2719

Provide three examples of convincing evidence that children aren't simply small adults, and why separate diagnostic categories are necessary for children. List and describe five child and adolescent concerns and stressors.

2720

2721

Discuss the DSM-5 criteria for Separation Anxiety Disorder and Disruptive Mood Disregulation Disorder. Then, discuss the concerns and status regarding the diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder in children and adolescents. What are important criteria for differentiating oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder? Discuss three causes of conduct disorder. Lastly, discuss two treatment options for conduct disorder. Why has attention / deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) received a great amount of attention in recent years? What are the symptoms of ADHD that make it so troublesome? Whatforms of therapy are most effective? Lastly, discuss the Ritalin controversy in your answer. Discuss the features of both enuresis and encopresis. Then explain why we should be concerned with childhood disorders such as enuresis and encopresis? Provide data-backed reasons why these disorders need to be treated in childhood. Discuss the two different types of childhood abuse. Additionally, discuss three psychological effects from abuse. Lastly, discuss the early detection program used to address the psychological needs of the abused.

2722

2723

2724

2725

 2726 What are the distinguishing characteristics of autism spectrum disorder? Name and discuss three areas that offer explanations for the cause of autism spectrum disorder. Lastly, what forms of therapy are most effective? How are autism spectrum disorder and Asperger's disorder similar and how are they different? Discuss the recent revisions to DSM-5's diagnosis for Asperger's disorder. First, discuss how early assessment and treatment are important for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Then, discuss four ways to treat autism spectrum disorder? Describe four characteristics of a typical person for each of the four levels of intellectual developmental disorder. 2730 The fact that rates of mild intellectual developmental disorder vary considerably across socioeconomic groups (highest rates in lowest socioeconomic groups), while rates of other levels of intellectual developmental disorder do not, strongly implies that factors other than biological ones are at work in the development of mild intellectual developmental disorder. Discuss three nonbiological factors. What should psychologists suggest as appropriate interventions to lessen the incidence of mild intellectual developmental disorder in lower socioeconomic groups? What are the arguments for and against the institutionalization of those with moderate, severe, and profound levels of intellectual developmental disorder? Include three treatment possibilities in your answer.

2727

2728

2729

2731

2732

Discuss the opportunities for personal, social, and occupational growth for the mentally retarded, including work and love issues. The pattern of conduct disorder in which individuals display openly aggressive and confrontational behavior is called a(an) ______ pattern. overt-destructive (True Answer ) * Fifteen-year-old Glen has broken the law several times. He has even spent time in a juvenile detention center. The system is likely to label him a ______. juvenile delinquent, recidivist (True Answer ) * The disorder in which children attend very poorly to tasks, behave impulsively, and are excessively overactive is known as ______. attention / deficit hyperactivity disorder (True Answer ) * A young boy cannot sit still in his first-grade class. He does not seem to be able to follow what the teacher is doing, and his academic performance is not at grade level. Most of his time is spent in motion. He is displaying symptoms of ______. attention / deficit hyperactivity disorder (True Answer ) * The technical term for bed-wetting in children over the age of 5 is ______. enuresis (True Answer ) *

2733

2734

2735

2736

2737

2738

Your 8-year-old child wets the bed, accidentally, 20 times a month. He suffers from the elimination disorder called ______. enuresis (True Answer ) *

2739

Bed-wetting is more common than involuntary defecation, otherwise known as ______. encopresis (True Answer ) *

2740

Child abuse that includes severe rejection, excessive discipline, ridicule, and isolation is called______ abuse. psychological (True Answer ) *

2741

Ned's parents are always criticizing him and rarely pay any attention to him at other times. This is an example of ______ abuse. child or psychological (True Answer ) * When a child is used as an object of gratification for adult sexual desires, it is known as ______ abuse. child sexual (True Answer ) *

2742

2743

One characteristic of autism is that the child is socially _____. unresponsive, aloof, uncommunicative (True Answer ) *

2744

Children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder often mirror sentences or phrases spoken by others while copying the accent or inflection but not understanding the meaning. This phenomenon is called______. echolalia (True Answer ) * Terry has autism spectrum disorder. When his teacher asks, Do you want candy? Terry responds, Do you want candy? This particular communication problem is referred to as ______. echolalia (True Answer ) * A person with a diagnosis of ______ displays significantly subaverage general functioning, concurrent deficits or impairment in adaptive behavior, and develops these

2745

2746

symptoms before the age of 18. intellectual developmental disorder (True Answer ) * 2747 A sixth-grade student reads slowly and has difficulty understanding the meaning of what he reads. You have a strong suspicion that he may suffer from ______. disorder of written expression (True Answer ) * The learning disorder that affects reading and comprehension is called ______. dyslexia (True Answer ) * 2749 Children who have persistent difficulties acquiring, using, or comprehending spoken or written language may receive a diagnosis of ______. language disorder, communication disorder (True Answer ) * Younger children who are clumsy and slow to master skills such as tying shoelaces, buttoning shirts, and zipping pants, may be given a diagnosis of ______. developmental coordination disorder (True Answer ) * A development disorder that involves the impairment in a child's ability to recognize words and comprehend written language is called a developmental reading disorder, but the more common name is ______. dyslexia (True Answer ) * Children with ______ cannot metabolize phenylalanine properly. PKU,phenylketonuria (True Answer ) * 2753 The congenital disorder where there is progressive loss of mental functioning and motor ability that is especially common among those of Eastern European Jewish ancestry is called ______.

