LSL Basic Grammar Book

For more information visit us at http://www.larisaschooloflanguage.
net/
ENGLISH
GRAMMAR
FUNDAMENTALS
ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN VERSION
-
Larisa
School of Language
For more information visit us at http://www.larisaschooloflanguage.net/
Copyright 2012 LSL Education Network

All rights reserved. This book or any portion thereof
may not be reproduced without the express written
permission of the LSL Education Network.
Terms of Use
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or edited in any way. This book cannot be given or
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We have made every attempt to create an
informative and educational resource. You may
find references to North American and British
English contained in this publication.
Additional copies of this book may be found at
http://www.larisaschooloflanguage.net
First Publication, 2012
Larisa School of Language LLC
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Corporate 380-512-71-71-96

. , 63 ( ), 2
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Please contact us for more information at
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Contact Larisa@larisaschooloflanguage.com
CONTENTS
The English Alphabet

Consonants

Vowels

Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers

Compound Numbers Reading and Writing Examples

?
Telling Time in English
10
Countries and Nationalities

11
Parts of Speech in English

12
The Verb To Be
To Have (to have got)
13
The Verb To Have (to have got)
15
Pronouns

16
Personal Pronouns

18
Demonstrative Pronouns
.
18
Possessive Pronouns

20
-, -, , -, -,
Indefinite Pronouns
3
many, few, a few, much, little, a little
21
Quantitative Pronouns

22
Reflexive Pronouns

23
Modal Verbs

Months and Days of the Week
25
26
Types of questions

28
General Questions

28
Special Questions

28
Questions to the Subject

29
Alternative Questions

Disjunctive Questions / Question Tags
29
30
English Tenses Review

31
The Present Simple Tense

32
The Past Simple Tense

The Future Simple Tense
33
35
The Present Continuous (Progressive) Tense

36
The Past Continuous (Progressive) Tense

4

The Future Continuous (Progressive) Tense
37
38
The Present Perfect Tense

40
The Past Perfect Tense

42
The Future Perfect Tense

Articles
44
45
Singular and Plural Nouns

47
The Possessive Case of Nouns

48
Adjectives. Degrees of Comparison

50
Adverbs. Degrees of Comparison

51
Conditional Sentences

English Prepositions and Conjunctions
52

The Future in the Past
53

The Sequence of Tenses
54

Irregular English Verbs
Elementary Wordlist
Elementary
55
61
THE ENGLISH ALPHABET

Aa
[e]
Bb
bee
[bi]
Cc
cee
[si]
Dd
dee
[di]
Ee
[i]
Ff
ef
[f]
Gg
gee
[di]
Hh
aitch
[et]
Ii
[a]
10
Jj
jay
[de]
11
Kk
kay
[ke]
12
Ll
el
[l]
13
Mm
em
[m]
14
Nn
en
[n]
15
Oo
[]
16
Pp
pee
[pi]
17
Qq
cue
[kju]
18
Rr
ar
[] [r]
:,
19
Ss
ess
[s]
20
Tt
tee
[ti]
21
Uu
[ju]
22
Vv
vee
[vi]
23
Ww
double-u
[db()l ju]
24
Xx
ex
[ks]
25
Yy
wy
[wa]
26
Zz
zed, zee
[zd], [zi]
, eff
haitch [het]
[r]
,

es-

wye
zee -
6

CONSONANTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20
Bb
Cc
Dd
Ff
Gg
Hh
Jj
Kk
Ll
Mm
Nn
Pp
Qq
Rr
Ss
Tt
Vv
Ww
Xx
Zz
bee
cee
dee
ef
gee
aitch
jay
kay
el
em
en
pee
cue
ar
ess
tee
vee
Double-u
ex
Zed, zee
[bi]
[si]
[di]
[f]
[di]
[et]
[de]
[ke]
[l]
[m]
[n]
[pi]
[kju]
[] []
[s]
[ti]
[vi]
[db()l ju]
[ks]
[zd], [zi]
:,
VOWELS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Aa
Ee
Ii
Oo
Uu
Yy
a
e
i
o
u
its more used for
sounds
(can be both a vowel
and a consonant )
[e]
[i]
[a]
[]
[ju]
[wa]
For more information, see the following links:

