented study is an experiment
Fun3D realized with the group of architecture students, required to
;

consider a specific balnear context in creating their original,
CA based spatial forms. The proposed contextualization allows
.
more specific interpretations that could be systematized and
,

transposed from an academic experiment, to a professional

application in architectural and urban design.

This study is part of a wider research activity titled Generic
,
Explorations (Generika istraivanja), conducted within the


Faculty of Architecture, University of Belgrade, since 2004. It
.
[Terzidis,
is realized within the Technological project 16007 titled
:
Balneal Tourism (Banjski turizam), financed by the Serbian 2006]
Ministry of Science from 2008-2010.

( , , Key words: Cellular automata; Spatial; Balneal architecture; .
interpretation; contextualization;
,
,
...),

( , ,
, [Krawczyk, 2002],
, ...),
, , ,
,
.
(1D /, 2D
-
/)
,
.
[Coates

et all, 1996].
,



. ,
,
, .
.

* . ,
,
,

Form Based on Cellular Automata

with application in balneal contexts

 40 ,
2008/2009. .

.

,

.
,
.

. ,
.
.

( )
.
. .
, .
, [Frame et all, 2009].
.
1 1D

r = 0,1, 2 , (N)
. r = 0 ,
, .
2 Neumann- 2D (von
Neumann Neighborhood) r:

N (rx0 , y0 ) = {(x, y ), x x0 + y y 0 r} .
2D Moore Neighborhood
r:

N (rx0 , y0 ) = {(x, y ), x x0 r , y y 0 r}
3 .

46

.2.
Neumann
Neighborhood

.3.
Moore
Neighborhood

.1.

Fig. 1
Relevant cell neighborhoods


.
1D [Wolfram, 2002].
(, )
(, ) , , 1 () 0 ()
( 4).

.4.

N=3
Fig. 1
Possible patterns of a 3 cell
neighborhood

( N = 3 ) 2 3 = 8
1 0 ( 4 5).
8
2 = 256 .
N

. 5.
30
Fig. 5
Rule 30

( 30)
6.
.
.6.


30
Fig. 6
Evolution of an elementary
CA Rule 30

2 N , 22 .
4 5
. 5
30 00011110
.

47

 Game of Life
(2D)
.
, (Game of Life)
John Horton Conway 1970 .
,
7. .
:


:


:

,
.7.
Game of Life
Fig. 7
Game of life rules

3D
1D .
,
3D ( 8)
.
, , 2D
3D . ,
, 3D 2D
( 9).

48

.8.
3D
103
Fig. 8
A 3D view of an elementary CA Rule 103

. 9.
3D
13
Fig. 9
A 3D view of a 2D totalistic CA evolution Rule 13)

 3D ,
Game of Life 10.
:


:


: :

,

.10.
Game of Life 3D

Fig. 10
Game of life a 3D
view of the rule

(universe)
(lattice)
(boundary)
(cell)
(ground)
(initial configuration)
(neighborhood)

11.
,
[Krawczyk, 2002]
Fig. 11
Elements of a CA system, according to
[Krawczyk, 2002]

1 ( 11) . :

49

Krawczyk, R. J.: Architectural Interpretation of Cel-

lular Automata, Generative Art Conference, Milano,

2002, http://www.iit.edu/~krawczyk/rjkga02.pdf
( 2009.)

 , ,
Game of Life,
,
()
(),
.

,
.
20 .
Fun3D ( . ).
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,
:


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. 1D
.
1D

,
( 12, ), ( 12,
), ( 12, ).

50

, ,
,
,
, .
1D
.2
2
1D , [Frame
et all, 2009],

.12.
1D
Fig. 12
Binary 1D (linear) CA


Fun3D ( Function 3D)3 ,
CAD ,
.
( 12), ,

. :

,
.
:

(
)


Fun3D,

3D .dxf
CAD .

.13.
Fun3D -

Fig. 13
Fun3D a module supporting the CA
generation

.
:

,
.
, ,
, .

(
), , .
.14.



Fig. 14
Spatial forms based on CA with a
cubic cell
3

Fun3D, . ,
http://code.google.com/p/fun3d/ (
2009.). CC
(Creative Commons) ,
,

( ,
).