2748

2750

2751

2752

 Tay-Sachs disease (True Answer ) * 2754 Too little prenatal iodine results in ______ in the newborn. cretinism (True Answer ) * 2755 When mothers drink excessive amounts of wine or beer during pregnancy, their children may be born with serious problems that include mental retardation, low birth weight, slow development, and irregularities in the face or limbs. This condition is called ______. fetal alcohol syndrome (True Answer ) * A prolonged period without oxygen during birth is called ______. anoxia (True Answer ) * 2757 The Scandinavian program of the 1960s and 1970s in which individuals with intellectual development disorder were offered living and working conditions similar to those found in mainstream society, including flexible routines, personal independence, and economic freedom, is called ______. normalization (True Answer ) * In ______, children with intellectual developmental disorder are grouped together in separate, specially designed learning programs. special education (True Answer ) * ______ places children with intellectual developmental disorder in regular classes with students from the general population. Mainstreaming, Inclusion (True Answer ) * _____ are designed to provide people with intellectual developmental disorder opportunities to socialize with others and normalize their romantic relationships.

2756

2758

2759

2760

 Dating skills programs (True Answer ) * 2761 ______ are protected and supervised workplaces that provide training for people with intellectual developmental disorder. Sheltered workshops (True Answer ) * 2762 Surveys show that ______ is a common experience for close to half of all children in the United States. 2763 worry (True Answer )Correct depression Incorrect anxiety Incorrect substance abuse Incorrect

A large survey of parents and their children shows that parents: believe children are more concerned about school than children are. Incorrect believe the greatest worry children have is about their physical appearance. Incorrect generally underestimate how worried their children are. (True Answer )Correct are unusually accurate in knowing about their children's worries. Incorrect

2764

A particular concern among children and adolescents would be: racism Incorrect peer pressure to have sex Incorrect bullying (True Answer )Correct peer pressure to try alcohol Incorrect

2765

Childhood disorders for which there are no similar adult disorders are called: disruptive disorders. Incorrect anxiety disorders. Incorrect intellectual developmental disorder. Incorrect elimination disorders. (True Answer )Correct

2766

For which of the following anxiety disorders would you expect the childhood pattern to be MOST similar to the adult pattern?

 2767

generalized anxiety disorder Incorrect social anxiety disorder Incorrect phobias (True Answer )Correct obsessive-compulsive disorder Incorrect

The typical child may not realize that the thoughts and beliefs of others are different from theirs, or be able to anticipate future negative events. Therefore: the symptoms of childhood anxiety tend to be different from adult symptoms. (True Answer )Correct children do not experience phobias. Incorrect a child cannot fully experience an anxiety disorder. Incorrect anxiety is not diagnosed until adolescence. Incorrect Behavioral and somatic symptoms, such as clinginess, sleep difficulties, and stomach pain rather than cognitive ones, are MORE characteristic of anxiety disorders: that are appropriately treated by psychotropic medications. Incorrect in adolescents rather than in children. Incorrect in children rather than in adults. (True Answer )Correct in children of former generations rather than of the present generation. Incorrect A child does almost everything with her mother and seems extremely anxious at school, getting frequent stomachaches and wanting to go home. If the child has an anxiety disorder, it is MOST likely: agoraphobia Incorrect bipolar disorder. Incorrect dependent personality disorder. Incorrect separation anxiety disorder. (True Answer )Correct A similarity among children with separation anxiety and those with school refusal is that they both fear going to school and often stay home. The difference in the symptoms of these diagnoses is that: if allowed to stay home, children with school refusal generally recover. Incorrect separation anxiety usually lasts into adulthood, while school refusal does not. Incorrect in separation anxiety, the fear is limited to school. Incorrect school refusal often involves fear of others at school, academic fear, and separation anxiety. (True Answer )Correct

2768

2769

2770

2771

A child whose therapist asks her to draw pictures about her life, then introduces games and stories to help the child work through her conflicts and change her emotions and behavior is MOST likely receiving: cognitive therapy Incorrect classroom therapy. Incorrect insight therapy. Incorrect play therapy. (True Answer )Correct Hormonal changes, life demands, and body dissatisfaction are all reasons to explain why: postpubertal girls have higher rates of depression than postpubertal boys. (True Answer )Correct children of all ages have higher rates of depression than adults. Incorrect younger children have higher rates of depression than older children. Incorrect depression rates are higher than anxiety rates in children. Incorrect

2772

2773

The National Institute of Mental Health study known as TADS (Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study) about treatment for adolescent depression, produced three major surprises. Which of the following is NOT true about the study's findings? A combination of antidepressant medication and cognitivebehavioral therapy was most effective. Incorrect Cognitive-behavioral therapy alone is not much better than a placebo treatment. Incorrect Antidepressant medication alone is better than cognitivebehavioral therapy alone. Incorrect The danger to adolescents from antidepressants has been overemphasized and is not that significant. (True Answer )Correct Imagine a child who neglects studies, work, friends, and family in order to be on the Internet. Which of the following about Internet addiction disorder is FALSE? There is no such diagnosis as Internet addiction disorder. (True Answer )Correct Exposure to vivid but imaginary experiences might impact brain development in children. Incorrect When deprived of the Internet, some of these children become anxious or depressed. Incorrect

2774

 The Internet does not represent reality nor equip children for dealing with reality. Incorrect 2775 Results from TADS (Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study) BEST support which of the following conclusions? Second-generation antidepressants should not be used with adolescents because the risk for harm is too high. Incorrect Treatment that works for one category of people may not be effective for another category of people. (True Answer )Correct Cognitive-behavior therapy alone is the best treatment for adolescents. Incorrect Cognitive-behavioral therapy cannot be used with adolescents because of their cognitive limitations. Incorrect The MAIN concern over the rise in diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children, and in particular, the treatment of bipolar disorder in children is: the use of cognitive behavioral therapy. Incorrect the use of family therapy. Incorrect the use of adult medications. (True Answer )Correct the use of psychodynamic therapy. Incorrect Childhood patterns of behavior that are diagnosed as bipolar disorder differ from adult patterns in that: children display depression while adults generally do not. Incorrect children display more symptoms of mania than adults do. Incorrect a higher proportion of girls than women are diagnosed with the disorder. Incorrect children display rage and aggression rather than mania. (True Answer )Correct 2778 Critics believe that bipolar disorder has become a catch-all diagnosis for children who display uncontrolled rage. DSM-5 addressed this concern by: eliminating uncontrolled rage as a symptom of bipolar disorder. Incorrect creating a new disorder called disruptive mood dysregulation. (True Answer )Correct not allowing a diagnosis of a bipolar disorder until children reach age 18. Incorrect dividing bipolar disorder into two categories, one with and

