Mutual intelligibility The term mutual intelligibility is often used to distinguish language from dialect.

If two speakers are able to understand each other, then they are said to speak dialects of the same language. Mutual intelligibility is when speakers can understand each other without having to make an overly effort. Mutually intelligible languages possess very similar grammar, pronunciation, as well as vocabulary. On the other hand, if two speakers are unable to comprehend each other, then they are said to speak in two independent languages.

Communicative competence Communicative competence is not merely the ability to utter grammatically correct form of language but to also know when, where and to whom to use a particular form of language in order to interact well with others. Communicative competence is measured by determining to what degree the goals of interaction are achieved. In short, a communicative competence person is able to use the right register according to the situation.

Subtractive Bilingualism Subtractive bilingualism is a phenomenon when a person partially or completely losses his first language !"# when an !$ is ac%uired. Subtractive bilingualism happens due to several reasons such as the learners perceived his !" as low standard or is unnecessary for education. The negative effect of Subtractive bilingualism is that it leads to loss of cultural identity. It is the opposite of additive bilingualism in which an ac%uisition of !$ does not affect !" in any way.

Perlocutionary act &erlocutionary act is when a person's utterance can make another person do something or to change his mind. It affects someone else's thoughts, feelings as well as behaviours. It is the opposite of illocutionary act. The effect of perlocutionary act may defer from the intended meaning of illocutionary act. &erlocutionary act includes comforting, persuading, angering, and convincing.