51

 ,

.

.

. 15.



Fig. 15
Spatial forms based on CA with a
modified cell

,
.
,
.
/,
()/ (), /, /, ()/
(), .
,
( 16).

52

.
.
,
( 17).
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( 17, ), .

.16.



Fig. 16
Spatial compositions based on CA
combinations


, :






(, ,
...)

,
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.17.

Fig. 17
Contextualization of the CA
based spatial forms

, , 120
.
.
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53

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54

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Fun3D,
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,
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.

, .; , .; , .:

,
, . 20-21, 2007., . 51-60
Coates, P.; Healy, N.; Lamb, C.; Voon, W.L.: The use of Cellular
Automata to explore bottom up architectonic rules,
Eurographics UK Chapter 14th Annual Conference, Imperial
College London UK, 1996 (http://uelceca.net/research/other/
eurographics1996.pdf ( 2009.)
Krawczyk, R. J.: Architectural Interpretation of Cellular
Automata, Generative Art Conference, Milano, 2002, http://
www.iit.edu/~krawczyk/rjkga02.pdf ( 2009.)
Maeng, D., & Nedovi-Budi, Z.; Urban form and planning in the
information age: Lessons from literature. Spatium, (17-18),
1-12., 2008
Meinberg, F.: A New Kind of Building, Wolfram Blog, 2007;
http://blog.wolfram.com/2007/07/ ( 2009.)
Terzidis, K.: Algorithmic Architecture, Architectural Press,
2006
Wolfram, S.: A New Kind of Science, Wolfram Media Press,
Champaign, 2002

Frame, M.; Mandelbrot, B.; Neger, N.: Fractal geometry:
Cellular Automata and Fractal Evolution, Yale University,
2009, http://classes.yale.edu/fractals/ ( ,
2009.)
, .: Fun3D software, 2008 - http://code.google.
com/p/fun3d/ ( 2009.)

( ),
( 180,
), ( 90)
.


.

(, , .).

,
() , ,

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.


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,
180,
x y,
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90 x y,
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,
.

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.

55

16007
,

 *, **, ***

GIS IN DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN PLAN -

EXAMPLE OF Vrnjaka Banja

: 711.555(497.11) ; 007:71

56

Abstract

This paper illustrate expiriences of GIS based

spatial geodatabase design, realization and

,
()
development for implementation and monitoring

of urban plans. As key study authors used Urban

Plan of Vrnjaka Banja created in year 2005. Plan

.
was originaly created using CAD technology, and it

was necessarily to addopt it and convert to -
.
-
standard GIS file formats. Authors explaining


methodological framework for creating and
2005. .

managing geospatial database as support for

implementation and update of urban plans, and
CAD ,

.
their presentation on Intra- and Internet.


Keywords: GIS, urban plans, implementation,

monitoring, Vrnjaka Banja
.




.

,
,
()
inter- intranet-.
, ,
: , ,
/ ,
, ,
(Burrough, P.A.; McDonnell, R.A., 2006). /

/
(geodatabase),
()

().


CAD

( ESRI
ArcGIS 9.3 ).

16007

,

CAD

, ,
;
** , -,
;
*** , , ,

 A
,
(1147 ),
( 819 , 853
), (2017 ), (1785 ) (1376
). 239 km2,
14 26492 , 2002.
( 2005-2021, 2005.).
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57

. 1.

Fig. 1.
Community of Vrnjaka banja
and Urban Plan Area

 ,
58

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.



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. 3.

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Fig. 3.
Layers of file Map 3- Detailed
Land Use

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60

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( ) ( , 1986.).

. 4.
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Fig. 4.
Transversal cylindrical projection

. 5.


Fig. 5.
Mapped zones of Serbia

 (
)
1:5000, 1:5000 (
1:2500)
1:5000
.
*.tif .

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Adobe-).
, (Mac, Windows,
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*.tfw
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;
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;
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() .
*.tfw :
VII : ;
VIII : .

*.tab (MapInfo table structure file)

MapInfo-. ASCII
.

, (. 7):
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*.tab
Fig. 7.
Illustration of *.tab file

I : x, y -
;
II : x, y -
;
III : x, y -
;
IV : x, y -
;
V : (
, ,
, x, y .);
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7 500 000m

61

. 8.