2776

2777

one without rage. Incorrect 2779 Which of the following is a qualified criminal justice professor MOST likely to say? The rate of crime among juveniles is almost evenly split between boys and girls. Incorrect The crimes that juvenile boys and girls commit are different. (True Answer )Correct Fortunately, the overall rate of juvenile crime is declining. Incorrect Children are not labeled as delinquent until they reach the age of 13. Incorrect 2780 A child is openly hostile toward her parents. She argues with them constantly and will not do anything they say. They cannot control her. The diagnosis she is MOST likely to receive is: conduct disorder. Incorrect juvenile delinquency. Incorrect oppositional defiant disorder. (True Answer )Correct attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Incorrect A child will not obey his mother. When threatened with punishment, he swears, throws things, and threatens to break everything in the house. His outbreaks seem to be restricted to his parents, but he is almost completely unmanageable. This is an example of: conduct disorder. Incorrect juvenile delinquency. Incorrect childhood schizophrenia. Incorrect oppositional defiant disorder. (True Answer )Correct Boys and girls have about the same percentage chance of being diagnosed with: oppositional defiant disorder if they are prepubertal. Incorrect oppositional defiant disorder if they are postpubertal. (True Answer )Correct conduct disorder if they are prepubertal. Incorrect conduct disorder if they are postpubertal. Incorrect 2783 A child has repeatedly engaged in shoplifting and in hitting neighborhood pets with rocks. The child frequently is aggressive, and has engaged in an increasing number of fights.

2781

2782

The MOST appropriate diagnosis for this child is: 2784 oppositional defiant disorder. Incorrect attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Incorrect conduct disorder. (True Answer )Correct antisocial personality disorder. Incorrect

A child is extremely aggressive. She is always fighting with her peers and is frequently very cruel to them. She never tells the truth. Her MOST likely diagnosis is: conduct disorder. (True Answer )Correct juvenile delinquency. Incorrect passive-aggressive disorder. Incorrect oppositional defiant disorder. Incorrect A child sneaks out of the home every now and then, and goes through the neighborhood breaking lawn decorations and scratching car paint. These behaviors MOST closely fit which pattern of conduct disorder? overt-destructive Incorrect overt-nondestructive Incorrect covert-destructive (True Answer )Correct covert-nondestructive Incorrect That kid is pleasant enough, but will lie about practically anything, even things that don't seem to matter much. This behavior MOST closely fits which pattern of conduct disorder? overt-destructive Incorrect overt-nondestructive (True Answer )Correct covert-destructive Incorrect covert-nondestructive Incorrect At a parent-teacher conference, a child's parents are astounded to learn that their son has been showing up late for school, despite leaving home with more than enough time to get to school. This behavior MOST closely fits which pattern of conduct disorder? overt-destructive Incorrect overt-nondestructive Incorrect covert-destructive Incorrect covert-nondestructive (True Answer )Correct

2785

2786

2787

2788

Relational aggression is a term used to describe a pattern of aggression MOST common among: girls diagnosed with conduct disorder. (True Answer )Correct boys diagnosed with conduct disorder. Incorrect boys diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder. Incorrect girls diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder. Incorrect

2789

Carl is a terrible bully. He is very aggressive and repeatedly takes advantage of others. He will say anything to get his way or to try to stay out of trouble. Recently he was arrested for vandalism and ended up getting probation. He will MOST likely be labeled as displaying: conduct disorder. Incorrect juvenile delinquency. (True Answer )Correct passive-aggressive disorder. Incorrect oppositional defiant disorder. Incorrect A 16-year-old teenager has just been arrested for the third time for shoplifting. He would MOST likely be labeled with: juvenile delinquency. (True Answer )Correct oppositional defiant disorder. Incorrect anxiety disorder. Incorrect mood disregulation. Incorrect

2790

2791

Conduct disorder has MOST often been associated with: genetic or hormonal predisposition. Incorrect a history of child abuse. Incorrect troubled parent?child relationships. (True Answer )Correct poverty. Incorrect

2792

An intervention in which parents and their children who have been diagnosed with conduct disorder do behavior therapy targeting and rewarding desired behavior is called: parent-interaction therapy. Incorrect video modeling. Incorrect parent management training. (True Answer )Correct family-consequence sensitization. Incorrect

2793

My seven-year-old needs to get help for conduct disorder. What do you recommend? Of the following alternatives, your BEST answer is: Video modeling works especially well with elementary school children. Incorrect Treatment foster care is best, as long as the program is well established. Incorrect Parent management training should work best. (True Answer )Correct Parent-child interaction therapy would be my recommendation. Incorrect Among the goals of parent-child interaction therapy are all of the following EXCEPT: helping parents set realistic goals for their child's behavior. Incorrect teaching the child better skills. Incorrect encouraging parents to not change how they act with their child. (True Answer )Correct teaching the parents to use fairer discipline practices. Incorrect

2794

2795

The LEAST effective way to deal with conduct disorder is: prevention programs. Incorrect teaching children how to deal with their anger. Incorrect having children live in juvenile training centers. (True Answer )Correct through family intervention. Incorrect