The English Alphabet with Audio
http://www.larisaschooloflanguage.net/English_Alphabet_Audio.html

CARDINAL AND ORDINAL NUMBERS
one / first
two / second
three / third
four / fourth
five / fifth
six / sixth
seven / seventh
eight / eighth
nine / ninth
ten / tenth
eleven / eleventh
twelve / twelfth
thirteen / thirteenth
fourteen / fourteenth
fifteen / fifteenth
sixteen / sixteenth
seventeen / seventeenth
eighteen / eighteenth
nineteen / nineteenth
twenty / twentieth
[wn] [fst]
[tu] [sk()nd]
[ri] [d]
[f] [f]
[fav] [ff]
[sks] [sks]
[sev()n] [sv()n]
[et] [sv()n]
[nan] [nn]
[ten] [tn]
['lev()n] [lv()n]
[twelv] [twlf]
['tin] ['tin]
[f'tin] [f'tin]
[ff'tin] [ff'tin]
[sk'stin] [sk'stin]
[sev()n'tin] [sev()n'tin]
[e'tin] [e'tin]
[nan'tin] [nan'tin]
['twent] ['twent]
20 - 90 (+TY),
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
COMPOUND NUMERALS
100, 1000, 1000000
30 thirty
40 forty
50 fifty
60 sixty
70 seventy
80 eighty
90 ninety
100 one (a) hundred
1,000 one (a) thousand
1,000,000 one (a) million
1,000,000,000 a (one) milliard ( );
a (one) billion ( )
20
100 ,
:
25 - twentyfive,
93 - ninetythree.

100 , ,
,
and: 375 (three hundred and seventyfive), 2941 (two thousand nine
hundred and forty-one)

Numerals
http://www.larisaschooloflanguage.net/Number_Flashcards.html
? TELLING TIME IN ENGLISH

There are two common ways of telling the time.
1. Formal but easier way: say the hours first and then the minutes.
Example: 7:45 - seven forty-five ['sev()n 'ft fav]

For minutes 01 through 09, you can pronounce the '0' as oh. [u]
Example: 11:06 - eleven (oh) six ['lev()n (u) sks]
2. More popular way: say the minutes first and then the hours. Use past and the preceding hour for
minutes 01 through 30. Use to and the forthcoming hour for minutes 31 through 59 .
Example: 7.15 - fifteen minutes past seven [ff'tin 'mnt pst 'sev()n]
Example: 7.45 - fifteen minutes to eight [ff'tin 'mnt tu et]
Another possibility of saying '15 minutes past' is: a quarter past ['kwt pst]
Another possibility of saying '15 minutes to' is: a quarter to ['kwt tu:]
Another possibility of saying '30 minutes past' is: half past [hf pst]
Example: 5:30 - half past five [hf pst fav]
Reading Phone Numbers
347 978 three four seven nine seven eight
[ri f sv()n nn sv()n et]
07700 900318 oh double seven double oh nine double oh three one eight
[u db()l sv()n db()l u nn db()l u ri]
Reading Compound Numerals
15, 728 fifteen thousand seven hundred twenty eight
[ff'tin 'auz()nd sv()n 'hndrd 'twent et ]
364 three hundred sixty four [ri 'hndrd 'skst f]
7, 103 seven thousand one hundred and three
[sv()n 'auz()nd wn 'hndrd nd ri]

Telling Time in English
http://www.larisaschooloflanguage.net/flashcards_time.html
The Learning Clock
http://www.larisaschooloflanguage.net/Games.html

COUNTRIES AND NATIONALITIES
Countries
Adjectives
Nationality
Russia /
Russian
a Russian
the Russians
America /
American
an American
the Americans
Germany /
German
a German
the Germans
Italy /
Italian
an Italian
the Italians
Belgium /
Belgian
a Belgian
the Belgians
Brazil /
Brazilian
a Brazilian
the Brazilians
Mexico /
Mexican
a Mexican
the Mexicans
Norway /
Norwegian
a Norwegian
the Norwegians
China /
Chinese
a Chinese
the Chinese
Portugal /
Portuguese
a Portuguese
the Portuguese
(also Japanese, Burmese, Lebanese, Vietnamese, Congolese)