*.ecw
Fig. 8.
Illustration of orthophoto

*.ecw (Enhanced Compression Wavelet) ER Mapping- (Earth

Resource Mapping).
2-5%
- .

128x128 .
,
*.tfw ( *.tab ), ,
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*.tab *.tfw GTT,
North Point GIS Consaltig- (. 9). ,
,
(*.tfw, *.tab *.geotiff).

. 9.

GTT (www.npqc.pl)
Fig. 9.
The appearance of working
environment in the application
GTT (www.npqc.pl)

62

CAD ( *.dwg )
(*.shp) . , ,
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export , *.shp
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65

 *, **, ***

* , , ,
** , , ,
*** , , -,

Summary
Large mining systems evolve within large cities, along some axis
of development or in the zones where certain natural resources
exist as well as raw materials as a basis for production. From the
aspect of the even regional developmental policy, more
significant are those productive systems which are located
outside the zones of high urban concentration. A relatively large
capital investment following up construction and development
of these systems allow that a part of the financial resources can
be used for the communal and infrastructural systems of
settlements, development of services, population employment,
that improve the living standard both in urban settlements and
rural surroundings.
Beside some positive effects, the development of these mining
systems, particularly those ones as the mines, electric power
plans and basic chemistry, during their exploitation and raw
material processing - create a number of conflicts with
surroundings (spatial, ecological, social, etc.). Spatial planning
within such conditions has a very important role in the
identification and relativization of the above mentioned
conflicts, reconcellation of opponents interests in the use of
space and reduction of other negative influences of large
productive systems on surroundings.
Large scale exploitation of mineral resources, based on the use
of heavy mechanization for surface mining has as a
consequences numerous structural changes in the immediate
surroundings, such as use of land /agricultural/ disbalance of
ecosystems, the changes in water resources systems, relocation/
resettlement and changes of socio - economic population
structure, relocation of traffic networks and other infrastructural
objects/networks, industrial premises etc. Management of these
changes requires operationalization of a specific developmental
planning system, revitalization and territorial organization in
the large mining basins, in fact in the areas under the impacts of
large scale exploitation of mineral resources. Revitalization and
territorial organization is in fact the final phase in the research
and developmental planning process related to areas of surface
mining of mineral resources. The large scale, intensity and the
territorial dispersal of land and space degradation requires a
relevant planned intervention for the revitalization and

16008 ,

,

67
: 711.554:622

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territorial organization. That is a complex process which has a

several aspects such as: recultivation of degraded soil/land, the
regulation of hydrological systems, landscape planning,
construction of traffic networks and other technical
infrastructures, construction and arrangement of settlements
etc. Revitalization and arrangements of the areas of large scale
exploitation of mineral resources is a dynamic process, otherwise
dictated by dynamics of surface mining itself.
Key words: large mining basins; regional development; conflicts;
environmental protection; communal and infrastructural system,
revitalization, spatial development

68

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: RWE Power Abt.PBF-M 15.5.2007

. 1



Fig. 1
Examples of productive
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69

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Fig. 2
Maps from Spatial plan of the
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2020

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. 4


Fig. 4
Dynamics of land-use changing in the central part of
Kolubara basin
: , 2008.

75

 Knigshoven

Izvor: Umsiedlungen im reheinischen

Braunkohlenrevier, 1984.

76

: , I, ,
1981. 3.
, , ,
:
, : ,
1986. 707.
:
,
-- ,
, / 1981/83/.
Joachim Bekuhrs. Buhl: Land fur die Braunkohle - Landschaftsgestaltung for die
Burger, BRAUNKOHLE 37 /1985/. Haft 9. Strana 369-370.
: ,
/ /.

, III. 31, /
1983.
Albrecht Krummsdorf. Rostock: Erfahrungen der Wiedernutzbarmachung
devastierter Boden zur Gestaltung von Bergbaufolgelandschaften in der DDR.
NEUE BERGBAUTECHNIK 14 /1984/ Heft 6. Strana 218.
: ,
, , - 19/1988,
166.
, :
.

