User Description, GSM-UMTS Cell Reselection and Handover

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USER DESCRIPTION

208/1553-HSC 103 12/14 Uen A

UserDescription,GSM-UMTSCellReselectionandHandover
Copyright CopyrightEricssonAB,2008.AllRightsReserved. Disclaimer Nopartofthisdocumentmaybereproducedinanyformwithoutthewrittenpermissionof thecopyrightowner. Thecontentsofthisdocumentaresubjecttorevisionwithoutnoticeduetocontinued progressinmethodology,designandmanufacturing. Ericssonshallhavenoliabilityforanyerrorordamagesofanykindresultingfromtheuseof thisdocument. Trademark List AllotherproductorservicenamesmentionedinthisUserDescriptionaretrademarksoftheir respectivecompanies. Ericsson isatrademarkownedbyTelefonaktiebolagetLMEricsson.

Contents
1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 6 Glossary Introduction General ReadersGuide MainChangesinEricssonBSS08A MainChangesinEricssonBSS08B MainChangesinEricssonBSS09A Capabilities Technical Description General Measurements Inter-RATfunctions RelatedStatistics Engineering Guidelines Multi-RATMSCapabilities SystemInformation CellReselectiontoUMTS Intersystemcellselectionaftercallrelease InterSystemHandover Parameters General MainControllingParameters ValueRangesandDefaultsValues Concepts

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Reference List

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1Introduction
1.1General
ThisuserdescriptiondescribesanumberoffeaturesrelatedtohandoverbetweenGSMand UMTS.ThefeaturesdescribedareGSM-UMTSCellReselectionandHandover,SmoothGSMto WCDMAUnloading,HandoverwithUsageofServiceIndicator,CombinedCellReselection TriggeringGSMtoWCDMA,CombinedHandoverTriggeringGSMtoWCDMAandOptimized throughputatGSMtoWCDMACellChange(basedonNC2). ThefeatureGSM-UMTSCellReselectionandHandoverallowsend-userswithMulti-RAT (RadioAccessTechnology)GSM/WCDMAMobileStationstoroambetweenUTRAN(UMTS TerrestrialRadioAccessNetwork)andGSMradioaccessnetworkwithoutlossofservice (providedtheserviceissupportedinbothnetworks).Itgivessupportformobilityinidle mode(GSMtoUTRAN),forhandoverofcircuitswitchedconnections(GSMtoUTRAN),andfor cellreselectionforpackedswitchedservice(GPRS/EGPRStoUTRAN). ThefeatureSmoothGSMtoWCDMAUnloadinghelpsassuringresourceavailabilityinGSM cellsandlimitshandoverloadathighloadsituations. ThefeatureHandoverwithUsageofServiceIndicatorgivessupportforservicebased handovers,whichmeanstheMSCcangivepreferencetowhichradioaccessnetworktouse foraconnection,GSMorWCDMA.TheServiceIndicatorisusedbytheBSCwhendecidingon CShandoverfromGSMtoWCDMA ThefeatureCombinedCellReselectionTriggeringGSMtoWCDMAprovidesthepossiblityto defineathresholdforCPICHRSCPmeasurementstobeusedatcellreselection.The thresholdforCPICHRSCPmeasurementsassuresasufficientdownlinksignalstrength,which inturnincreasesthepossiblityforthemobiletoreachthenetworkintheuplink. ThefeatureCombinedHandoverTriggeringGSMtoWCDMAprovidesthepossibilitytodefine aCPICHRSCPthresholdusedtocontrolthemeasurementreportingofUTRANcellsforMSs beinginconnectedmodeorforMSsbeinginNC2mode.NoUTRANcellswillbeincludedin themeasurementreportsfromtheMSunlessthenonreportingradioentity(CPICHRSCP) haveavalueabovethedefinedCPICHRSCPthreshold. ThefeatureOptimizedthroughputatGSMtoWCDMACellChangeimprovesend-user performancebypreventingacellreselectionfromaGSMcelltoaWCDMAcellwhichinsome instancescanhaveoutagetimesof10 | 20secondsontheend-userapplicationlevel. ThisdocumentonlydescribestheBSSfunctionality,notUTRANparts,ofcircuitandpacket switchedintersystemcellreselectionandhandover.OnlyWCDMAFDD(FrequencyDivision Duplex)issupported. ThefeatureFastReturntoWCDMAafterCallReleaseisintroducedtodecreasethePaging OutageTime.Withthefeaturemulti-RATmobilescanberequestedtoselectaWCDMAcell directlyafterthecallreleaseandhencepreventingthemobiletofirstselectaGSMcelland thenre-selectaWCDMAcell. ThefeatureQueuingofWCDMACallsinBSSmakesitpossibletoprovideenhancednetwork accessibilityinGSMtoprioritizedsubscriberscomingfromtheWCDMAnetworkviathe directedretryprocedure.

1.2ReadersGuide
ThisdocumentdescribestheGSMandUMTSinterworkingfromaBSSperspective.UMTS detailscanbefoundinthedocumentationdescribingtheWCDMARadioAccessNetwork product.

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1.3MainChangesinEricssonBSS08A
Nochanges.

1.4MainChangesinEricssonBSS08B
Nochanges.

1.5MainChangesinEricssonBSS09A
ThefeatureQueuingofWCDMACallsinBSShasbeenintroduced. ThefeatureFastReturntoWCDMAafterCallReleasehasbeenintroduced.

2Capabilities
WiththefeatureGSM-UMTSCellReselectionandHandover,anoperator(ortwooperators)of bothaGSMandaUTRANsysteminanareacanusethesenetworkstocomplementeach other.Forexample,thealreadybuiltoutcoverageofGSMcanbeused,sothatend-users withMulti-RATMSswillexperiencegoodcoveragealsoinareaswherethereisnoUTRAN coverageusingtheUMTStoGSMcellreselectionandhandoverfunctionality.Thiswill increasetheserviceperceivedbyend-usersaswellasthecombinednetworkcapacity. WiththefeatureHandoverwithUsageofServiceIndicator,thefeatureGSM-UMTSCell ReselectionandHandoverisextendedwithamechanismthatenablestheMSCtoaffect whichradioaccessnetwork,GSMorWCDMA,preferablyshallserveaCSconnection. WiththefeatureSmoothGSMtoWCDMAUnloading,thefeatureGSM-UMTSCellReselection andHandoverisextendedwiththepossibilitytolimitthemaximumnumberofhandoversto performpersecondtoUTRAN.Onlythenumberofhandoversthataretriggeredbecauseof hightrafficloadintheGSMcellarelimited.Furthermore,incominghandoversfromUTRAN, willberejectedincaseofhightrafficloadintheGSMcell.Thesemechanismshelpstoassure theresourceavailabilityintheGSMnetwork. WiththefeatureCombinedCellReselectionTriggeringGSMtoWCDMA,cellreselectionis improvedtodecreasethenumberofping-pongcellreselections.Thatisachievedbyaddinga thresholdforCPICHRSCPmeasurementstoassureasufficientdownlinksignalstrength, whichinturnincreasesthepossiblityforthemobiletoreachthenetworkintheuplink. WiththefeatureCombinedHandoverTriggeringGSMtoWCDMA,theIRAThandover behaviourisimprovedbyavoidinghandoverattemptstoweakUTRANcells.Thatisachieved byaddingareportingthresholdfornonreportingradioentityoftheUTRANcells.Since CPICHEc/NoisthereportingradioentitythenonreportingradioentityisCPICHRSCP.An MSwillonlyincludeaUTRANcellinthemeasurementreportsincasetheCPICHRSCPvalue oftheUTRANcellisabovethedefinedthresholdvalue.ThisassuresthatUTRANhandover candidateshaveasufficientdownlinksignalstrength,whichinturnincreasesthepossiblity forthemobiletoreachthenetworkintheuplink. WiththefeatureOptimizedthroughputatGSMtoWCDMACellChange,end-user performanceisimprovedforGPRS/EDGE/WCDMAsubscribers.Inparticular,thisfeature reducestheimpactondownloadtimesbyprohibitingacellreselectionfromaGSMcelltoa WCDMAcell,andthusavoidingthelongoutagetimes,whenanMSisinpackettransfer mode. WiththefeatureFastReturntoWCDMAafterCallRelease,thePagingoutagetimecanbe decreasedsincethemulti-RATmobilescanberequestedtoselectaWCDMAcelldirectlyat thecallreleasewhichpreventsthemobiletofirstselectaGSMcellandthenre-selecta WCDMAcell.

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ThefeatureQueuingofWCDMACallsinBSSmakesitpossibletoprovideenhancednetwork accessibilityinGSMtoprioritizedsubscriberscomingfromtheWCDMAnetworkviathe directedretryprocedure.

3TechnicalDescription
3.1General
ThefeatureGSM-UMTSCellReselectionandHandoverprovidesthebasicmechanismsfor handoverandcellreselectionfromGSMtoUMTS.Parameterscanbesettocontrolwhena multi-RATMSinidleorconnectedmodeshallstartmeasuringonUTRANcells,seeSection 3.2.AUTRANcellwillonlybeconsideredasacandidateforcellreselectionorahandoverif thesignalqualityinthetargetcellisgoodenough.PrioritizingofUMTSorGSMcanbe controlledbyseveralparameters.CellreselectionandtheoptionalfeatureCombinedCell ReselectionTriggeringGSMtoWCDMaredescribedinSection3.3.2.Forhandover,thetraffic loadoftheGSMcellcaninadditiontotheradiocriteriabeusedasacriterionforhandovers towardsUMTS,seeSection3.3.4. WiththeoptionalfeatureCombinedHandoverTriggeringGSMtoWCDMAitisfurtherpossible tocontroliftheMSshallincludeUTRANcellsinthemeasurementreportssenttothe network.OnlyUTRANcellswithCPICHRSCPvaluesaboveagivenCPICHRSCPthresholdwill beincludedinthemeasurementreports. IncasetheurgencycriteriaintheGSMcellarefulfilled,seeReference[4],handoverto UTRANmaybetriggeredregardlessofthetrafficloadintheGSMcell. WiththefeatureHandoverwithUsageofServiceIndicator,thefeatureGSM-UMTSCell ReselectionandHandoverisextendedwithamechanismfortheMSCtocontrolinwhich system(GSMorUMTS)aconnectionpreferablyshallbeserved.IftheMSCindicatesthata connectionshallnotbehandedovertoUTRAN,BSSnevertriggersahandovertoUTRAN.If theMSCindicatesthataconnectionshouldnotbehandedovertoUTRAN,BSSonlytriggers ahandovertoUTRANincaseanyurgencycriterionisfulfilledintheGSMcellandwhenthe signalqualityinthetargetcellisgoodenough.IncasetheMSCindicatesthatahandover shouldbeperformed,BSStriggersahandovertoUTRANwhenthesignalqualityinthetarget cellisgoodenough. WiththefeatureSmoothGSMtoWCDMAUnloading,thefeatureGSM-UMTSCellReselection andHandoverisextendedwiththepossibilitytolimitthemaximumnumberofhandoversto performpersecondtoUTRAN.Onlythenumberofhandoversthatistriggeredbecauseof hightrafficloadintheGSMcellislimited.Furthermore,incominghandoversfromUTRAN,will berejectedincaseofhightrafficloadintheGSMcell. WiththefeatureOptimizedthroughputatGSMtoWCDMACellChange,end-user performanceisimprovedforGPRS/EDGE/WCDMAsubscribers.Inparticular,thisfeature reducestheimpactondownloadtimesbyprohibitingacellreselectionfromaGSMcelltoa WCDMAcell,andthusavoidingthelongoutagetimes,whenanMSisinpackettransfer mode.ThisfeatureisbasedonNC2,seeReference[3]. ThefeatureFastReturntoWCDMAafterCallReleaseisintroducedtodecreasethePaging outagetime.Withthefeaturemulti-RATmobilescanberequestedtoselectaWCDMAcell directlythecallreleaseandhencepreventingthemobiletofirstselectaGSMcellandthenre -selectaWCDMAcell. ThefeatureQueuingofWCDMACallsinBSSmakesitpossibletoprovideenhancednetwork accessibilityinGSMtoprioritizedsubscriberscomingfromtheWCDMAnetworkviathe directedretryprocedure.