2796

Will that program really help? I keep hearing bad things about how kids act once they leave. Based on research, the person who said this would be MOST accurate if she or he were expressing reservations about: a juvenile training center. (True Answer )Correct treatment foster care. Incorrect problem-solving training. Incorrect an Anger Coping and Coping Power Program. Incorrect Of the following, which is MOST likely to be successful as part of a treatment foster care program? family therapy with the foster parents followed by therapy with the original parents Incorrect

2797

 meetings with school, parole, and probation officers if needed Incorrect training and treatment that involves the child, the foster parents, and the biological parents. (True Answer )Correct individual treatment with the child, followed by family therapy Incorrect 2798 If your child is diagnosed with a conduct disorder, you could be confident in providing all of the following treatments EXCEPT: juvenile training centers. (True Answer )Correct treatment foster care. Incorrect anger coping programs. Incorrect problem-solving skills training. Incorrect Perhaps the biggest problem facing school administrators who try to deal with bullying is that: so many students are involved in bullying incidents, it is hard to tell who is dangerous. (True Answer )Correct they really don't care, since bullying is such an unusual occurrence in most schools. Incorrect there is a very real possibility that the bullies will attack them, as well as their student victims. Incorrect students really don't rate bullying as a serious problem. Incorrect 2800 Imagine that you see a video on YouTube designed to encourage young people who are gay and being bullied. It is probably part of a program called: Self-Defense is For Everyone. Incorrect It Gets Better. (True Answer )Correct How to Hide Your Orientation. Incorrect What to Say to Your Parents. Incorrect A child is receiving problem-solving skills training as a treatment for conduct disorder. You can be reasonably sure that: stimulant drug (e.g., Ritalin) administration is recommended, but not required. Incorrect the child is a preschooler. Incorrect the child is female. Incorrect the interventions used are cognitive behavioral. (True Answer )Correct

2799

2801

2802

A preadolescent child who has not received a clinical diagnosis participates in a program designed to stop the development of an antisocial pattern of behavior. MOST likely, that program is: the Anger Coping and Coping Power Program. Incorrect one that involves the use of stimulant drugs such as Ritalin. Incorrect Scared Straight. (True Answer )Correct Parents and Children Anonymous. Incorrect Pat does not follow what the teacher is doing and has difficulty focusing on the task at hand. His behavior in class is disruptive because he cannot sit still, which leads to poor grades in school. These symptoms MOST likely indicate: a conduct disorder. Incorrect school phobia with acting out. Incorrect dyslexia with childhood anxiety. Incorrect attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder. (True Answer )Correct A child's distracting behaviors occur only in a school setting, and include failure to follow instructions and finish work, answering questions before they have been completed, and a lot of seat squirming and fidgeting. Could ADHD be a diagnosis of this child? Yes; it could be a diagnosis. Incorrect No; the child's symptoms started at too young an age. Incorrect No; the child's symptoms occur in only one setting. (True Answer )Correct Yes; it could be, but only if the fidgeting is distracting to others. Incorrect Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is MORE common in ______ than in ______. boys; girls (True Answer )Correct girls; boys Incorrect adolescents; children Incorrect adults; children Incorrect

2803

2804

2805

2806

The two MOST common treatments for attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder have been: behavioral and drug therapies. (True Answer )Correct group therapy and sociotherapy. Incorrect

 behavioral and group therapy. Incorrect insight therapy and cognitive therapy. Incorrect 2807 What would be the BEST answer to give to parents of a child recently diagnosed with ADHD in response to their questions about what caused it? It is probably due to a brain malformation that can be corrected with surgery. Incorrect Family dysfunction and high levels of family stress cause ADHD. Incorrect It results from the reactions of others to a child who is just an active child. Incorrect Our best guess is that ADHD results from an interaction of several factors. (True Answer )Correct Among the likely causes of ADHD are all of the following EXCEPT: abnormal serotonin activity and parietal damage. (True Answer )Correct negative self-concept. Incorrect dysfunctional families. Incorrect high levels of stress. Incorrect 2809 The drug Ritalin is classified as a(n): 2810 stimulant. (True Answer )Correct depressant. Incorrect tranquilizer. Incorrect antidepressant. Incorrect

2808

What should I look for in an effective ADHD treatment program? a friend asks. Your BEST answer among the following alternatives is: Psychodynamic therapy works best, with or without drugs. Incorrect Cognitive therapy outperforms even Ritalin. Incorrect Drugs work best. (True Answer )Correct Drugs, combined with behavior therapy, work best. Incorrect The latest research on the use of Ritalin to treat ADHD suggests which of the following? Research on its effectiveness and safety has been done almost exclusively on white American children. (True Answer

2811

)Correct Negative side effects are serious enough to discourage the use of Ritalin among adolescents. Incorrect Fortunately, Ritalin is not effective when used as a recreational drug. Incorrect Most ADHD children are better off if they are not treated with Ritalin. Incorrect 2812 Compared to white American children, African American and Hispanic American children with similar levels of activity and attention problems are: about equally likely to be assessed for ADHD, but less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD. Incorrect about equally likely to be assessed for ADHD, but more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD. Incorrect less likely to be assessed for ADHD, and less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD. (True Answer )Correct more likely to be assessed for ADHD, but more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD. Incorrect Compared to white American children, African American and Hispanic American children with similar levels of activity and attention problems are: less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD, and less likely to receive effective treatment. (True Answer )Correct less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD, but more likely to receive effective treatment. Incorrect about equally likely to be diagnosed with ADHD, but less likely to receive effective treatment. Incorrect more likely to be diagnosed for ADHD, but less likely to receive effective treatment. Incorrect Of the following parents, the ones LEAST likely to have children who receive effective treatment for ADHD are: white Americans with private health insurance. Incorrect African Americans with private health insurance. Incorrect white Americans who are Medicaid-insured. Incorrect African Americans who are Medicaid-insured. (True Answer )Correct 2815 Of the following reasons, the LEAST likely to contribute to the differences between African Americans and white Americans in receiving long-acting stimulant drug treatment for ADHD is: economic factors. Incorrect