Switzerland / Swiss
a Swiss
the Swiss
Denmark /
Danish
a Dane
the Danes
Finland /
Finnish;
a Finn
the Finns
Poland /
Polish
a Pole
the Poles
Scotland /
Scottish
a Scot, a Scotsman /
woman
the Scotsmen
Sweden /
Swedish
a Swede
the Swedes
Turkey /
Turkish
a Turk
the Turks
England /
English
an Englishman / woman
the English
France /
French
a Frenchman / woman
the French
the Netherlands (Holland)

/
Dutch
()
a Dutchman / woman
the Dutch
Ireland /
an Irishman / woman
the Irishmen,
the Irish
Irish
10

PARTS OF SPEECH IN ENGLISH
Nouns are parts of speech used to name people, places and things.
( - , , ,
.)
Examples: a girl, a town, an umbrella.
Verbs are parts of speech used to name actions or states.
( - , , .)
Examples: to run, to think, to feel.
Adjectives are parts of speech used to describe nouns.
( , .)
Examples: red, beautiful, big.
Adverbs are parts of speech used to describe verbs.
( .)
Examples: slowly, hard, well.
Pronouns are parts of speech used to replace nouns.
( , .)
Examples: I, you, we, they, he, she, it.
Prepositions join clauses, sentences and words.
( , .)
Examples: at, in, on, above.
Conjunctions join two words, phrases or sentences together.
( - , , , .)
Examples: but, so, and, because, or.
Interjections are unusual words, because they often stand alone. Interjections are words
which express emotion or surprise, and they are usually followed by exclamation marks.
( , ,
.)
Examples: Ouch!, Hello!, Hurray!, Oh no!, Ha!
Numerals are words denoting numbers.
( .)
Examples: one, first.
An article is used to introduce a noun.
( - , .)
Examples: the, a, an.

English Tenses
http://www.larisaschooloflanguage.net/English_Russian_Flash_2.html
11
TO BE
THE VERB TO BE
The verb To be To be
- ", ". ,
(, , ),
, . ,
"to be" (.. ):
I am
Im
()
He is
Hes
()
She is
Shes
()
It is
Its
We are
Were
()
You are
Youre
, ()
hey are
Theyre
()
, , , ()
am
He
She
It
is
from Ukraine
We
You
They
are
Examples:
I am in the room.
The book is on the table.
().
.
I am a doctor.
The weather is bad.
They are from Paris.
. ( ).
.
.

The Verb To Be
http://www.larisaschooloflanguage.net/flashcards_english_to_be.html
12
The Petrovs
Liza is a Russian teacher. Shes thirty. Shes

at school now. Her address is 18, Sretenka
Street, Moscow.
. 30
. . .
, 18, . .
Her husband, Sergey, is at work in his

office. Hes a bank manager. His phone
number at work is 095 123 45 67.
, ,
. .
095 123 45 67.
They have two children, Anna and Sveta.

Anna is ten and Sveta is seven. They are at
school.
, .
10 , 7 . .
TO HAVE (TO HAVE GOT)

THE VERB TO HAVE (TO HAVE GOT)
- ", , ".
have, has have got, has got ( 've got
's got) ,
.
to have got ()

I have got (Ive got)
I havent got
You have got (youve got)
You havent got
H/She/It has got (hes got)

We have (weve got)
H/She/It hasnt got
had
We havent got
You have (youve got)
You havent got
They have (theyve got)
They havent got
(have/has) .
13
Have I/you/we/they got?

///?
Yes, I/you/we/they have

, ///
No, I/you/we/they havent
, ///
Has he/she/it got?