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3.2Measurements
BesidesmeasurementsonsurroundingGSM/GPRS/EGPRScellsaMulti-RATMSalsoperforms measurementsonUTRANneighbouringcells.Thesemeasurementsareperformedina differentwaythanforGSMcellsandmaybelessfrequentlythanmeasurementsonGSM.In generalUTRANmeasurementsaredoneduringsparetime,thatis,GSMmeasurementshave priorityandUTRANmeasurementsaredoneifthereistimeleft. InordertoreduceunnecessarymeasurementsandtooptimizeMulti-RATMSbattery consumption,theGSMnetworkcontrolswhenthemeasurementsonUTRANcellsshallbe performedwiththeparametersQSIandQSC.TheparametersQSIandQSCdefine thresholdsandalsoindicatewhetherthesemeasurementsshallbeperformedwhenthe signalstrength(SS)oftheservingcellisbeloworabovethethreshold.Itcanbeusedto avoidunnecessarymeasurementsonUTRANcellsanddoesnotcontrolthebehaviourofMulti -RATMSsintermsofmakingdecisionsforcellreselectionandhandover.QSIisusedforidle andpacketswitchedmodesandbroadcastonBCCHandPBCCH(ifenabled),whileQSCis usedforactivemode,sentonSACCH. Afterchangingfromidletoactivemode,QSCisnotimmediatelyknown,asitissenton SACCH.Forthatperiodthemeasurementcontrolisdefined,withthecellparameterQSCI, broadcastonBCCH.ItispossibletochoosewhetherUTRANmeasurementswillbeperformed accordingtotheknownQSIvalue(QSCI=0)oralways(QSCI=1),untilthefirstQSCvalue isread. Therearefourdifferentscenariostochoosefrom.ParametersQSIandQSCaresetperGSM cellanddefineboththescenarioandthenecessarythreshold,atthesametime: 1. UTRANneighbouringcellsaremeasuredonlywhenthesignalstrengthoftheGSM servingcellisabovethethresholdsetbyQSIandQSC. 2. UTRANneighbourcellsaremeasuredonlywhenthesignalstrengthoftheGSMserving cellisbelowthethresholdsetbyQSIandQSC. 3. UTRANneighbourcellsarealwaysmeasured. 4. UTRANneighbourcellsarenevermeasured.Thiscanbeusedtoturnoffthecell reselection/handovertoUMTS,percell,evenifCOEXUMTSisONfortheBSC. InordertounderstandthepurposeofQSIandQSC,twoexamplesareshowninFigure1 andFigure2. WhenQSI/QSC=5,UTRANcellmeasurementsareperformedwhentheSSoftheserving GSMcellisbelowthethresholdof-78dBm,seeFigure1.

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Figure1ExampleQSI/QSC=5,UTRANMeasurementsArePerformedwhentheSignal StrengthintheServingCellIsbelow-78dBm. WhenQSI/QSC=11,themeasurementsareperformedwhenthesameSSisabovethe thresholdof-66dBm,seeFigure2.

Figure2ExampleQSI/QSC=11,UTRANMeasurementsArePerformedWhentheSignal StrengthintheServingCellIsabove-68dBm. Example1:IfanUTRANcellshouldservepurelytoextendthecoverageforMulti-RATMSsin GSM,itislogicaltosetQSI/QSCvaluesfrom0-6,sinceit'sonlyneededtomakecell reselectionandhandoverstoUMTSwhentheGSMcoveragefallslow. Example2:IfanUTRANcellisco-sitedwithaGSMcell,thereisacertaincorrelationbetween signalstrengthsofthetwosystems.IftheGSMisforexampleusing900MHzbanditisvery probablethattheGSMsignalstrengthwillalwaysbehigherthantheUTRANsignal,fora numberofdBs.Therefore,thereisnopointinmeasuringUTRANcellsinlowGSMsignal conditionsandvalues8-14canbeselectedaccordingly. WheninCSactiveorpackettransfermodeaGSM/GPRS/EGPRSMScontinuouslymeasures thesignalstrengthoftheservingcellandallneighbouringcells(BCCHcarriers)asindicated intheBAlist.Besides,theGSM/GPRS/EGPRSMSshallattempttodecodetheBSICofas manyneighbouringcellsbelongingtotheBAlistaspossible,andasaminimumatleastonce every10secondsduringthesocalledsearchframes.TheMSistypicallyquitebusywith performingGSM/GPRS/EGPRSmeasurementandthereisnotmuchtimeleftforUTRAN measurements.Inthiscase,theMSmayperformthemeasurements,oncellsbelongingto the3Gneighbouringcelllist,duringsearchframesthatarenotrequiredforBSICdecoding.If indicatedbytheparameterSPRIO,aMulti-RATMSmayuseupto25searchframesper13 secondsevenwithoutconsideringtheneedforBSICdecodingintheseframes.Thisimplies moretimeforUTRANmeasurements,butinthesamewaylesstimeforBSICdecoding.

3.3Inter-RATfunctions
3.3.1 PLMN Selection

WhenaMulti-RATMSispoweredonoruponrecoveryfromlackofcoverage,itimmediately attemptstomakecontactwithaPublicLandMobileNetwork(PLMN).ThePLMNmaybe selectedeitherautomaticallyormanuallysimilartoaGSMonlyMS(seeReference[2]).The PLMNselectionprocedureissomewhatdifferentforaMulti-RATMSsinceaPLMNcould supportmorethanoneaccesstechnology.Itwillfirsttrytoselectandregistertothelast registeredPLMNifoneexists.AMulti-RATMSstartsitssearchusingthelastusedRAT.If

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informationaboutthelastusedRATisnotavailable,theMulti-RATMSstartsitssearchusing GSMaccesstechnology.IfthereisnolastregisteredPLMN,orifitisunavailable,theMultiRATMSwilltrytoselectanotherPLMNeitherautomaticallyormanuallydependingonits operatingmode,seeReference[10].TheautomaticmodeusesalistofPLMNsandRATsin anorderofprioritywhereasthemanualmodeleavesthedecisiontotheend-userandonly showstheavailablePLMNsusingallsupportedRATs. IfaPLMNisselectedusingGSMaccesstechnologythefollowingcellselectionandcell reselectionproceduresaredescribedinReference[2].Multi-RATproceduresinUTRANare notdescribedinthisdocument. 3.3.1.1AutomaticMode Inautomaticmode,ifnolastregisteredPLMNexistsorisavailabletheMSwillselectaPLMN, ifitisavailableandallowed,inthefollowingorder: 1. HomePLMN.TheMulti-RATMSshallsearchfortheHomePLMNusingallaccess technologiesitiscapableofandstartitssearchusingthe"accesstechnologiespriority list"storedintheSubscriberIdentityModule(SIM).Ifnoaccesstechnologyinformation isavailableintheSIMthemobileshallstartitssearchusingGSMaccesstechnology. 2. EachPLMNinthe"usercontrolledPLMNlist"storedintheSIMinpriorityorder.The Multi-RATMSshalltryfindeachPLMNusingthe"accesstechnologiesprioritylist"stored foreachPLMNintheSIM.IfnoaccesstechnologyinformationisavailableontheSIM themobileshallstartitssearchusingGSMaccesstechnology. 3. EachPLMNinthe"operatorcontrolledPLMNlist"storedintheSIMinpriorityorder.The Multi-RATMSshalltryfindeachPLMNusingthe"accesstechnologiesprioritylist" storedforeachPLMNintheSIM.Ifnoaccesstechnologyinformationisavailableonthe SIMthemobileshallstartitssearchusingGSMaccesstechnology. 4. OtherPLMN/accesstechnologycombinationswithreceivedhighqualitysignalin randomorder.ForGSMcellshighqualitycellsarecellswithsignallevelabove-85 dBm.ForWCDMAcellshighqualitycellsarecellswithCPICHRSCPlevelabove-95 dBm.TheMulti-RATMSshallsearchusingallaccesstechnologiesitiscapableofbefore selectingPLMN. 5. AllotherPLMN/accesstechnologycombinationsinorderofdecreasingsignalstrength. TheMulti-RATMSshallsearchusingallaccesstechnologiesitiscapableofbefore selectingPLMN. 3.3.1.2ManualMode Inmanualmode,theMulti-RATMSwillfirsttrytoselecttheregisteredPLMNorhomePLMN ifnolastregisteredPLMNexists.IfthisregistrationfailsoriftheuserhasinitiatedaPLMN reselectiontheMulti-RATMSwillindicatetotheuserallavailablePLMNsusingallsupported accesstechnologies.TheusercanthenselectadesiredPLMNwhichcausestheMStoinitiate aregistrationonthisPLMN.IftheselectedPLMNisnotallowed,anindicationtotheuserto selectanotherPLMNwillbegiven. Note:AnMulti-RATMSmayindicateaccesstechnologytotheuser(manufacturer dependent).Iftheaccesstechnologyisnotdisplayedthehighestaccesstechnology accordingtotheaccesstechnologyinformationprioritylistintheSIMisused. 3.3.2 Inter System Cell Reselection

3.3.2.1CellReselectiontoGSM ThereisnosignificantimpactofcellreselectionfromUMTStoGSMontheBaseStation System.Ingeneral,cellreselectionfromUMTStoGSM/GPRS/EGPRSisintroducedwithas littlechangeaspossibletotheGSMstandard.