2813

2814

 social bias. Incorrect stereotyping. Incorrect differences in drug tolerance. (True Answer )Correct 2816 Two childrenone, African-American and the other, white Americandisplay exactly the same symptoms of overactivity. What is MOST likely to happen? They will both be diagnosed with ADHD. Incorrect The white American will be diagnosed with ADHD, and the African American will be diagnosed with possibly a lower IQ or substance abuse. (True Answer )Correct The African American will be diagnosed with ADHD, and the white American will not be diagnosed with anything. Incorrect Both will be diagnosed with ADHD, but it will be attributed to medical causes for the white American and social causes for the African American. Incorrect A 3-year-old child is wetting the bed at night. The bed-wetting apparently is beyond the child's control. The BESTdiagnosis is: enuresis. Incorrect encopresis. Incorrect oppositional defiant disorder. Incorrect no diagnosis in this case. (True Answer )Correct Elimination disorders are diagnosed when which of the following criteria has been met? The children have reached an age at which they are expected to control their bodily functions. (True Answer )Correct The children have a physical illness causing the disorder. Incorrect The children have been taking medications that are causing the disorder. Incorrect The children hide the disorder from their parents. Incorrect 2819 Joey has been wetting his bed since he was a baby. He is 10 years old now. As a result, he will not stay over at his friend's house or go to camp. His condition is called: enuresis. (True Answer )Correct encopresis. Incorrect conduct disorder. Incorrect noctural emission. Incorrect

2817

2818

2820

A child awakens suddenly to the sound of a bell, and heads for the bathroom. MOST likely the child is receiving: psychodynamic therapy for enuresis. Incorrect psychodynamic therapy for encopresis. Incorrect behavioral therapy for enuresis. (True Answer )Correct behavioral therapy for encopresis. Incorrect

2821

One useful approach to treating enuresis employs: insight therapy. Incorrect stimulant drugs. Incorrect operant conditioning. Incorrect classical conditioning. (True Answer )Correct

2822

A child is awakened during the night, uses the toilet, and receives a sticker and praise from a parent. Later in the week, accumulated stickers may be turned in for a highly desired toy. This child is undergoing: dry-bed training for enuresis. (True Answer )Correct dry-bed training for encopresis. Incorrect bell-and-battery therapy for enuresis. Incorrect bell-and-battery therapy for encopresis. Incorrect A teenager's parents are down on her all the time. When they are not criticizing her, they ignore her. This is an example of: punishment. Incorrect sexual abuse. Incorrect parental discipline. Incorrect psychological abuse. (True Answer )Correct

2823

2824

You read a case study about a ten-year-old girl from a poor background who was sexually abused. This case is: common; girls from poor backgrounds are the most common victims of sexual abuse. Incorrect fairly common; girls, regardless of their socioeconomic group, are the most common victims of sexual abuse. (True Answer )Correct uncommon; girls from wealthy backgrounds are the most common victims of sexual abuse. Incorrect very uncommon; boys from wealthy backgrounds are the most common victims of sexual abuse. Incorrect

2825

If there were several Parents Anonymous groups in a city near you, you could be sure that in that city: children diagnosed with conduct disorder, and who were abusing alcohol, were receiving help. Incorrect children diagnosed with conduct disorder, and who were abusing alcohol or any other drug, were receiving help Incorrect parents whose children were physically or verbally abusing them were getting help. Incorrect parents who were themselves child abusers were receiving help. (True Answer )Correct

2826

The MOST common and successful treatments for encopresis are: medication and family therapy. Incorrect behavioral and family therapy. Incorrect bell and pad system. Incorrect behavioral and medical treatments. (True Answer )Correct

2827

From which of the following pairs of disorders is a child MOST likely to recover by adulthood? autism spectrum and intellectual developmental disorders Incorrect conduct disorder and specific learning disabilities Incorrect ADHD and separation anxiety Incorrect enuresis and encopresis (True Answer )Correct

2828

Your daughter is MORE likely than your son to be diagnosed with: encopresis. Incorrect ADHD. Incorrect autism. Incorrect separation anxiety. (True Answer )Correct

2829

The child most likely to show the first symptom of autism spectrum disorder would be a: boy under 3 years old. (True Answer )Correct girl under 3 years old. Incorrect boy over 5 years old. Incorrect girl over 5 years old. Incorrect

2830

A female child is diagnosed with autism. Later, as an adult, she is unable to hold a job and has very limited communication skills. Her case is: very rare; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are males, and their symptoms usually diminish substantially by early adulthood. Incorrect uncommon; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are males, and their symptoms usually remain severe into adulthood. (True Answer )Correct uncommon; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are females, and their symptoms usually diminish substantially by early adulthood. Incorrect common; most people diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are females, and their symptoms usually remain severe into adulthood. Incorrect Assume that you are alone in a room with a child suffering from a disorder of childhood. If you didn't know what the child's diagnosis was, what behavior of the child's might start to convince you that the disorder is autism spectrum disorder? The child argues defiantly with parents. Incorrect The child is not responsive to other people. (True Answer )Correct The child screams uncontrollably when separated from parents. Incorrect The child is very active and finds it difficult to stay on task. Incorrect The mockingbird gets its name from the fact that it often imitates the call of other birds, without conveying any particular message. A child who imitates others' speech without any sign of understanding it, MOST likely would be diagnosed with: autism spectrum disorder. (True Answer )Correct ADHD. Incorrect mental retardation. Incorrect oppositional defiant disorder Incorrect One speech problem displayed by many children with autism spectrum disorder is that they repeat everything said to them. This is called: echolalia. (True Answer )Correct neologism. Incorrect nominal aphasia. Incorrect pronominal reversal. Incorrect