/?
Yes, he/she/it has

, /
No, he/she/it hasnt
, //
Examples:
We've got a nice flat. - .
Have you got any pets? - ?
Yes, a dog and a cat. - , .
! HAVE GOT, HAVE

, ,
.
Collocations with have:

to have a lesson / a lecture / a meeting
/ /
I have an English lesson every day.
NOT: Ive got an English lesson every day.
to have breakfast / lunch / dinner...
/
What time do you have dinner?
NOT: What time have you got dinner?
to have a rest / a swim / a wash
/ /
Did you have a swim in the pool last night?
NOT: Had you got a swim in the pool last night?
14
to have a drink / a cigarette / a day off

/ /
Let's have a drink at lunch.
NOT: Lets have got a drink at lunch.

Expressing Possession with To Have Got
http://www.larisaschooloflanguage.net/To_Have_English_Grammar.html

ENGLISH PRONOUNS
Personal
Pronouns
(
)
Who ?
Possessive Pronouns
(
)
Whose , ,
?
Objective Pronouns
( )
Who(m) , ?
I-
My / mine
Me , ,
II
You -
Your / yours
You , ,
He -
His / his -
Him ,
She
Her / hers -
Her ,
It -
Its / its ,
It ,
()
Person
, , ,
. ,
.
III
15
Examples:
Whose is this book?

?
Who do I need to give a book to?

?
I am a teacher.
.
This is my book.
.
To me.
.
You are a teacher.

.
This is your book.

.
To you.
.
He is a teacher.
.
This is his book.

.
To him.
.
She is a teacher.
.
This is her book.

- .
To her.
.

PERSONAL PRONOUNS

The Objective Case
The Nominative Case
Singular
he
she
it
- (, )
Plural
we
you
- , ,
they
me
- , ,
him
-, ,
her
-, ,
it
-/, /
us
-, ,
you
-, ,
them
-, ,
16

USE OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS
"I" . "he / she"
; "it" -
, . "they"
, .
Examples:
Does he know what I want? - , ?
Tell him to call me right away. - .
"it" "": "I hear a knock at the door. - I think
it's my wife. - . -, ."
it ,
, :
"The music stopped. He didn't notice it." - .
."
"it"
, , ,
.
Examples:
It's snowing. - .
It's very cold in the room. - .
It's three o'clock. - .
It's two miles to the station. - .
It's twenty degrees above zero. - .
17

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
this
that
Singular
Plural
- , ,
these
- , ,
those
. "this"
, , "that" -
; "that" ", ".
This is my father. That is my uncle.

I don't like these apples.
They are too sour.
This is not salt. It's sugar.
What is this? - It's my bag.
These are our coats.
Is that your watch?
This student works at that table.
. - .
.
.
. - .
? - .
.
?
.

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
Pronouns ()
Personal
Possessive
Absolute
I ()
my ()
mine
he ()
his ()
his
she ()
her ()
hers
it ()
its ()
its
-/
Plural
we ()
our ()
ours
you (, )
your ()
yours
they ()
their ()
theirs
Singular
.
18
! , ,
. ,
.
,
whose? - ?
(possessive
pronouns)
, , .
-
own [oun] , , :
This is my own car.
He saw it with his own eyes.
on ones own , ,
:
I like being on my own.
She does all the cooking on her own.
This is my brother Tom and that is his wife ,

Betty with their children.
Do you know your lesson today?
The man put his hand into his pocket and
took out his wallet.
I have some roses in my garden, too.
19
-
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
Positive
Negative
Questions
Something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody

-, -, , -, -,
Something
-
Somebody /
Someone
-
Anything
Anybody /
-, -
Anyone
-, -
Nothing
Nobody / No one
Not anything
Not anybody
Somewhere
-, -, -
Anywhere
-, -
Nowhere
,
, "-body"/-one,
.
, "-thing",
.
Examples: Did you meet anybody/anyone interesting at the party?
- ?
I know somebody/someone you can talk to about this. -,
.
"some, any, no"
: "somebody/someone anybody/anyone nobody/no one;
something - anything - nothing; somewhere - anywhere - nowhere",
,
"some, any, no".
20
In questions
UNs
uncount nouns
(
)
With UNs
With CNs
CNs
count
nouns
(
)
In positive sentences
We use
In negative sentences

QUANTITATIVE PRONOUNS
Some
Any
Much
Many
A lot/ lots of
A few
A little
(sometimes)
'some/ any'

"/
"
.
"some"

. "Any" -
.
Examples:
They have many friends in London. - .