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ThecellreselectionisinitiatedinUTRANandnotdescribedhere.Inshort,foranintersystem cellreselectiontooccurtheestimatedqualityofthecurrentlyusedUTRANfrequencymustbe belowacertainthresholdandtheestimatedqualityofthetargetGSMcellmustbeabovea certainthreshold.SeeReference[15]foradescriptionofUMTStoGSM/GPRS/EGPRScell reselectioninEricssonWCDMARAN. WhenaMulti-RATMSmovesintoacellbelongingtoanotherLA/RAatcellreselectionfrom UMTStoGSM/GPRS/EGPRSitperformsLA/RAUpdateRequest,whenaccessingtheGSM networkusingexistingsignalingprocedurestoindicateitspresenceaccordingtoSection 3.3.5andSection3.3.6.ThetargetBSCwillnotdistinguishifthemobilecamefromaGSMor UTRANcellbeforethecellreselection. 3.3.2.2CellReselectiontoUMTS ThisalgorithmisvalidforMSsinNC0orNC1mode.ForMSsinNC2mode,refertoReference [3]. TobeabletoperformintersystemcellreselectionfromGSMtoUMTS,aMulti-RATMSlistens toadefinedlistofUMTSneighbours.ThislistisbroadcastonBCCH(andPBCCHifenabled). AsimilaralgorithmtotheoneforGSMcellreselectionisusedforGSMtoUTRANcell reselection.Nevertheless,thereisadifferencewhenitcomestotheevaluationofsignal strengthandqualityforGSMandUMTSmeasurements.Thereasonforthisisthecompletely differentmodulationtechniqueused.Therefore,amappingofUMTSsignalstrengthis performed,insuchawaythatitcanbecomparedtoGSMsignalstrengthvalues.Thesame algorithmandbehaviourappliesforintersystemcellreselectioninGPRS/EGPRSReadystate, GPRS/EGPRSStandbystateandCSidlemode. ThealgorithmforintersystemcellreselectiontoUMTSiscontrolledbythenetworkwiththe parametersFDDQMINandFDDQOFF. FDDQMINistheminimumqualityofaUTRANcellforcellreselection.Thisparametershould notbeusedtocontrolthecellreselection,butprovideasufficientqualityofthecandidate UTRANcell. FDDQOFFisthekeyparametertocontrolthebehaviourofintersystemcellreselection.It definesanoffsetbetweensignalqualityofUTRANandGSMcells. LowervaluesoftheparameterFDDQOFFcanbeusedtooff-loadtheGSMsystem.This meansthatbothpotentialtraffic(Multi-RATMSsinCSidlemodeandGPRS/EGPRSpacket idlemode)andresourceoccupyingtraffic(Multi-RATMSsinGPRS/EGPRSpackettransfer mode)willselectaUTRANcellthatfulfillstheintersystemcellreselectioncriteria. HighervaluesoftheparameterFDDQOFFcanbeusedtokeepMulti-RATMSsintheGSM system,forexampleifanUMTStoGSMoff-loadprioritysettingisappliedintheUMTS system. ThevaluesoftheGSMsignalstrengthandtheUTRANCPICHRSCParenotofthesamekind andthereforenoteasilycomparable.Thebalancebetweenthesetwoshouldbesetwiththe offsetFDDQOFF. TheBSSparametersFDDQMINandFDDQOFFmustbesetincorrelationtothe correspondingUTRANparameterstoavoidunwantedbehaviour,suchas | ping-pong | effect. NotethatthesettingoftheparameterQSIindirectlyrestrictsthecontrolofcellreselection, sincenocellreselectionwillbemadewithoutUTRANmeasurements. IfthefollowingcriteriaarefulfilledaMulti-RATcapableMSwillreselectasuitableUTRANcell (seeReference[11]):

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CPICHEc/No>FDDQMIN and

(1)

CPICHRSCP>RLA(s+n)+FDDQOFF foraperiodof5seconds.(s+n=servingandneighbouringGSMcells)

(2)

CPICHEc/NoisthereceivedenergyperchipontheCommonPilotChannel(CPICH)dividedby thepowerdensityintheband.ThisquantitymeasuresthequalityoftheneighbouringUTRAN cells(roughlycomparabletoasignaltonoiseratiomeasure).Tofulfillthefirstcriterion,it mustexceedthethresholdparameterFDDQMINsetintheBSCandbroadcasttoMulti-RAT MSsontheBCCHandPBCCH(ifenabled). CPICHRSCPisameasureofthesignalstrengthforaUTRANcell.Tofulfillthesecond criterion,itmustexceedtheRLA(measuredsignalstrength)forboththeservingcellandthe 6strongestnon-servingGSM/GPRS/EGPRScellswithanoffsetdefinedbytheparameter FDDQOFF.IfmorethanoneUTRANcellfulfillsthesecriteria,theMulti-RATMSselectsthe onewithhighestCPICHRSCP. RLA(ReceivedLevelAverage)istheaverageofthereceivedsignallevelsmeasuredindBm forallmonitoredGSMfrequenciesintheBAlist.Theaveragingisbasedonatleastfive measurementsamplesperRFcarrierspreadover3to5seconds,themeasurementsamples fromthedifferentRFcarriersbeingspreadevenlyduringthisperiod(seeReference[8]). RLA=RLA_CforGSMattachedMulti-RATMSsandRLA=RLA_PforGPRS/EGPRSattachedMulti -RATMSs. CellreselectionbacktoUTRANshallnotoccurwithin5secondsafterapreviouscell reselectionfromUTRAN.Ifacellreselectionoccurredwithintheprevious15seconds,an additionaloffsettoFDDQOFFisincreasedby5dBbythemultiRATMS. NotethatifthecriteriaforintersystemcellreselectiontoUMTSarefulfilled,theMulti-RAT capableMSreselectsaUTRANcellevenifthecriteriaforselectingaGSM/GPRS/EGPRScellis fulfilled.AGPRS/EGPRSMulti-RATMSusesthesamecellreselectionalgorithminpacketidle mode(noongoingpackettransfer)andinpackettransfermode. 3.3.2.3CombinedCellReselectionTriggeringGSMtoWCDMA WiththefeatureCombinedCellReselectionTriggeringGSMtoWCDMA,amulti-RATmobile willreselectaUTRANsuitablecellifcellreselectioncriteria(2),alongwith(3)and(4)below arefulfilled: CPICHEc/No>FDDQMIN - FDDQMINOFF and (4) (3)

CPICHRSCP>FDDRSCPMIN - min((P_MAX-21 dBm),3dB)

Withcriterion(3),therequirementofsignalqualitycanbemadelessrestrictiveformulti-RAT mobilesthatsupportssignalstrengthcriterion(4).P_MAXisthemaximumRFoutputpower oftheMS(dBm)inUTRANFDD.

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3.3.2.4OptimizedthroughputatGSMtoWCDMACellChange ThisfeatureisactivatedbysettingtheparameterNCPROFavalueof1. ThisfeatureonlyaffectsMSsinpackettransfermodehavingDL/ULTBFwithpayloaddata. ThisfeaturewillnotaffectanMSinDTMmode,i.e.whentheMSisbothinpackettransfer modeandcircuitswitcheddedicatedmode. Thisfeaturewillengagewhenthefloowingcriteriaarefulfilled: 1. ThereisatleastoneWCDMAneighbouringcelltotheservingcell. 2. AdownlinkTBFwithpayloaddatahasbeenestablished. 3. TheTBFsession(UL,DLorboth)islongerthan2seconds. 4. ThecurrentRPloadpermitsanotherMSinNC2mode. 5. TheMSisnotinDTMmode FromthetimeatestablishmentofthedownlinkTBFwithpayloaddata,adelaytimeof2 secondsisappliedbeforeaffectingtheMSasstatedincriteria(3)above.Thereasontohave adelayistofilterouttheshortTBFsessionsandtominimizetheloadonthesignalling channel. Oncethecriteriaabovearefulfilled,theMSisorderedtoNC2modeandthenetworkcell reselectionalgorithmisinitiated.Thenetworkcellreselectionalgorithmissimilartothecell reselectionalgorithmintheMSasdescribedinReference[8]andSection3.3.2.2andis describedmoreindetailinReference[3]. AfteranMSisinstructedtoperformacellreselectiontoanewcell,itisthenorderedtoleave NC2asdescribedinReference[14].AftertheMShasenteredthenewcell,itwillnotbeable tochangetoanothercellduringthefirst5seconds.DuringthisperiodoftimetheMSmaybe orderedtoNC2againinthenewcellbeforeitcanmakeanydecisionregardingcellchange, forexample,toaWCDMAcell. 3.3.3 Inter system cell selection after call release

WhenthefeatureFastReturntoWCDMAafterCallReleaseisactivated,theBSCmight requesttheMStoselectaWCDMAcelldirectlyafterthereleasewithoutfirstselectingthe servingGSMcell.ThatisdonebyincludingtheIE"Cellselectionindicatorafterreleaseofall TCHandSDCCH"intheCHANNELRELEASEmessage.TheBSCdoesnotindicateany individualWCDMAcellbutonlyindicatesthefrequencynumber(s),theUARFCN(s). IftheGSMcellhasbeenconfiguredwithanActiveUTRANMeasurementFrequencyList,the BSCwilldirectamobiletoUTRANwhenthefollowingcriteriaarefulfilled: 1.Thefeatureisactivated 2.ThemobileshallnotbecomeaVGCSlistener 3.TheparameterQSChasnotbeensetto | never | 4.MShasreportedmeasurementsonaUTRANcellwhileindedicatedmode(thereisUTRAN coverage) TheBSCwillonlyrequestthemobiletoselectafrequencyreportedbythemobileinthe measurementreport. IftheGSMcellhasonlybeenconfiguredwithanIdleUTRANMeasurementFrequencyListor QSCissetto | never | ,themobilewillnotreportanymeasurementsonUTRANcellsand theBSCwilldirectthemobiletoUTRANwhenfollowingcriteriaarefulfilled: 1.Thefeatureisactivated. 2.ThemobileshallnotbecomeaVGCSlistener. 3.TheMSisamulti-RATmobile

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SincethemobiledoesnotincludeanyWCDMAcellsinanymeasurementwhennoActive UTRANMeasurementFrequencyListhasbeendefinedortheQSCparameterissetto15 (=never),theBSCwillinthiscaserequestthemobiletoselectafrequencyincludedfromthe IdleUTRANMeasurementFrequencyList. Inthelatterscenario,whenthereisnoActiveUTRANMeasurementFrequencyListorthe QSCissetto15(=never),thereisariskthatthemobilewillbere-directedtoWCDMAeven thoughthereisnoWCDMAcoverage.ThemobilewillthenunsuccessfullysearchforWCDMA cellsandafterawhileselectaGSMcell.Insuchacase,thePagingoutagetimewillinstead increase.ThereforeitisrecommendedtoturnoffthefeatureinGSMcellswheretheUTRAN coverageispoorandwhennoActiveUTRANMeasurementFrequencyListhasbeen configured. IftheparameterQSIissetto15(=never),meaningthatmobileshouldnotmeasureon WCDMAcellswhileinidlemode,thefeaturecouldbeturnedoffinordertonotrequestthe mobiletoselectaWCDMAcell. ThemobilewillberequestedtoselectaWCDMAcellalsoiftheCSconnectionofaDTMcallis released.Theinterruptofthepacketdatatransferwillbeshorterifthemobileinsteadis requestedtoenterNC2inGSM.WiththeparameterFASTRET3GNC2itispossibletochange thebehaviorsothatthemobileisnotrequestedtoselectaWCDMAcellifthefeature OptimizedthroughputatGSMtoWCDMACellChangeisactiveandtheCSconnectionofa DTMcallisreleased. 3.3.4 Inter System Handover

