Flocculation was used for: 1)increasing removal suspended solid and BOD in primary settling facilities 2) The efficiency

of CEPT, in terms of BOD or COD removal, depends on wastewater ch aracteristics. With CEPT, one can expect to remove particulate components, toget her with some portion of the colloidal components. Therefore, with such a wastew ater, it is feasible to achieve removals of more than: 95-percent TSS; 65-percen t COD; 50-percent BOD; 20-percent nitrogen; and 95-percent phosphorus. In practi ce, removals may be lower or higher: for example, in warmer climates, with large r collection systems, and relatively flat sewers, one would expect a higher degr ee of hydrolysis of particulate matter resulting in higher soluble fractions, an d lower overall removals with CEPT. On the other hand, if the collection system is relatively small, the climate is cold, and wastewater is relatively fresh, th ere may be a higher proportion of particulate material, and CEPT removals could be higher. Staged coagulation-flocculation can enhance CEPT performance. For example, at pr imary clarifier overflow rates of over 6 m/h (3,600 gpd/ft2) during peak flow tr eatment, TSS and BOD removals of 80 to 95%, and 58 to 68% were achieved, respect ively, using 60 mg/l ferric chloride, followed by 15 mg/l polyaluminum chloride, followed by 0.5 mg/l anionic polymer. The total reaction time from the point of ferric chloride addition to entering the primary clarifiers was approximately 8 minutes at peak flow.