Digestive System Animal Comparison for Evolution Chapters 25 28, 35

All living organisms require food for various reasons. The necessity of food is due to satisfying three basic needs: fuel for cellular work in the body, organic materials used in biosynthesis (carbon skeletons), and essential nutrients, which are substances which an animal cannot make on its own. ATP used in res iration requires energy, which comes from carbohydrates, fats, and roteins. All animals need ATP in order to survive, and therefore must digest food in order to obtain this energy. The ada tations of animals over many years has caused there to be three different ty es of dietary categories: herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. All animals fit into these categories, and the same goes for the means of ingestion. !us ension"feeders, substrate"feeders, de osit"feeders, fluid"feeders, and bulk" feeders are the main grou s of animal mechanisms for which they in#est food. Animals have ad#usted to fit into these different categories over time due to their environment and living conditions. $ertain animals may need more rotein to live, de ending on how or where they are living. %thers may need different ty es of vitamins. This is e&actly why there is a diverse and vast number of digestive systems which coordinate with individual animals. The digestive system includes four main 'stages' of food rocessing: ingestion, digestion, absor tion, and elimination. All organisms must artake in these stages of digestion in order to fully rocess their food into energy. (igestion occurs in all different animals. )et, they are all unified with the fact that digestion occurs in s eciali*ed com artments within the organism. %rganisms could have intracellular digestion or e&tracellular digestion, but both contain a digestive com artment to kee the en*ymes from going to other arts of the body. +ost all animals similarly have com lete digestive tracts, which are a series of tubes making somewhat of a ' athway' through the body.

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