3.3.4.1HandovertoGSM ThebasisforUMTStoGSMhandoverdecisionsisimplementedintheRadioNetwork Controller(RNC)intheUTRANsystem.ThealgorithmforUMTStoGSMhandoverinitiationin EricssonWCDMARANisdescribedinReference[16].Inshort,thehandovercriterionisbased onthefollowingevent:estimatedqualityofthecurrentlyusedUTRANfrequencyisbelowa certainthresholdandtheestimatedqualityofthetargetGSMcellisaboveacertain threshold. DuringhandoverexecutiontheBSCisinformedviatheMSCthatanintersystemhandoveris required.ThetargetBSCallocatesresourcesandorderstheMulti-RATMStoaccessthe targetGSMcellviatheservingRNC.TheBSCwillnotdistinguishbetweenincomingintra-or intersystemhandovers. WiththefeatureSmoothGSMtoUMTSUnloading,incomingintersystemhandoverswillbe treateddifferently,seeSection3.3.4.4. 3.3.4.2HandovertoUMTS ThischapterdescribesthebasichandovermechanismprovidedbythefeatureGSM-WCDMA CellReselectionandHandover.Thesebasicmechanismismodified/complementedbyother features,describedinSection3.3.4.3,Section3.3.4.4andSection3.3.4.5. Incircuitswitchedactivemode(speechanddata),aMulti-RATMSismeasuringneighbouring UTRANcellsandreportingtotheBSSthroughmeasurementreports.Tobeabletoperform intersystemmeasurementsalistofUTRANneighboursissenttotheMulti-RATMSonthe SACCH.TheselistscanbethesameasthelistbroadcastonBCCHtoMulti-RATMSsinidle mode,butitisalsopossibletosetthemseparatelyinordertohavedifferentUMTS neighboursinidleandactivemode.Afterchangingfromidletoactivemode,thelastlist receivedoverBCCHisused(thatis,Idle3G-BA),untilanewoneisreceivedoverSACCH (thatis,active3G-BA).TheMulti-RATmobileisinformedonhowmanyUMTScells(0-3)that shallbereportedinthemeasurementreport.ThisissetbyparameterFDDMRR.BSSinforms themobilewhichmeasurementreporttouse,MeasurementReportorEnhanced

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MeasurementReport.Belowfollowsabriefdescriptionofhowthemobilescomposethe differentmeasurementreports. Measurementreporttypeis | MeasurementReport | WhentheMeasurementReportisused,themulti-RATMSwillcomposethelistasfollows: 1.AddMIN(FDDMRR,numberofvalidUTRANcells)UTRANcellstothetopofthelist. 2.AddMIN((6-numberofaddedUTRANcells),numberofvalidGSMcells)GSMcellstothe list. 3.Ifthereismorespaceinthemeasurementreport,addremainingvalidUTRANcells. NotethatifmultipleGSM-bandsareused,therewillbefewpositionsinthemeasurement reportforcellsfromthosebands,sinceonlysixcellscanbereportedinthemeasurement report.FormoreinformationonMultibandoperation,seeReference[6]. AlsonotethatifFDDMRRissetto0andifthenumberofvalidGSMcellsarenotenoughto fillthelist,UTRANcellsmaybereported. UTRANneighbouringcellsarereportedreusingthefieldsdefinedforGSMneighbouringcells measurements. ForGSMneighbourcells,theRXLEVfieldisasusualcodedasthebinaryrepresentationofthe receivedsignalstrengthontheneighbouringcell.ForUTRANneighbourcells,theRXLEVfield isinsteadcodedasthebinaryrepresentationofCPICHEc/No(definedinReference[8]). ForGSMneighbourcells,theBCCH-FREQfieldisasusualcodedasthebinaryrepresentation ofthemeasuredcell'spositionintheBAlist.ForUTRANneighbourcells,theBCCH-FREQfield isalwayscodedas31(binary).ThismeansthatthemaximumnumberofGSMneighbouring cellsisreducedfrom32to31incellshavingUTRANneighbouringcellsdefined. AUTRANcellisuniquelyidentifiedwithitsfrequencyandscramblingcodecombinationso thereisnoequivalenttoBSICforGSMcells.InthefieldwhereBSICisusuallyreportedfor GSMcells,thebinaryrepresentationofthemeasuredUTRANcell'spositionintheactive3GBAlistiscoded. Measurementreporttypeis | EnhancedMeasurementReport | WhentheEnhancedMeasurementReportisusedthemulti-RATMSwillcomposethelistin thefollowingpriortyorder: 1.Fromservingband,addMIN(3,numberofvalidGSMcells)GSMcellstothelist. 2.Fromeachnon-servingband,addMIN(MBCR,numberofvalidGSMcells)GSMcellstothe list. 3.AddMIN(FDDMRR,numberofvalidUTRANcells)UTRANcellstothelist. 4.IfpossibleaddremainingGSMcellsandUTRANcells.Thecellstoincludeareselectedby theMS.ThecellsarerankedbycomparingRXLEVforGSMcellswithCPICHRSCPforUTRAN cells. NotethatthereisariskthatthemobilewillnotreportthenumberofUTRANcellsas indicatedbyFDDMRR.HoweverwhenUTRANcellsarereported,theBSCwillalwaysevaluate MIN(FDDMRR,numberofvalidUTRANcells)numberofUTRANcellswhenproducingthefinal handovercandidatelist. UponreceivingthemeasurementsfromaMulti-RATMS,theBSCisperformingthelocating algorithminordertocreateacandidatelistforhandovers.MeasuredUTRANandGSMcells areprocessedseparately.ThisisdonebyfilteringouttheUTRANcellmeasurementsbefore applyingtheGSMlocatingalgorithm.

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TheGSMlocatingalgorithmismodifiedinordertoprocessbothUTRANandGSM neighbouringcells,asshownontheFigure3.

Figure3ModifiedLocatingAlgorithm.MeasurementfromUMTSandGSMCellsAre ProcessedSeparatelyandUTRANCellsAreAddedtotheGSMList TheexistingGSM-GSMlocatingalgorithmiskeptintact.Paralleltothat,aGSM-UMTS algorithmranksUTRANneighbourcellsandaddspossiblecandidatestothecomplete candidatelist.ForfilteringGSMmeasurements,differentfilterscanbeused,seeReference [4].ForUTRANcellmeasurements,astraightaveragefiltercanonlybeusedwithafixedset ofparameter. ThekeyparametersthatcontrolhandoversfromGSMtoUMTSareQSCandMRSL.Thefirst parametercontrolswhentheMulti-RATMSshouldmeasureonUMTS-frequencies,thesecond istheUTRANqualitycriterionwhichisvalidatedinBSS.

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AllUTRANcellstobeaddedtothecandidatelistmustfulfillthequalitycriterion: CPICHEc/No>=MRSL wherethethresholdparameterMRSLissetintheBSC. Othercriteriathatmustbefulfilledarerelatedtoeitherloadorurgency.AUTRANcellwillbe ahandovercandidateonlyifanyorbothoftheurgencyorloadcriteriaarefulfilledinaddition tothequalitycriterion(5).Theurgencycriteriamaybeduetolargetimingadvance,bad downlinkqualityorbaduplinkquality.Theurgencycriteriaaredescribedinmoredetailin Reference[4].Theloadcriterionisdescribedbelow. PercentageofidleTCHintheservingcell<=ISHOLEV (6) (5)

whereISHOLEVisaloadrelatedthresholdsetintheBSCpercell.TheUTRANcellwillbea candidateifthepercentageofidleTCHsfromthetotalnumberofTCHsislowerorequalthan athreshold.Inotherwords,theremainingfreetrafficresourceshavetobebelowa threshold,inordertoinitiateevaluationofUTRANcellsforhandover.DedicatedPDCHsare regardedasbusytrafficchannelswhenevaluatingtheparameterISHOLEV.On-demand PDCHsareregardedaseitheridleorbusydependingonthesettingofthecell parameterGPRSPRIO(seeReference[7]).Trafficloadintheservingcellischecked periodically.ThisperiodissetwithperBSCwiththeexchangepropertyCOEXUMTSTINT. Regardlessofusedhandovercriterion,allvalidneighbouringUTRANcellsaresortedinorder ofdecreasingCPICHEc/No.AfinalcandidatelistiscreatedbypossiblyaddingUTRANcellsto theGSMcandidatecellsaccordingtothetablebelow.
Table1Cellorderinthefinalhandovercandidatelist."Load"and"Noload"isinrelationtoparameterISHOL

Non-urgencyHO Noload G Load UG

UrgencyHO Noload GU Load UG

Legend:G-onlyGSMcellsinthecandidatelist,UG-UTRANcellsareaddedonthetopofthe candidatelist,GU-UTRANcellsareaddedatthebottomofthecandidatelist. | Load | indicatesthattheloadcriterion(6)isfulfilled. | Urgency | indicatesthatanyofthe urgencycriteriaisfulfilled. Ifanintersystemhandoverfails,theparameterTALLOCisusedtopreventthatanew candidatelistwillbeimmediatelysentwiththesameUTRANcell(s),seeReference[4]. Thevalueof MRSLshoulddependonthecorrespondingsettingsintheUTRANcell,inorder toavoidunwantedping-pongeffects,forexample.Also,MRSLshouldbesetaccordingto FDDQMIN.Forexample,inordertobalancethebehaviourinactiveandidlemode, MRSL canhavethesamevalueasFDDQMIN. ISHOLEVdefinesthemainbehaviourofGSM-UMTShandovers.With ISHOLEV=99(max. value),UMTSwillbealwaysprioritized.WithdifferentvaluesofISHOLEVhandoverstoUMTS willbetriggeredonlyincaseofhightrafficintheservingGSMcell.Therefore,atrafficoffloadisachieved.Otherparametersneedtobecarefullyset,dependingonthewanted strategy. Example1:Itiswantedtooff-loadGSMtraffic,andinthesametimeextendUMTScoverage. Inthiscase ISHOLEVshouldbesettothewantedtrafficthreshold, QSCshouldbesetto7

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(always),ortovalues8-14ifthecellsareco-sited.ThisisbecausenoGSMsignallevel criterionisneeded. Example2:ItisonlywantedtoextendUMTScoveragewithGSM.ISHOLEVshouldbethan setto99inordertoprioritizeUMTSallthetime.BothQSCandQSIshouldbesetto7,or814ifthecellsareco-sited. FDDQOFFcanbe-infsinceallMSsaretobethrownbackto UMTSinidlemodeaswell. IftheGSMistobeextendedwiththeUMTScoverage,QSChastobeusedasathreshold belowwhichUTRANmeasurementscanstart.InthatcaseISHOLEVshouldbesetto99. 3.3.4.3HandoverwithUsageofServiceIndicator WiththefeatureHandoverwithUsageofServiceIndicator,thehandovercriteriaprovided withGSM-UMTSCellReselectionandHandoveraremodifieddependingonthevalueofthe ServiceIndicator.TheServiceIndicatorisaBSSinternalparameterthatindicateswhether theMSChasanypreferenceoninwhichsystem,GSMorWCDMA,aCSconnectionshallbe served.ItwillhavethevalueasreceivedintheInformationElement | Service Handover | intheBBSMAPmessagesHandoverRequestandAssignmentRequestorthe value | nopreference | iftheMSChasomittedtheInformationElement | Service Handover | .The | ServiceHandover | InformationElementmayhavethevalues | HandovertoUTRANshouldbeperformed | , | HandovertoUTRANshouldnotbe performed | or | HandovertoUTRANshallnotbeperformed | . IftheMSCindicatesthattheconnectionshallnotbehandedovertoUTRAN,BSSnever triggersahandovertoUTRAN.IftheMSCindicatesthataconnectionshouldnotbehanded overtoUTRAN,BSSonlytriggersahandovertoUTRANincaseanyurgencycriterionis fulfilledintheGSMcell.IncasetheMSCindicatesthatahandovershouldbeperformed,BSS triggersahandovertoUTRANwhenthesignalqualityinthetargetcellisgoodenough, regardlessofthetrafficload. TheServiceIndicatorisvalidperCSconnectionbutmaybechangedduringacall. Regardlessofusedhandovercriteria,allvalidneighbouringUTRANcellsaresortedinorderof decreasingCPICHEc/No.AfinalcandidatelistiscreatedbypossiblyaddingUTRANcellsto theGSMcandidatecellsaccordingtothetablebelow.
Table2CellorderinthefinalhandovercandidatelistwhenServiceIndicatorisused."Load"and"Noload"isi

Non-urgencyHO Noload Nopreference Should shouldnot shallnot G UG G G Load UG UG G G UrgencyHO Noload GU UG GU G Load UG UG GU G

Legend:G-onlyGSMcellsinthecandidatelist,UG-UTRANcellsareaddedonthetopofthe candidatelist,GU-UTRANcellsareaddedatthebottomofthecandidatelist. | Load | indicatesthattheloadcriterion(6)isfulfilled. | Urgency | indicatesthatanyofthe urgencycriteriaisfulfilled.