2831

2832

2833

2834

When a child with autism spectrum disorder says You want a drink when he really means that he wants a drink, he is displaying self-stimulatory behavior. Incorrect delayed echolalia. Incorrect limited imagination. Incorrect pronominal reversal. (True Answer )Correct A person who has difficulty with interpersonal interactions but is otherwise high functioning and would have been diagnosed with Asperger's disorder in the past, will now, in DSM-5, be diagnosed with: Asperger's disorder; nothing has changed. Incorrect autism spectrum sisorder. Incorrect social communications sisorder. (True Answer )Correct no disorder. Incorrect Individuals with autism spectrum disorder may react with tantrums if an object is moved to a different part of the room. This is known as: lack of responsiveness. Incorrect communication difficulties. Incorrect rigid and repetitive behavior. Incorrect perserveration of sameness. (True Answer )Correct A child has autism spectrum disorder and does not like much variation in his life. He puts his toys on a shelf in a particular order and throws a tantrum if his mother moves any of them. Any one of several trivial changes in his daily routine can set him off. This is an example of: overstimulation. Incorrect stimulus over selectivity. Incorrect a self-stimulatory behavior. Incorrect a perseveration of sameness. (True Answer )Correct When a child with autism spectrum disorder jumps, flaps her arms, twists her hands and fingers and makes unusual faces, the child is engaging in: self-injurious behavior. Incorrect self-communication behavior. Incorrect self-motor behavior. Incorrect self-stimulatory behavior (True Answer )Correct

2835

2836

2837

2838

2839

The BEST way to characterize children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder is that they: show disturbed and contradictory patterns of reactions to stimuli. (True Answer )Correct have low IQs and poor cognitive skills, but good social skills. Incorrect engage in excessive amounts of abstract play. Incorrect appear to be exceptionally coordinated. Incorrect

2840

According to one psychological view of autism, the awareness that other people base their behaviors on their own belief, and not on information they have no way of knowing, is NOT present in children with autism spectrum disorder. This ability is called: egocentrism. Incorrect a theory of mind. (True Answer )Correct social awareness. Incorrect metacognitive knowledge. Incorrect It is possible, even probable, that 'refrigerator parents' cold, rejecting, rigidcaused this disorder. This is a reasonable statement about the cause of many cases of: autism. (True Answer )Correct Asperger's disorder. Incorrect both autism and Asperger's disorder. Incorrect neither autism nor Asperger's disorder. Incorrect Research has shown that, during infancy and early childhood, autistic children are MORE likely to: have parents who divorce than are normal children. Incorrect be raised in a family with financial difficulties than are normal children. Incorrect have cold, rejecting parents. Incorrect None of the answers are true. (True Answer )Correct

2841

2842

2843

A child with autism is laughing, but sees another child crying. When asked what the other child is feeling, the child with autism is MOST likely to say: sadness, because of perseveration of sameness. Incorrect sadness, because of pronominal reversal. Incorrect happiness, because of lack of responsiveness. Incorrect happiness, because of mind-blindness. (True Answer )Correct

2844

Imagine that I just stubbed my toe and cried Ouch. A child with autism, when asked if I was hurt, said, No, because he wasn't hurt. This inability to take the perspective of another is referred to as: excessive logic. Incorrect self-stimulatory behavior. Incorrect mind-blindness. (True Answer )Correct sensory overload. Incorrect Which of the following statements reflects current research about the biological causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)? So far, researchers have found no biological causes for ASD. Incorrect The problem is much more likely to be with the brain's anatomy rather than with brain functioning. Incorrect There are probably multiple biological causes, leading to a common brain problem. (True Answer )Correct Neurotransmitter dysfunction explains problems in the cerebellum, but not the brain stem. Incorrect The MOST recent research has provided evidence that the primary causes of autism spectrum disorder include: brain abnormalities. (True Answer )Correct personality characteristics of the parents. Incorrect social status. Incorrect environmental stress. Incorrect

2845

2846

2847

Recent studies show that children with autistic spectrum disorder are MORE likely than other children to have abnormalities in which section of the brain? cerebral cortex Incorrect corpus callosum Incorrect cerebellum (True Answer )Correct hypothalamus Incorrect A person diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder listens to a piano piece at a concert. Later at home, the person plays the piano piece without the music, and without making a mistake. This behavior is best described as a: perseveration of sameness. Incorrect repetitive and rigid behavior. Incorrect delayed echolalia. Incorrect savant skill. (True Answer )Correct

2848

2849

Based on the MOST current research, we can conclude that: MMR vaccinations are probably related to the incidence of autism. Incorrect MMR vaccinations are related to some, but not all of the cases of autism. Incorrect as parents have refused MMR vaccinations for their children, the incidence of autism has declined. Incorrect MMR vaccinations are not related to the development of autism. (True Answer )Correct

2850

Studies of the use of cognitive-behavioral techniques in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder have shown that cognitive-behavioral techniques can produce: long-term gains in school achievement and intelligence test performance. (True Answer )Correct only short-term gains in school achievement and intelligence test performance. Incorrect long-term gains in school achievement, but only short-term gains in intelligence test performance. Incorrect only short-term gains in school achievement, but long-term gains in intelligence test performance. Incorrect Recent work has revealed that the MOST effective treatment for autism has been the use of: drug therapy. Incorrect cognitive-behavioral therapy. (True Answer )Correct educational therapy. Incorrect psychodynamic-humanistic therapy. Incorrect

2851

2852

The LEAP program for treating children with autism spectrum disorder is unique because it involves the use of: reinforcement principles. Incorrect medication. Incorrect MMR vaccinations. Incorrect typical children as models and teachers. (True Answer )Correct

