BRAIN COMPUTER

INTERFACE

Presented by:

V.Lakshana
Regd. No.: 0601106040
Information Technology
CET, Bhubaneswar
Brain Computer Interface

from fiction

to reality ...
In the futuristic vision of the Wachowski brothers’ movie
trilogy “The Matrix”, humans dive into a virtual world by
connecting their brains directly to a computer……..

MOVIE FICTION:THE MATRIX

 OVERVIEW
Definition
General Principle
Background
Component
Simplified model of BCI
Training of BCI system
Current BCI approaches
EEG Based BCI
BCI for Tetraplegics
Brain controlled robots
Present Development and Future
Applications
BCI for Healthy Users
Advantages
Computational Challenges
Future Expansion
Conclusion
 DEFINITION

A Brain Computer
Interface (BCI) is a
collaboration in which
a brain accepts and
controls a mechanical
device as a natural part
of its representation of
the body.
 GENERAL PRINCIPLE

(a) (b) (c)

(a) In healthy subjects, primary motor area sends movement

commands to muscles via spinal cord.
(b) In paralyzed people this pathway is interrupted.
(c) Computer based decoder translates this activity into
commands for muscle control.
BACKGROUND
Signals from an array of
neurons read.
Cerebral electric activity
recorded.
Signals are amplified.
Transmitted to computer
Transformed to device
control commands.
Using computer chips and
programs.
Signals translated into
action.
 BASIC COMPONENTS

The implant device,

or chronic multi-
electrode array
The signal recording
and processing
section
An external device
the subject uses to
produce & control
motion
A feedback section to
the subject
 Implant Device
Conduct electricity
Biocompatible material(teflon)
Placed on the scalp
Chemically inert
Provide the electrical contact
between the skin and the EEG
recording apparatus AN ARRAY OF MICROELECTRODES

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE NEUROTROPHIC ELECTRODES FOR IMPLANTATION IN HUMAN PATIENTS

 Signal Processing Section
Multichannel Acquisition Systems
Spike Detection
SIMPLIFIED MODEL OF THE BCI SYSTEM
 BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR LEARNING MODE

TRAINING OF BCI SYSTEM

Two different approaches:

Pattern Recognition
Approach
Operant Conditioning
Approach

BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR LEARNING MODE

CURRENT BCI APPROACHES

BCI
APPROACHES

SEMI- NON-
INVASIVE INVASIVE
INVASIVE
 EEG Based BCI
Electroencephalography Band Frequency [Hz]

(EEG) is a method used in Delta 0.5- 4

measuring the electrical Theta 4- 8

Alpha 8- 13
activity of the brain. Beta 13- 22
The basic frequency of the Gamma 22-30

EEG range is classified

into five bands for
purposes of EEG analysis
called brain rhythms .
The alpha rhythm is one of
the principal components
of the EEG and is an
indicator of the state of
alertness of the brain.
 Development of BCI
Early work
Algorithms to reconstruct movements from motor cortex
neurons, which control movement were developed in 1970s.
The first Intra-Cortical Brain-Computer Interface was built by
implanting neurotrophiccone electrodes into monkeys.
After conducting initial studies in rats during the 1990s, researchers
developed Brain Computer Interfaces that decoded brain activity in
monkeys and used the devices to reproduce monkey movements in
robotic arms.

Present Developments
BCI for Tereaplegics
Brain controlled Robot
‘BRAINGATE’ BCI
ATR and HONDA’s new BCI
BCI2000
 BCI for Tetraplegics

6- channel EEG BCI used.

Sensory & motor cortices
activated during attempts.
Control scheme sends
movement intention to
Prosthetic Controller.
Prosthetic returns force
sensory information to
Controller.
Feedback processed and
grip is adjusted.
BRAIN CONTROLLED ROBOTS

Robot hand mimics subject’s

finger movements.
Signals extracted and
decoded by computer
program.
Transferred to hand shaped
robot.
To simulate original
movement performed.
Robot executes commands
using onboard sensor
readings.
 ‘BRAINGATE’ BCI

The ‘Braingate’ device can provide motor-impaired patients a

mode of communication through the translation of thought into
direct computer control.
FEATURES OF BRAINGATE BCI

Neural Interface Device.

Consists of signal sensor and
external processors.
Converts neural signals to output
signals.
Sensor consists of tiny chip with
electrode sensors.
Chip implanted on brain surface.
Cable connects sensor to external
signal processor.
Create communication o/p using
decoding software.
ATR & HONDA DEVELOP NEW BCI

BCI for manipulating

robots using brain signals.
Enables decoding natural
brain activity.
MRI based neural decoding.
No invasive incision of
head and Brain.
By tracking haemodynamic
responses in brain.
Accuracy of 85%
 BCI2000
BCI2000 is an open-source, general-
purpose system for BCI research.
It can also be used for data acquisition,
stimulus presentation, and brain
monitoring applications.
During operation, BCI2000 stores data
in a common format (BCI2000 native or
GDF).
BCI2000 also includes several tools for
data import or conversion and export
facilities into ASCII.
BCI2000 also facilitates interactions
with other software.
 BCI APPLICATIONS
Medical applications(restoration of a
communication channel for patients with locked-
in syndrome and the control of neuroprostheses
in patients affected by spinal cord injuries )
Military applications
Counter terrorism(10 times faster image search)
multimedia and virtual reality applications
 BCI FOR HEALTHY USERS

Induced disability.
Ease of use in hardware.
Ease of use in software.
Otherwise unavailable
information.
Improved training or
performance.
Confidentiality.
Speed.
Novelty.
 DRAWBACKS
EEGs measure tiny voltage potentials. The
signal is weak and prone to interference.
Each neuron is constantly sending and
receiving signals through a complex web
of connections. There are chemical
processes involved as well, which EEGs
can't pick up on.
The equipment heavy(~10 lbs.) & hence
not portable.
COMPUTATIONAL CHALLENGES
AND
FUTURE IMPLEMENTATIONS

Minimally invasive surgical methods.

Next generation Neuroprosthesis.
Vision prosthesis.
BCI for totally paralyzed.
Minimal number of calibration trials.
Development of telemetry chip to collect
data without external cables.
 CONCLUSION
A potential therapeutic tool.

BCI System is nominated for the

European ICT Grand Prize.

Potentially high impact technology.

 REFERENCES
www.howstuffworks.com
www.techalone.com
www.brainlab.org
Brain- computer –interface # Invasive-BCIs.
Berlin Brain- Computer Interface
Brain Computer Interface, www.wikipedia.org
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
www.betterhumans.com
Thank you