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Example1.IftheServiceIndicatorhasthevalue | HandovertoUTRANshallnotbe performed | ,theurgencycriterionforTimingAdvanceisfulfilled,andtheloadcriterion(6) isfulfillednohandovertoUTRANwilltakeplacesincethefinalhandovercandidatelistwill notcontainanyUTRANcells. Example2.IftheServiceIndicatorhasthevalue | HandovertoUTRANshouldbe performed | andtheloadcriterion(6)isNOTfulfilled,handovertoUTRANwillbetriggered ifthereareanyUTRANcellsthatfulfillthequalitycriterion(5). 3.3.4.4SmoothGSMtoWCDMAUnloading WiththefeatureSmoothGSMtoWCDMAUnloading,themaximumnumberofhandoversto performpersecondtoUTRANissetwiththeparameterMAXISHO,definedperGSMcell. WhenthenumberofhandovershavereachedthevaluesetbyMAXISHO,UTRANcellsare notincludedinthecandidatelistproducedbyLocating.Onlythenumberofhandoversthat aretriggeredbecauseofhightrafficloadintheGSMcell(loadcriterion(6)fulfilled),are excludedandcounted.HandoversforconnectionswiththeServiceIndicatorwithavalue otherthan | Nopreference | ,arenotcountednorexcluded.Neitherarehandoversdue tourgencyexcludedorcounted. IncominghandoversfromUTRANwithoutServiceIndicatorandwhichhascausevalues "DirectedRetry"or"Reduceloadinservingcell'willberejectedincaseofhightrafficloadin theGSMcell,thatiswhenloadcriterion(6)isfulfilled. 3.3.4.5CombinedHandoverTriggeringGSMtoWCDMA WiththefeatureCombinedHandoverTriggeringGSMtoWCDMAitispossibletocontrolthe measurementreportingofUTRANneighbouringcells.Theparameter FDDREPTHR2definesa thresholdforthenonreportingradioentityoftheUTRANcells.NoUTRANcellswillbe includedinthemeasurementreportsfromtheMSunlessthenonreportingUTRANradio entityisabovethedefinedthreshold.SinceUTRANcellsarereportedusingtheradioentity CPICHEc/No,theparameterFDDREPTHR2isrelatedtotheUTRANradioentityCPICHRSCP. ThethresholdparameterFDDREPTHR2assuresasufficientdownlinksignalstrengthofthe UTRANcell,whichinturnincreasesthepossibilityforthemobiletoreachtheUTRANcellin theuplink. ThethresholdparameterFDDREPTHR2isusedbyMSsbeinginconnectedmodeaswellas MSsbeinginNC2mode. 3.3.4.6QueuingofWCDMACallsinBSS ThefeatureQueuingofWCDMACallsinBSSmakesitpossibletoprovideenhancednetwork accessibilityinGSMtoprioritizedsubscriberscomingfromtheWCDMAnetworkviathe directedretryprocedure.DirectedretryisusedduringcallsetupinWCDMAtosendthecall toGSMduringcongestionintheWCDMAnetwork.Priorityandqueuinginformationissent fromthecorenetworktoBSSaspartofthedirectedretryprocedure.Incaseofcongestionin thetargetGSMcell,thehighprioritysubscriberisthenqueuedinBSS,togetherwithother highprioritysubscribers,accordingtotheirpriorityandtimeofarrivalinBSSuntilthereare freeresourcesintheGSMcelloruntilatime-out(after10seconds)inBSS. ThisfeatureworksasdescribedevenifthefeatureSmoothGSMtoWCDMAUnloadingis enabled. Formoredetailsaboutthisfeature,seeReference[1]

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3.3.5

Location Area Update Procedure

Tomakeitpossiblefortheend-usertoreceiveacall,thenetworkmustknowwheretheMS islocated.TokeepthenetworkupdatedonthelocationoftheMS,thesystemisinformedby theMS.ThisiscalledLocationUpdating(seeReference[2]). AnoperatorcanconfigureGSMandUMTScellstobemembersofthesameregistrationarea (thatis,sameLAI)andtheMulti-RATMSdoesnotneedtoperformlocationupdatejust becausethemobilehaschangedfromaUMTStoaGSMcell.AMulti-RATMSinitiatesnormal locationupdatingwhenitdetectsthatithasenteredanewlocationarea.WhentheMulti-RAT MSislisteningtothesysteminformationtransmittedontheservingcell,itwillcomparethe broadcastLocationAreaIdentity(LAI)withtheonestoredintheMulti-RATMS.Ifthe broadcastLAIdiffersfromtheonestored,alocationupdatingtypenormalwillbeinitiated andthenewLAIwillbestoredintheMulti-RATMS. IfaGSM-UMTShandoverhasoccurredtoanewLAduringacall,LocationUpdatingis performedafterthecallhasfinished. 3.3.6 Routing Area Update Procedure

AnoperatorcanconfigureGSMandUMTScellstobemembersofthesameregistrationarea (thatis,sameRAI).DuringanintersystemcellreselectionfromGPRS/EGPRStoUMTSor UMTStoGPRS/EGPRS,differentproceduresarefolloweddependingonthemobility managementstate(thatis,StandbyorReadystate)andtheNetworkOperationMode. Generallythesameproceduresareusedatintersystemcellreselectionbetween GPRS/EGPRSandUMTSasforGPRS/EGPRScellreselection(seeReference[3]).AMulti-RAT MSinitiatesaroutingareaupdatewhenitdetectsthatithasenteredanewroutingarea. Inshort,thefollowingrelationsbetweenGPRS/EGPRSandUMTSmobilitymanagement statesapplies: UMTSPS-ConnectedStatecorrespondstoGPRS/EGPRSReadyState. UMTSPS-IdleStatecorrespondstoGPRS/EGPRSStandbyState. WhenaMulti-RATMSinUMTSPS-ConnectedStatechangestotheGSMradioaccess,orin GPRS/EGPRSReadyStatechangestotheUMTSradioaccess,theMulti-RATMSinitiates | RAupdate | procedureindependentofwhethertheRAhaschangedornot. WhenaMulti-RATMSinUMTSPS-IdleStatechangestotheGSMradioaccess,orin GPRS/EGPRSStandbyStatechangestoUMTSradioaccess,theMulti-RATMSinitiates | RA update | procedureonlyiftheRAchanges. IftheRAdoesnotchangewhenaMulti-RATMSinUMTSPS-IdleStatechangesto GPRS/EGPRSStandbyState(orviseversa),theMulti-RATMSshallinitiate | SelectiveRA update | procedure.ThismeansthattheMulti-RATMSonlyperformsaRAUpdatewhen uplinkdataorsignallingisrequiredorwhenitgetspaged(seeReference[9]). TheGPRS/EGPRSMulti-RATMSperformsa | CombinedLA/RAUpdate | ifthenetwork operatesinNetworkOperationModeIandiftheMulti-RATMSisbothPSandCSattached (Reference[9]).

3.4RelatedStatistics
3.4.1 None. Impact on Legacy Counters

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3.4.2

Statistics for Performance Management

ThereareanumberofcountersperUTRANcellrelationintheobjectNUCELLRELCNT. Countersrelatedtohandoverperformanceontheairinterface Thenumberofhandovercommandssenttomobilestation,withtheneighbouringUTRANcell astargetcell(HOVERCNTUTRAN). ThenumberofsuccessfulhandoverstotheneighbouringUTRANcell(HOVERSUCUTRAN). ThenumberofhandoverattemptstotheneighbouringUTRANcellwhentheMSreturnedto theoldchannel(HORTTOCHUTRAN). ThenumberofhandovercommandssenttomobilestationduetourgencyintheGSMcell, withtheneighbouringUTRANcellastargetcell(URGHOVERUTRAN). Thenumberofsuccessfulhandoverattempts,duetourgencyintheGSMcell,tothe neighbouringUTRANcell(SUCURGHOUTRAN). CountersrelatedtohandoverproceduresontheA-interface ThenumberofhandoverrequiredsenttotheneighbouringUTRANcell(HOREQCNTUTRAN). CountersrelatedtothefeatureHandoverwithUsageofServiceIndicator NumberofhandoverattemptstoaneighbouringUTRANcellbecausetheServiceHandover valueissetto | HandovertoUTRANshouldbeperformed | (HOATTSHOULDUTRAN). CountersrelatedtothefeatureOptimizedthroughputatGSMtoWCDMACellChange ThenumberofTBFspercellwherecellreselectiontoUTRANwasavoidedatleastoncewhile inNC2(IRATPREV). CountersrelatedtothefeatureFastReturntoWCDMAafterCallRelease ThenumberoftimeswhenthemessageCHANNELRELEASEissentwiththeIE"Cellselection indicatorafterreleaseofallTCHandSDCCH"

4EngineeringGuidelines
4.1Multi-RATMSCapabilities
ItisimportanttousetheEarlyClassmarksendingtoassurethatthesystemknowsaboutthe Multi-RATcapabilities.WithEarlyclassmarksending(settingofparameterECSC=YES),the Multi-RATMSwillthensendClassmarkChangeassoonaspossibleaftercallsetup.Inthis message,MSClassmark3isincluded,inwhichtheMulti-RATcapabilitiesofthemobileare described.

4.2SystemInformation
TheUTRANcellstobemonitoredforintersystemcellreselectionaredefinedinthe3G neighbouringcelllistbroadcastonBCCH(SystemInformationType2quater).IfalsoaPBCCH exists,the3GneighbouringcelllistisbroadcastonPBCCH(PacketSystemInformationType 3quater).The3Gneighbouringcelllistmaycontainupto64UTRANneighbours. TheSI2quaterandPSI3quatermessagesareonlybroadcastifanyUTRANneighbouring cellsexistandtheexchangepropertyCOEXUMTSissettoON.