2853

A child with autism spectrum disorder points to a picture of a fork on a board rather than saying, I want food. This child is using: a self-communication device. Incorrect a token economy system. Incorrect

 an augmentative communication system. (True Answer )Correct an integrative motor system. Incorrect 2854 What is the BEST educational treatment for a child with a serious level of dysfunction on the autism spectrum? mainstreaming and being in a typical classroom with other children Incorrect being in special classes that operate in the school district's own facilities Incorrect being sent to a special school that combines treatment and education (True Answer )Correct being home-schooled Incorrect 2855 If a child on the autism spectrum were being encouraged to engage in child-initiated interactions, the child would be: making statements that the therapist would repeat word for word. Incorrect using a communications board to make requests known. Incorrect asking about things that were of particular interest to him or her. (True Answer )Correct engaging in play therapy with the child's parents. Incorrect 2856 Which one of the following people would MOST correctly be diagnosed with intellectual developmental disorder? one with an IQ of 85 and significant difficulty communicating Incorrect one with an IQ of 85 but no other significant difficulties Incorrect one with an IQ of 65 but functioning well in life Incorrect one with an IQ of 69 having problems coping with life (True Answer )Correct 2857 If you were trying to learn a new language and you could understand it better than you could speak it, you would be showing symptoms MOST like: dyslexia. Incorrect developmental coordination disorder. Incorrect receptive language disorder. Incorrect expressive language disorder. (True Answer )Correct

2858

A reading proficiency level that is much lower than would be expected based on the measure of general intelligence is called: dyslexia. (True Answer )Correct perceptual deficit disorder. Incorrect expressive language disorder. Incorrect mixed receptive/expressive language disorder. Incorrect

2859

A child does well in some school subjects. However, the only way that he can read is slowly, one word at a time. He must direct his gaze with his index finger. Even with great effort, he makes many errors and has poor comprehension. This is a description of: aphasia. Incorrect dyslexia. (True Answer )Correct echolalia. Incorrect word blindness. Incorrect The specific symptoms associated with dyslexia include: strikingly impaired mathematical skills. Incorrect having difficulty comprehending and expressing language. Incorrect an impairment of the ability to recognize words and to comprehend what is being read. (True Answer )Correct extreme and repeated errors in spelling, grammar, punctuation, and paragraph organization. Incorrect

2860

2861

A child displays normal behavior and intelligence, but she does not seem to be able to explain her actions and intentions as well as you would expect. If the deficit is severe enough, she might be diagnosed with: dyslexia. Incorrect a perceptual deficit. Incorrect attention-deficit disorder. Incorrect an expressive-language disorder. (True Answer )Correct A child has received the diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder. You would expect that he would have a problem: expressing himself in speech. Incorrect reading a sentence from a book out loud. Incorrect buttoning his shirt and dressing in general. (True Answer )Correct listening to a teacher explain how to do a mathematics

2862

problem. Incorrect 2863 Fred has an IQ of 65 and cannot do schoolwork. He lives on the streets by begging, is usually dirty, and is always hungry. He would MOST likely be diagnosed with: depression Incorrect dyslexic. Incorrect schizophrenic. Incorrect mentally retarded. (True Answer )Correct Quentin is 25, has an IQ of 60, and never did well at schoolwork. However, he now lives on his own, has a job, and is able to perform the routine chores of life. He would not be considered to have intellectual developmental disorder because: he is too old. Incorrect his IQ is not low enough. Incorrect his daily functioning is adequate. (True Answer )Correct his condition was not diagnosed before the age of 18. Incorrect The use of IQ test results to diagnose intellectual developmental disorder has been criticized for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: They do not measure functioning at the low end of the scale adequately. Incorrect They are culturally biased. Incorrect They do not measure adaptive functioning. Incorrect They are not valid predictors of school performance. (True Answer )Correct Intelligence test results should not be the only things used to determine intellectual developmental disorder, because intelligence test scores: are not positively correlated with school performance. Incorrect lack reliability. Incorrect don't indicate level of adaptive behavior. (True Answer )Correct lack validity. Incorrect What does it mean to say that intelligence tests are culturally biased? They measure street smarts, so rural children are disadvantaged. Incorrect

2864

2865

2866

2867

 They measure abilities that are related to having been in school, disadvantaging home-schooled children. Incorrect They are biased against children who have experienced a great variety of cultures and who are bilingual. Incorrect They are biased in favor of those from middle and upper socioeconomic levels who are exposed to the kinds of language and typical experiences that the test evaluates. (True Answer )Correct 2868 Mild mental retardation is MOST common in which socioeconomic class? lower (True Answer )Correct middle Incorrect upper Incorrect Mild mental retardation is about equally common across socioeconomic classes. Incorrect 2869 About what percentage of those diagnosed with mental retardation fall into the category of mild intellectual developmental disorder? less than 10 percent Incorrect 25 percent Incorrect 55 percent Incorrect 80 to 85 percent (True Answer )Correct MOST cases of mild intellectual developmental disorder seem to be related to: inherited traits. Incorrect sociocultural and psychological factors. (True Answer )Correct fetal alcohol syndrome. Incorrect organic brain syndrome. Incorrect 2871 Isabelle is born into a very poor family. Both parents have below-average IQs and are barely able to support and provide for themselves. Isabelle's nutrition and health care have never been very good. She is at risk for: autistic spectrum disorder. Incorrect mild intellectual developmental disorder. (True Answer )Correct attention-deficit disorder. Incorrect severe intellectual developmental disorder. Incorrect

2870

2872

Early home intervention programs for those in the mild intellectual developmental disorder category: provide little help for children because of parental resistance. Incorrect improve overall functioning, but do not improve later performance in school and in adulthood. Incorrect do not improve overall functioning, but do improve later performance in school and in adulthood Incorrect improve both overall functioning, and later performance in school and in adulthood. (True Answer )Correct

2873

The percentage of individuals at the four levels of intellectual developmental disorder from mild to profound: increases steadily as the intelligence level decreases. Incorrect decreases steadily as the intelligence level decreases. (True Answer )Correct stays about the same as the intelligence level decreases. Incorrect is highest for the moderate intellectual developmental disorder level. Incorrect

2874

If one knew nothing more than that the person with intellectual developmental disorder also had extensive and severe neurological dysfunction and physical handicaps, the MOST likely estimate of that person's level of mental retardation would be: mild. Incorrect mild or moderate. Incorrect moderate or severe. Incorrect severe or profound. (True Answer )Correct Children with multiple physical and neurological problems that seriously limit their functioning are MOST likely to be diagnosed with which level of intellectual developmental disorder? mild Incorrect moderate Incorrect severe or profound (True Answer )Correct They are likely to be diagnosed as having no intellectual development disorder. Incorrect Biological factors are NOT the most important causes of which level of intellectual developmental disorder?