II. 119-121, / 1983.
Hans Schruder, Borken: Aufschluss, Entwicklung und Rekultivierung des
Braunkohlentagebaus Altenburg 4 der Preussischen Elektrizitats - AG. Abt.
Borken BRAUNKOHLE: Heft 7. 1982. Strana 215-218.
Ralf Hempel. Elsdorf: Landschaftgestaltung und Oberflachenentwasserung der
Sophienhohe, Ausenkippe des Braunkohlentagebaues Hambach, BRAUNKOHLE

.5


Fig. 5
Examples of space organisation and
recultivation in Germany and Serbia

35 /1983/. Heft 11. Strana 337-342.

:
, , , 1983.
, ., , ., , ., , .:
, , , , 1983.
, : , :

- , , ,
1985.
: , , ,
1986.
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1989.
: ,
, , 1994.
: ,
- , , , 1994.
: ,
, , ,1995.
: , ,
, , 1995.
, , , 1996.
,
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Development, SPATIUM, . 1/97, ,
. : Planning of Sustainable Development of Large Lignite Basins,
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. :
, . -,
, . 55-56, 2005.
. , . , :
; . -
, . 47-56, 2005.

 -*, **, ***

73/II, . +381 11 3370 091, mail: milap@iaus.org.yu

*** , , ,
. 73/II, . +381 11 3370 109, mail: sanja@iaus.org.yu

Abstract

Regional concept of environmental protection and waste 15

.
management represents a new methodology in spatial
,

interventions which enable an integral view of all of the

environmental parameters. In this way, contrary to the
, ,
a .
prevailing decentralized methodology of environmental
,
,
protection and negation of the pollution aftereffects, it

, ,

is recommended to form a unified database of main

pollutants for the whole region. This database enables
(

impact detection of specific factors (industrial facilities,
,

waste dumps and other pollutants) on a scale which

),
transcends to neighboring municipalities, regions, or
.
, ,
the overall country.


The state of the environment and waste management
(
. ,
in the South Morava region is directly impacted by an
,
array of environmentally degradable factors, with

),
economics being the most prominent one (industrial

,
facilities, which represented the main pollutants in the

.
past, applied little, if any, regard to the environmental
,


protection, dumping their waste on improvised,
,

unprotected waste dumps). On the other hand, low
,

.
level of employment, rudimentary industrial technology
,
,

made positive environmental effect in the past 5 to 10
,
.
years, because of lack of direct pollution.
,

The subject of this paper will be based on

recommendations for better organization on regional
(
level in the environmental and waste management
() , ,

field, and based on examples from Jablanica and Pinja
,
district, which are located in the South Morava region.


Keywords:
. ,
,
regional planning, environmental protection, waste

).
management, South Morava region
(

,
e
5 10 )
.
,
.
1
16007

,


,
* -,
, , . 73/II, . +381 11 3370 109,
, . .
mail: marina@iaus.org.yu
: ,
** , , , .
, ,

77
: 504.5:628.47

EGIONAL CONCEPT OF ENVIRONMENTAL

PROTECTION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT, WITH
CASE STUDIES OF SOUTH MORAVA REGION

,
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Fig.1.
Present state of forests in the South
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Fig.2.
Waste disposal on non-sanitary landfill in
municipalities of Vlasotince

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Waste disposal along the roads in municipalities
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83

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Waste disposal in river valleys in the Bojnik municipality

84

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Waste disposal in river valleys in municipalities of Vlasotince and Medvedja

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85

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Map 1
Waste dumps and transfer
stations location in the region of
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86

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Ghassemi A. (2002.), Handbook of Pollution control and waste

minimization, Marcel Dekker Inc, New York
EPA (1992.),Decision-makers guide to solid waste managment,
United States Environmental Protection Agency, New York
European Community environmental Legislation (1992),
Community strategy for waste management, Volume 6-Waste,
Luxembourg, EEC
http://www.oecd.org/document/60/0,2340,en_2649_201185
_2724668_1_1_1_1,00.html
(2008.),
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Tchobanoglous , G., Theisen, H., Vigil, S. (1993.),Integrated solid
waste managment - Engineering Principles and Managment issues,
McGraw-Hill International Editions, New York
(2008.),
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COBISS.SR-ID 8014860