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SI2quatermaybesentoneitherBCCHnormalorBCCHextended(seeReference[12]).If notallinformationfitsintooneSI2quatermessage,theremaininginformationwillbesentin otherinstancesofthismessage. WhenSI2quaterissent,AGBLKisrecommendedtobesetto1inthefollowingcases: SI2bisandSI2teraresent. GPRS/EGPRSisactiveandSI2bisissent. GPRS/EGPRSisactiveandSI2terissent. ThisisbecauseSystemInformation2quaterwillsharethesameresourcesasSystem Information13and/orSystemInformation2teronBCCHnormalimplyinglongercyclefor theseSystemInformationtobebroadcast.Thiscouldimpactcellselection/reselection performance.WhenAGBLK=1,eitherSI2quaterorSystemInformation13areplacedon BCCHextendedintheabovecases.However,useofBCCHextendedimpliesreductionofthe pagingcapacitysinceBCCHextendedsharestheresourcewithPCHandAGCH,seefurther Reference[2].

4.3CellReselectiontoUMTS
4.3.1 Camping Strategy for a Combined WCDMA/GSM Network

Thechoiceofsystemforidlemodecampingisimportant.TheMulti-RATMSshouldcampon thesystemwhereitisexpectedtosetupitsservicesandwhereitwillbepaged.Inorderfor theMulti-RATMStobeabletoaccessUTRANspecificservicesitneedtocamponUTRAN. Therecommendedstrategyistherefore: | camponUTRANwheneverthereisUTRANcoverage. OutsideUTRANcoveragetheMulti-RATMSwillcamponGSM,togetaccesstostandardGSM services.OnceaUTRANcellisselected/reselectedtheparametersettinginUTRANshouldtry tokeeptheUEinUTRANaslongasthequalityandreceivedsignalstrengthoftheUTRANcell isgoodenough. TheGSMparametersettingsrecommendedinthisengineeringguidelineenablethecamping strategydescribedabove. 4.3.2 Cell Selection

ItistheinitialprocessofthePLMNselectionthatdecideswhatPLMNwillbechoseninitially. ThisprocesswilldependontheMStype,aswellasbothoperatorcontrollableanduser controllabledatastoredontheSIMcard,suchaspreferredPLMNandRAT(seeSection 3.3.1andReference[10]).Thattypeofdatacannotbecontrolledbythecellreselection parameters,assentbytheGSMnetworkinsysteminformationmessages. 4.3.3 Cell Reselection to UMTS

ItisimportanttocoordinatetheparametersinGSMandUTRANtoachievethewantedinter RATcellreselectionbehaviourandthusasmoothco-existence.Forextensiveinformationon thecellreselectionalgorithmfromUTRANtoGSMandcorrespondingparameters,parameter rangesanddefaultvalues,seeReference[15]. Therecommendedcellreselectionparametersettinginthefollowingsubchaptersare coordinatedwiththecorrespondingparameterrecommendationsforUTRANtoGSMcell reselectionfoundinReference[15].

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4.3.3.1MeasurementsonUTRANNeighbouringCells TheparameterQSIcontrolswhenthemulti-RATMSshallperformmeasurementsonUTRAN neighbouringcells. ToenablecellreselectiontoUTRANinareaswithgoodGSMcoverageitisnecessaryto measureonUTRANalsowhenGSMcoverageisgood.TherecommendationisthatGSMcells thathaveUTRANneighbourcellsshouldhavetheQSIvaluesettoalways. 4.3.3.2CellReselectionAlgorithm WhenanMSisinNC0orNC1mode,thealgorithmforcellreselectionfromGSMtoWCDMAis controlledwiththeparametersFDDQMINandFDDQOFF.FDDQMINdefinestheminimum qualityoftheaWCDMAcellforcellreselection,measuredinCPICHEc/No.Thisparameteris usedtoassureasufficientqualityofthecandidateWCDMAcell.FDDQOFFsetsanoffset, positiveornegative,betweensignalqualityofGSMcellsandthedefinedWCDMAneighbours. Thecellreselectioncriteriaare: CPICHEc/No>FDDQMIN and (2) (1)

CPICHRSCP>RLA(s+n)+FDDQOFF

WhereRLA(s+n)istheaveragedreceivedsignallevel[dBm]forboththeservingGSMcelland itsstrongestGSMneighbours. Foramulti-RATMSjustenteredGSMaping-pongbacktoUTRANisprohibitedbyatimer. Themulti-RATMSmustfulfilthetwocellreselectioncriteriaaboveforaperiodof5seconds afterthecellreselectiontoGSMandanadditionaloffsetof5dBwillbeaddedtoFDDQOFF during15seconds. ToachievethepreferredcampingbehaviourtheMulti-RATMSshouldcamponUTRANwhen thereisUTRANcoverage.ThismeansthatanegativevaluemustbesetforFDDQOFFifcell reselectionshallbepossiblewhenGSMcoverageisgood.Adrawbackwouldbethatcell reselectiontoaweakUTRANcellcouldbemadewhenGSMcoverageisgood.Usingahigher settingofFDDQMINpreventssucheffect.AsettingofFDDQMINasbelow, FDDQMIN>qQualMin+sRatSearch+ahysteresis, preventsthemulti-RATMSfrommakingcellreselectiontoaweakUTRANcell.This FDDQMINparametersettingwillalsomakesurethatthemulti-RATMSwillnotstartto measureontheGSMcellsimmediatelyincasetheMShasmadeacellreselectiontoUTRAN. qQualMinandsRatSearcharetheUTRANparametersthatdefinetheminimumqualitylevel thatisrequiredforaUTRANcellandatwhichpointthemeasurementonGSMcellsshall start,seeReference[15].ItshallbenotedthattheqQualMinandsRatSearchparametersare relatedtotheidlemode,Cell_FachstateandURA_PCHstateinWCDMA.Anothercaseisifa packettransferisongoingandifthepackettransferisgoingtocontinueusingadedicated channelontheWCDMAside.AsettingofFDDQMINasbelow, FDDQMIN>usedFreqThresh2dEcno+ahysteresis preventsthemulti-RATMSfromstartingmeasurementsonGSMcellsimmediatelyincasethe MShasmadeacellreselectiontoWCDMAandendeduponadedicatedchannelinWCDMA. TherecommendedparametersettingofFDDQMINandFDDQOFFarethefollowing: FDDQMIN=-10dB

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FDDQOFF=-inf Thisparametersettingwillgiveacellreselectionalgorithmthatbasisthecellreselectionon thequalityoftheUTRANcellonly,thissincethecellreselectioncriteria2abovewillbe fulfilledforallUTRANneighbours. 4.3.3.3CombinedCellReselectionTriggeringGSMtoWCDMA Multi-RATmobilesthatsupportRSCPevaluationbeforetriggeringacellreselectionto WCDMA,willevaluateUTRANcellsaccordingtocellreslectioncriteria(2),(3)and(4)below: CPICHRSCP>RLA(s+n)+FDDQOFF CPICHEc/No>FDDQMIN - FDDQMINOFF and (4) (2) (3)

CPICHRSCP>FDDRSCPMIN-min((P_MAX-21), 3dB)

TherecommendedsettingsofFDDQOFFandFDDQMINareasdescribedinSection4.3.3.2. TheparameterFDDQMINOFFhasapositivevalueandwilldecreasetheminimaldownlink qualityCPICHEc/N0requiredforacellreselectiontotheUTRANcellandwiththesame argumentsasinSection4.3.3.2,thefollowingsettingisrecommendedforFDDQMINOFFin combinationwithFDDQMIN: FDDQMIN - FDDQMINOFF>qQualMin+sRatSearch+ahysteresis DuetotherecommendedsettingofqQualMInandsRATSearch,FDDQMINOFFcaneither takethevale0or2dBandtherecommendedsettingofFDDQMINOFFis: FDDQMINOFF=0dB. TheabsoluteminimumCPICHRSCPvaluetoreselectaUTRANcellisgivenbytheselection parameterqRxLevMininUTRAN.AsettingofFDDRSCPMINasbelow, FDDRSCPMIN>qRxLevMin+sHcsRat+ahysteresis preventsthemulti-RATmobiletotriggerareselectiontoaweakUTRANcell.This FDDRSCPMINparametersettingwillalsomakesurethatthemulti-RATMSwillnotstartto measureontheGSMcellsimmediatelyincasetheMShasmadeacellreselectiontoUTRAN. qRxLevMinandsHcsRataretheUTRANparametersthatdefinetheminimum | signal strength | (CPICHRSCP)thatisrequiredforaUTRANcellandatwhichpointthe measurementonGSMcellsshallstart,seeReference[15]. ItshallbenotedthattheqRxLevMinandSHcsRatparametesarerelatedtotheidlemodeand theCellFachstateinWCDMA.Anothercaseisifapackettransferisongoingandifthe packettransferisgoingtocontinueusingadedicatedchannelontheWCDMAside.Asetting ofFDDRSCPMINasbelow, FDDRSCPMIN>usedFreqThresh2dRscp+ahysteresis TherecommendedsettingofFDDRSCPminis: FDDRSCPMIN= | 102dBm

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Notethatforamobilewiththemaximumoutputpowerof21dBm,thecellreselectionwillbe performedatthislevelbutforamobilewiththemaximumpoweroutputof24dBm,thecell reselectionwillbeperformedat | 105dBm. 4.3.3.4OptimizedthroughputatGSMtoWCDMACellChange SincethisfeatureisbasedonNC2,itisimportantthattheparametersforNC2areconfigured properlytothenetwork,seeReference[3]. 4.3.4 Cell Reselection from UMTS to GSM

ForinformationoncellreselectionfromUTRANtoGSMandcorrespondingparameters, ranges,anddefaultvalues,seeReference[15].

4.4Intersystemcellselectionaftercallrelease
WhenthereisnoActiveUTRANMeasurementFrequencyListdefined,thereisariskthatthe mobilewillbere-directedtoWCDMAeventhoughthereisnoWCDMAcoverage.Themobile willthenunsuccessfullysearchforWCDMAcellsandafterawhileselectaGSMcell.Insucha case,thePagingoutagetimewillinsteadincrease.Thereforeitisrecommendedtouse commandRLRWEtoturnoffthefeatureinGSMcellswheretheUTRANcoverageispoorand whennoActiveUTRANMeasurementFrequencyListhasbeenconfigured. Iftheparameter QSIissetto15(=never),meaningthatmobileshouldnotmeasureon WCDMAcellswhileinidlemode,itisrecommendedtoturnoffthefeature(command RLRWE)intheGSMcellinordertonotrequestthemobiletoselectaWCDMAcellaftercall release. IfashorterpacketdatatransfertimehashigherprioritythanashorterPagingoutagetime, theparameterFASTRET3GNC2shouldbesetto1(=no-redirect)sothatthemobileisnot requestedtoselectaWCDMAcellwhenthefeatureOptimizedthroughputatGSMtoWCDMA CellChangeisactiveandaCSconnectionofaDTMcallisreleased.