2875

2876

 profound Incorrect moderate Incorrect mild (True Answer )Correct Biological factors are the most important causes of all of these levels of mental retardation. Incorrect 2877 MOST diagnosed cases of Down syndrome are of the: 2878 trisomy 21 type. (True Answer )Correct mosaicism type. Incorrect age-related type. Incorrect translocation type. Incorrect

Paula has moderate intellectual developmental disorder, a small head and flat face, as well as a protruding tongue. Her condition is MOST likely: PKU. Incorrect Down syndrome. (True Answer )Correct Tay-Sachs disease. Incorrect fragile X syndrome. Incorrect The most common of the identified chromosomal causes of Down syndrome is: trisomy 21. (True Answer )Correct mosaicism. Incorrect translocation. Incorrect PKU. Incorrect

2879

2880

Individuals with Down syndrome: have a different range of personality characteristics just as do those in the general population without Down syndrome. Incorrect have a similar range of personality characteristics as do those in the general population without Down syndrome. Incorrect have the same range of personality characteristics as do those in the general population without Down syndrome. (True Answer )Correct have a range of personality characteristics similar to those of people with fetal alcohol syndrome. Incorrect

2881

Shy and anxious children who have mild to moderate degrees of intellectual dysfunction, language impairments, and behavioral problems are MOST likely to be diagnosed with: trisomy 21. Incorrect Down syndrome. Incorrect phenylketonuria. Incorrect fragile X syndrome. (True Answer )Correct An infant is diagnosed with a biological disorder. As she ages, her physical and mental conditions deteriorate steadily so that she loses vision and motor control, and at the age of 3, she dies. Most likely, she was suffering from: Tay-Sachs disease. (True Answer )Correct Down syndrome. Incorrect fragile X syndrome. Incorrect phenylketonuria (PKU). Incorrect Which of the following do phenylketonuria and Tay-Sachs disease have in common? Both can be detected at birth and treated. Incorrect Both are caused by a double recessive gene. (True Answer )Correct Both are metabolic defects involving an amino acid. Incorrect People of Eastern European Jewish ancestry are at increased risk for both. Incorrect

2882

2883

2884

An iodine deficiency in the diet of a pregnant woman may lead to a condition in which the baby has a dwarflike appearance and a defective thyroid gland. This disorder is called: cretinism. (True Answer )Correct encephalitis. Incorrect Down syndrome. Incorrect Tay-Sachs disease. Incorrect If a pregnant woman wishes to avoid having a child with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), what should she do? avoid drinking alcohol, since no safe level of drinking while pregnant has been established. (True Answer )Correct avoid only binge drinking, since only binge drinking is associated with FAS. Incorrect drink no more than the equivalent of one ounce of alcohol per day. Incorrect drink no more than the equivalent of two ounces of alcohol

2885

per day. Incorrect 2886 Most colleges and universities now require students to have a meningitis vaccination before enrolling. Untreated meningitis can lead to: cretinism. Incorrect encephalitis. Incorrect autism. Incorrect intellectual development disorder. (True Answer )Correct Anoxia, one possible source of intellectual developmental disorder, involves brain damage resulting from: ingestion of lead-based paint. Incorrect lack of oxygen during or after delivery. (True Answer )Correct poisoning from pesticides or fertilizer nitrates. Incorrect seizures induced by inhalants or automobile exhaust fumes. Incorrect 2888 In poor inner-city neighborhoods, children sometimes eat paint that is flaking off walls. This can sometimes lead to intellectual developmental disorder due of: meningitis. Incorrect encephalitis. Incorrect microcephaly. Incorrect lead poisoning. (True Answer )Correct During the 1960s and 1970s, the criteria for remaining in state schools changed, and many individuals with intellectual developmental disorders were released into the community. This is an example of: deinstitutionalization. (True Answer )Correct a normalization program. Incorrect mainstreaming. Incorrect special education. Incorrect MOST children with intellectual developmental disorder live: at home. (True Answer )Correct in normalization residences. Incorrect in relatively small, county-run institutions. Incorrect in relatively large, state-run institutions. Incorrect

2887

2889

2890

2891

Nations that pioneered normalization in the treatment of intellectual developmental disorder include: the United States and Canada. Incorrect the former Soviet Union and China. Incorrect Japan and Great Britain. Incorrect Denmark and Sweden. (True Answer )Correct

2892

A woman is in a facility for those with intellectual developmental disorder. She has her own apartment, dresses herself, and goes to the dining room, where she orders breakfast off a menu. She then goes to work in a sheltered workshop. At the end of the day, she goes home to her apartment and gets ready for dinner. This arrangement is part of: deinstitutionalization. Incorrect a normalization program. (True Answer )Correct mainstreaming. Incorrect special education. Incorrect A child is in public school, but he is grouped with other low-IQ children like him. He and his classmates have a specially designed program that is different from that of the other children in the school. This is MOST likely an example of: mainstreaming. Incorrect special education. (True Answer )Correct deinstitutionalization. Incorrect a normalization program. Incorrect

2893