4.5InterSystemHandover
4.5.1 General

ItisimportanttocoordinatetheparametersinGSMandUTRANtoachievethewantedinter systemhandoverbehaviourandthusasmoothco-existence.Therecommendedhandover parametersettinginthefollowingsubchapteriscoordinatedwiththecorrespondingUTRAN handoverparametersettingfoundinReference[16]. 4.5.2 Handover to UTRAN

Thefollowinghandoverparametersettingisrecommended: 1.SPRIO=Yes,motivation:securethatMulti-RATmobileshaveenoughtimefor3G measurementsalsoforthecasethentheMulti-RATmobileisbusywithmeasurementon GMSneighbours. 2.FDDMRR=1incasetheGSMcellhasGSMneighboursindifferentGSMbands(thatis, GSM900and1800band),motivation:minimizetheimpactonthemeasurementofGSM neighbours. FDDMRR=2incasetheGSMcellhasneighbourswithinoneGSMband.Motivation: minimizeimpactonGSMmeasurementsbutallowmore3Gneighbourstobereported comparedtothecaseabove.

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3.QSC/ISHOLEV(alternative1,GSMusedtoextendUTRANcoverageandoff-loadGSM systematcertaintrafficloadthreshold): SetQSC=7(always)orQSC=8(above-78dBm)forUTRANcellco-sitedwithGSMcell.Set ISHOLEV=wantedtrafficloadatwhichthehandoverUTRANshallstart. 4.QSC/ISHOLEV(alternative2,GSMusedtoextendUTRANcoverage): SetQSC=7(always)orQSC=8(above-78dBm)forUTRANcellco-sitedwithGSMcell.Set ISHOLEV=99. 5.QSC/ISHOLEV(alternative3,GSMtobeextendedwithUTRANcoverage): SetQSC=1(below-94dBm)SetISHOLEV=99. 6. QSCI=1(always). 7.MRSL=30(-9dB)Motivation:thevalueoftheMRSLparametershallbesetsothata handovertoUTRANisnotimmediatelyfollowedbya | ping-pong"handoverbacktoGSM andtoavoidstartingGSMmeasurementsdirectlywhenenteringUTRAN.Thisisachievedif theMRSLparameterhasthefollowingrelationtotheUTRANparameter usedFreqThresh2dEcno: MRSL>usedFreqThresh2dEcno+ahysteresis. Thesettingto-9dBfulfillstherelationsaboveusingthedefaultsettingoftheUTRAN parameterusedFreqThresh2dEcno. TheUTRANparameterusedFreqThresh2decno definestheEc/Nothresholdwhenstarting tomeasureonGSMcells. UTRANmayalsostartmeasurementsifmeasuredCPICHRSCP,whichisameasureofthe downlinksignalstrength,isbelowUsedFreqThresh2dRscp.Sinceitmayaccurthatthe measuredsignalqualityCPICHECN0isgoodbutthesignalstrengthweak,therecommended MRSLsettingabovemayhavetobeadjustedtoahighervaluetopreventping-pong handovers. Theevent3aisusedinUTRANtotriggertheexecutionofahandoverfromUTRANtoGSM, forfurtherinformationseeReference[16].Themeasurementevent3aisdefinedasfollows: theestimatedqualityofthecurrentlyusedUTRANfrequencyisbelowacertainthresholdand theestimatedqualityoftheGSMsystemisaboveacertainthresholdinthesametime interval. 4.5.3 Combined Handover Triggering GSM to WCDMA

InadditiontotherecommendedparametersettinginSection4.5.2thefollowingparameter settingsarerecommended: 1.FDDREPTHR2=16(-100dBm).Motivation:thevalueoftheFDDREPTRH2parameter shallbesetsothatahandovertoUTRANisnotimmediatelyfollowedbya | ping-pong | handoverbacktoGSMandtoavoidstartingGSMmeasurementsdirectlywhenentering UTRAN.ThisisachievediftheFDDREPTHR2parameterhasthefollowingrelationtothe UTRANparameterusedFreqThresh2dRscp: FDDREPTHR2>usedFreqThresh2dRscp+ahysteresis. Therecommendedsettingto-100dBmfulfillstherelationsaboveusingthedefaultsettingof theUTRANparameterusedFreqThresh2dRscp. TheUTRANparameterusedFreqThresh2dRscpdefinestheCPICHRSCPthresholdwhen startingtomeasureonGSMcells.

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4.5.4

Handover to GSM

ForfurtherinformationregardingthehandoveralgorithmfromUTRANtoGSM,seeReference [16]. 4.5.5 Smooth GSM to WCDMA Unloading

Thefollowingparametersettingsarerecommended: MAXISHO=2,Motivation:therateatwhichloadvariesinacellpersecondisnormally relatedtothecellsize.Assumingacellwith20channelsandameanholdingtimeof90 seconds,callsareinaveragesetupwitharateof20calls/90s,thatis,lessthanonecallper second.Therefore,tokeeptheloadlevelclosetoISHOLEV,alimitationof2handoversper secondshouldbesufficient.Notethataslongastherearemulti-RATMSsinthecell,theload willvaryaroundthevaluesetbyISHOLEV.

5Parameters
5.1General
ThefeatureGSM-UMTSCellReselectionandHandoverisactivatedperBSCwiththe exchangepropertyCOEXUMTS.InadditionthefeaturesCombinedCellReselection TriggeringGSMtoWCDMAandCombinedHandoverTriggeringGSMtoWCDMAcanbe activatedwiththisexchangeproperty. ThefeatureHandoverwithUsageofServiceIndicatorisactivatedperBSCwiththeexchange propertySBHOACTIVE. ThefeatureSmoothGSMtoWCDMAUnloadingisactivatedperBSCwiththeexchange propertyCOEXUMTSLSH. UTRANFDDneighbouringcellsareidentifiedwithafrequencyandscramblingcode combination.Inidlemode,themeasurementfrequency(MFDDARFCN)andscramblingcode MSCRCODEfortheneighbouringUTRANcellsaredefinedwithintheparameterUMFI.This parameterisalsousedtodefineifdiversityisappliedornotforanUTRANcell.Upto64 UTRANneighbouringcellsmaybedefinedperGSMcell.Inactivemode,withinthedefinition ofneighbouringcellrelations,severalparametersaredefiningoneneighbouringUTRANcell: RadioFrequencyChannelNumber(FDDARFCN),ScramblingCode(SCRCODE),CellIdentity (UTRANID)andtheMinimumReportedSignalLevelforCPICHEc/No(MRSL).UTRANID consistsoftheRNCIdentity(RNCID),CellIdentitywithintheRNC(CI),MCC,MNCand LAC. ThefeatureNC2isactivatedpercellusingthecommandRLNMI.TheNC2profileisselected viatheparameterNCPROF.

5.2MainControllingParameters
5.2.1 Feature Controlling Parameters isusedtoenablethefeaturesGSM-UMTSCellReselectionandHandover, CombinedCellReselectionTriggeringandCombinedHandoverTriggering GSMtoWCDMA.TheparameterisaBSCexchangeproperty. 0OFF;GSM-UMTSCellReselectionandHandoverandCombinedCell ReselectionTriggeringGSMtoWCDMAarenotactivated. 1ON;GSM-UMTSCellReselectionandHandoverisactivated

COEXUMTS

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2ONADDINFO;GSM-UMTSCellReselectionandHandoverandCombined CellReselectionTriggeringGSMtoWCDMAareactivated 3ONADDINFO;GSM-UMTSCellReselectionandHandoverandCombined HandoverTriggeringGSMtoWCDMAareactivated 4ONADDINFO;GSM-UMTSCellReselectionandHandover,CombinedCell ReselectionTriggeringGSMtoWCDMAandCombinedHandoverTriggering GSMtoWCDMAareactivated COEXUMTSLSH isusedtodetermineifrejectionofincominghandoversfromUTRANand limitationofthenumberofoutgoinghandoverstoUTRANduetoloadin GSMisallowed(=ON)ornot(=OFF)intheBSC.TheparameterisaBSC exchangeproperty. 0OFF 1ON FASTRET3G showstheactivationstatusofthefeatureFastReturntoWCDMAafterCall Release(activated/deactivated/printedwiththecommands RLRWI/RLRWE/RLRWP). Active Inactive FASTRET3GNC2 controlswhethertoredirectDTMcallsaftercallreleasewhenthefeature OptimizedthroughputatGSMtoWCDMACellChangeisactive.The parameterisaBSCexchangeproperty. 0re-direct 1donotre-direct NCPROF indicateswhichNC2profileistobeactivatedinacellwhenanMSisin NC2mode.Thedefaultvalueis1whichactivatesthefeatureOptimized throughputatGSMtoWCDMACellChange.Thevaluerangeis1 | 255, where2 | 255areundefined. isusedtodetermineifhandoverwithusageofServiceIndicatorisallowed (=ON)ornot(=OFF)intheBSC.TheparameterisaBSCexchange property. 0OFF 1ON

SBHOACTIVE

5.2.2

Parameters for Inter System Cell Reselection to UMTS definestheminimumthresholdforthe | quality | measureEc/Noforcell reselectiontoUTRAN.ThisparameterisdefinedperGSMcellandappliesfor allitsUTRANneighbours.

FDDQMIN

FDDQMINOFF definesanoffsettothethresholdFDDQMIN.Thisparameterisdefinedper GSMcellandappliesforallitsUTRANneighbours.

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FDDQOFF

definestheminimumthresholdforthe | quality | measureEc/Noforcell reselectiontoUTRAN.ThisparameterisdefinedperGSMcellandappliesfor allitsUTRANneighbours.

FDDRSCPMIN definestheminimumthresholdforthe | signalstrength | measure CPICHRSCPforcellreselectiontoUTRAN.Thisparameterisdefinedper GSMcellandappliesforallitsUTRANneighbours. QSI definesifthemonitoringofUMTScellswillbeperformedifthesignallevelis below(0-6)orabovethethreshold(8-14),always(7)ornever(15).This parameterisdefinedperGSMcell. (MFDDARFCN-MSCRCODE-DIVERSITY)definesthefrequency,scrambling codeanddiversityinformationforaUTRANneighbouringcell. MFDDARFCNindicatestheabsoluteRFchannelnumberoftheneighbouring UTRANcelltobemeasuredonbyMulti-RATMSs.Severalfrequencybands existandtheabsoluteRFchannelnumberrepresentsthecenterfrequency withinthefrequencyband.AllowedfrequencybandsandabsoluteRF channelnumbersaredescribedindetailinReference[13]. MSCRCODEisthescramblingcodefortheneighbouringcell.Thescrambling codehas512values. DIVERSITYindicatesifdiversityisappliedfortheUTRANcell,ornot. ThisparameterisdefinedperGSMcell.

UMFI

5.2.3

Parameters for Inter System Handover to UMTS

COEXUMTSTINT isusedtocontrolthetimeintervalbetweentrafficloadchecking.This parameterisaBSCexchangeproperty. FDDARFCN indicatestheabsoluteRFchannelnumberoftheneighbouringUTRANcell inGSMactivemode.SeveralfrequencybandsexistandtheabsoluteRF channelnumberrepresentsthecenterfrequencywithinthefrequency band.AllowedfrequencybandsandabsoluteRFchannelnumbersare describedindetailinReference[13].ThisparameterisdefinedperUTRAN cell. definesthenumberofUTRANcellsthatthemobileshouldincludein measurementreports.ForadetaileddescriptionseeSection3.3.4.2.This parameterisdefinedperGSMcell. definesthetrafficloadthresholdoftheservingGSMcellthatneedstobe exceededinordertoevaluateUMTSmeasurementsforhandovers.This parameterisdefinedperGSMcell. definesthemaximumnumberofallowedhandoverstotriggertoUTRAN persecond.Onlyhandoversthataretriggeredbecauseoftrafficloadin theGSMcellarecountedorlimited.ThisparameterisdefinedperGSM cell. definesaminimumthresholdforthe"quality"measureEc/Nofor handoverstoUTRAN.ThisparameterisdefinedperUTRANcell.

FDDMRR

ISHOLEV

MAXISHO

MRSL FDDREPTHR2

definesathresholdforthenonreported | signalstrength | measure CPICHRSCPofUTRANcells.TheMSincludesaUTRANcellinthe measurementreportsonlyifthenonreportingthresholdisexceeded.It shallbenotedthatthereportingentityinthemeasurementreportsis CPICEc/No.ThisparameterisdefinedperGSMcell.

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SCRCODE

isthescramblingcodefortheneighbouringUTRANcellinactivemode. Thescramblingcodehas512combinations.Thisparameterisdefinedper UTRANcell. indicatesif3GcellsmaybesearchedwhenBSICdecodingisrequired. ThisparameterisdefinedperGSMcell.

SPRIO UTRANID

UTRANIDpresenttheIdentityoftheneighbouringUTRANcellinactive mode.ItconsistsoftheRNCIdentity(RNCID),CellIdentitywithinthe RNC(CI),MCC,MNCandLAC.ThisparameterisdefinedperUTRANcell. definesifthemonitoringofUMTScellswillbeperformedifthesignallevel isbelow(0-6)orabovethethreshold(8-14).always(7)ornever(15). ThisparameterisdefinedperGSMcell. definesthecontrolofUTRANmeasurementafterenteringactivemode, beforereadingthefirstQSC.InthatperiodUTRANmeasurementscan alwaysbeperformed(=1)oraccordingtoQSIvalue(=0).Thisparameter isdefinedperGSMcell. GPRSPRIOisaBSCcellparameterthatcontrolswhetheron-demand PDCHsshallberegardedasidleorbusywhentrafficload(percentageof idlechannels)iscalculatedinthecell(seeparameterdescriptionin Reference[7]).

QSC

QSCI

GPRSPRIO

5.3ValueRangesandDefaultsValues
Table3FeatureControllingParameters

Parameter name

Default value 0(OFF)

Recommended Value range value 0(OFF),1(ON),2 (ONADDINFO),3 (ONADDINFO),4 (ONADDINFO) 0(OFF),1(ON) 0(re-direct) 1(donotre-direct)

Unit

COEXUMTS

COEXUMTSLSH FASTRET3GNC2

0(OFF) 0(redirect)

SBHOACTIVE NCPROF

0(OFF) 1

0(OFF),1(ON) 1(Optimizedthroughputat GSMtoWCDMACellChange) Values2 | 255are undefined.

Table4ParametersforInterSystemCellReselectiontoUMTS

Parameter name

Default value

Recommended value

Value range

Unit

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UMFI(MFDDARFCN- MSCRCODE- DIVERSITY) FDDQMIN

MFDDARFCN:0to16383 MSCRCODE:0to511 DIVERSITY:DIV,NODIV 0to7(-20dB,-6dB,-18dB,8dB,-16dB,-10dB,-14dB,12dB) 0to7(0to14dBinstepsof 2dB) 0to15(-inf,-28dBto +28dBinstepsof4dB) 0to15(-114dBmto | 84 dBminstepsof2dBm) 0to6(below-98dBmto74dBminstepsof4dBm)7 (always)8to14(above78dBmto-54dBminstepsof 4dBm)15(never)

0(-20dB)

5(-10dB)

dB

FDDQMINOFF

0(0dB)

0(0dB)

dB

FDDQOFF

8(0dB)

0(-inf)

dB

FDDRSCPMIN

6(-102 dBm) 15(never)

6(-102dBm)

dBm

QSI

7(always)

dBm

Table5ParametersforInterSystemHandovertoUMTS

Parameter name

Default value 1000 -

Recommended value 1000 -

Value range

Unit

COEXUMTSTINT FDDARCN SCRCODE UTRANID(RNCID-CIMCC-MNC-LAC) MRSL

100to1000 0to16383 0to511 RNCID:0to4095CI:0to 65535MCCMNCLAC 0to49 (0:MRSL<-24dB 1:-24dB<=MRSL<23.5dB 2:-23.5dB<=MRSL<23dB ................... 48:-0.5dB<=MRSL<0dB

ms

30(-9dB)

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49:0dB<=MRSL ) ISHOLEV FDDREPTHR2 20 0 (disabled) SeeSection4.5.2 16(-100dBm) 0to99 0to63 0disabled 1-115dBm 2-114dBm . . 62-54dBm 63-53dBm FDDMRR 0 1or2(forfurther detailsseeSection 4.5.2) SeeSection4.5.2 0to3 %

QSC

15(never)

0to6(below-98dBmto74dBminstepsof4dBm)7 (always)8to14(above78dBmto-54dBminsteps of4dBm)15(never) 0(QSI),1(always) 1to100 YES,NO

QSCI MAXISHO SPRIO

0 2 -

1(always) 2 YES

6Concepts
Access Technology Active Mode GSMorUMTS Inactivemode,themobilestationisallocateddedicated channels.ItlistenstotheSACCH. CPICHEc/Noisthereceivedenergyperchiponthe CommonPilotChannel(CPICH)dividedbythepower densityintheband.Thisquantitymeasuresthequalityof theneighbouringUTRANcells(roughlycomparabletoa signaltonoiseratiomeasure).

CPICH Ec/No

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GSM Candidate List

Alistofcandidatesforhandover,asaresultoftheGSM partofthelocatingalgorithm.Byaddingthe UMTSneighboursonthetop,afinallistiscreated. AMulti-RATMSmeasuresReceivedSignalCodePoweron neighbouringUTRANcellsinordertoevaluateintersystem cellreselectioncandidates.RSCPistheaveragepowerof thereceivedsignalafterdespreadingandcombining. ThePLMNwheretheMCCandMNCofthePLMN identitymatchtheMCCandMNCoftheIMSI. Inthismode,themobilestationisnotallocatedany dedicatedchannel.ItlistenstotheCCCHandtheBCCH.

CPICH RSCP

Home PLMN

Idle Mode

Inter System Cell Reselection Cellreselectionbetweennetworksusingdifferentradio access,forexampleGSMandUMTS. Multi-RAT MS UserequipmentthatcanobtainservicefromGSMandone ormoredifferentRATssuchasUMTS. APDCHwhichissetupandreleaseddynamicallydepending ontheneedforpacketdatatrafficinthecell.ANondemandPDCHmaybePDCHpre-empted. ThePagingOutageTimeisreferredtoasthetimewhenan MScannotbereachedbyapagingmessage SysteminformationmessageonPBCCHusedbyMulti-RAT MSsinGPRS/EGPRSReadyandStandbystates. Inthismode(onlyapplicableformobilestationssupporting GPRS/EGPRS),mobilestationisnotallocatedany radioresourceonapacketdataphysicalchannel.Itlistens tothePBCCHandPCCCHor,ifthenetworkdoesnot providethose,totheBCCHandtheCCCH. Inthismode(onlyapplicableformobilestationssupporting GPRS/EGPRS),themobilestationisallocatedradioresource ononeormorepacketdataphysicalchannels. AfullrateTCHordualrateTCHintheCSdomainthatis allocatedbythePSdomaintocarryGPRS/EGPRStraffic. ThePLMNtowhichLocationRegistrationhasbeen performed. TheServiceIndicatorisaBSSinternalparameterthat indicateswhethertheMSChasanypreferenceoninwhich

On-demand PDCH

Paging outage time

PSI 3quater

Packet Idle Mode

Packet Transfer Mode

PDCH

Registered PLMN

Service Indicator

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system,GSMorWCDMA,aCSconnectionshallbeserved. ItwillhavethevalueasreceivedintheInformation Element | ServiceHandover | intheBBSMAP messagesHandoverRequestandAssignmentRequestor thevalue | nopreference | iftheMSChasomittedthe InformationElement | ServiceHandover | .The | ServiceHandover | InformationElementmayhave thevalues | HandovertoUTRANshouldbe performed | , | HandovertoUTRANshouldnotbe performed | or | HandovertoUTRANshallnotbe performed | SI 2quater SystemInformationmessageonBCCHusedbyMulti-RAT MSsinidlemodeandGPRS/EGPRSReadyandStandby mode. Urgencyhandoverisahandovertriggeredbecausean urgencycriteriaisfulfilledintheservingGSMcell.The urgencycriteriamaybeduetolargetimingadvance,bad downlinkqualityorbaduplinkquality. UTRANhastwomodes,FDDandTDD,foroperatingwith pairedorunpairedbandsrespectively.FDDisaduplex methodwherebyuplinkanddownlinktransmissionsusetwo separatedradiofrequencies.

Urgency Handover

UTRAN FDD

Glossary
BA BCCHAllocation BCCH BroadcastControlChannel BSC BaseStationController CPICH CommonPilotChannel CS CircuitSwitched EGPRS EnhancedGPRS FDD FrequencyDivisionDuplex GPRS GeneralPacketRadioService

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GSM GlobalSystemforMobilecommunication IMSI InternationalMobileSubscriberIdentity LA LocationArea LAC LocationAreaCode LAI LocationAreaIdentity MCC MobileCountryCode MNC MobileNetworkCode MS MobileStation NCC NetworkColorCode PBCCH PacketBroadcastControlChannel PDCH PacketDataChannel PLMN PublicLandMobileNetwork PS PacketSwitched RA RoutingArea RAT RadioAccessTechnology RLA_C ReceivedLevelAverage(circuitswitched) RLA_P ReceivedLevelAverage(packetswitched) RNC RadioNetworkController

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RSCP ReceivedSignalCodePower SACCH SlowAssociatedControlChannel SIM SubscriberIdentityModule UMTS UniversalMobileTelecommunicationsSystem UTRAN UMTSRadioAccessNetwork WCDMA WidebandCodeDivisionMultipleAccess

ReferenceList
EricssonDocuments
[1]UserDescription,EnhancedMulti-LevelPrecedenceandPre-emptionService,(User Description) [2]UserDescription,IdleModeBehaviour,(UserDescription) [3]UserDescription,GPRS/EGPRSCellReselection,(UserDescription) [4]UserDescription,Locating,(UserDescription) [5]UserDescription,DoubleBALists,(UserDescription) [6]UserDescription,MultibandOperation,(UserDescription) [7]UserDescription,ChannelAdministration,(UserDescription)

Standards
[8]3GPPTS45.008,(GSMSpecification) [9]3GPPTS23.060,(GSMSpecification) [10]3GPPTS23.122,(GSMSpecification) [11]3GPPTS25.304,(GSMSpecification) [12]3GPPTS45.002,(GSMSpecification) [13]3GPPTS25.101,(GSMSpecification) [14]3GPPTS44.060,(GSMSpecification)

WCDMAUserDescriptions
[15]UserDescription,IdleModeBehaviourandConnectedModeBehaviourincell_FACH state,(UserDescription) [16]UserDescription,WCDMARANHandover,(UserDescription)

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