He has a few friends. He is very lonely. - . .
There is a little milk in the cup. - .
We havent spent much time on this experiment. -
.
21

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
Person
Singular
myself [ma'self]
ourselves
yourself [j'self]
yourselves [j'selvz]
himself [hm'self]
3
herself [h'self]
Plural

[au'selvz]
themselves [m'selvz]
itself [It'self]
- - oneself [wan'self]
, :
, , , -, -.
, :
, , ,
, "-self (-selves )",
. , ,
, , ,

.
Examples:
She rode a bike by herself. - .
They talked about themselves. - .
I can take care of myself. - .
, (,
, ), ,

I feel terrible.
.
Id like to have a Porsche but I cannot afford it.
, .
wash, bath, shave,
(un)dress change (clothes):
I dressed quickly, had my breakfast and left for work.
, .
22

MODAL VERBS
Modal Verb
CAN
Examples
He can find any street in London.

.
Use
Ability ()
You can take a taxi. . Suggestion ()

Can you take me to Victoria Station?

?
BE ABLE TO
He is able to find any street in London.

.
CANT
This story cant be true.

.
Request ()
Ability ()
Certainty that something is

impossible
( , )
COULD
I could play tennis when I was younger .

, .
Ability ()
Could you take me to Victoria Station?

?
Request ()
Suggestion ()
MAY
MIGHT
MUST
You could take a taxi.

.
It may be quicker to travel by train.
,
.
May I come in?
?
It might be quicker to travel by train.
,
.
You must be back at 10 oclock.
10 .
Look at the snow. It must be cold outside.
. ,
.
Possibility ()
Formal request
( )
Possibility ()
Obligation ()
Certainty that something is
true ( ,
- )
23

HAVE TO
NEED TO
NEEDNT
You have to be back at 10 oclock.

10 .
You need to study a lot.
.
You neednt have a university degree.
.
Modal Verb
Obligation ()
Obligation ()
Lack of Obligation
( )
Examples
Use
MUSTNT
You mustnt drive without a license.

.
Prohibition ()
DONT
HAVE TO
You dont have to call a taxi.

.
Lack of Obligation
( )
SHOULD
You should drive more carefully.
Opinion/Advice
(/)
OUGHT TO
You ought to drive more carefully.

.
Opinion/Advice
(/)
Positive
I
He/She/It
We/You/They
Modal verb (can, may,

must, might, could)
Infinitive without to
(swim/read/dance)

to
I can dance.
I must go to work.
I might come to your party tonight.
Negative
I
He/She/It
We/You/They
Modal verb + not (cant,

may not, mustnt, might
not, couldnt)
(swim/read/dance)

to
I cant (can not) dance.

I mustnt (must not) go to work.
I mightnt (might not) come to your party tonight.
24
Questions
Modal verb (can, may, must,
might, could)
I
He/She/It
We/You/They
(swim/read/dance)?
to
Question word
(What?/Why?/
Where?/When?/
Which?)
I
He/She/It
We/You/They
(swim/read/dance)?
to
Modal verb
(can, may,
must, might,
could)
Can you swim? Yes, I can. / No, I cant.

Why must you go to work tonight?
,

, , .
? ,
, , , , ,
, , . .
Modal Verbs
www.larisaschooloflanguage.net/Modal_Verb_Can.html
http://www.larisaschooloflanguage.net/Verb_Flashcards_01OK.html
http://www.larisaschooloflanguage.net/Modal_Verb_Must.html

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
Months of the year ( )
in
January ()
February ()
March ()
April ()
May ()
June ()
July ()
August ()
September ()
October ()
November ()
December ()
Time of the day ( )
in
the morning
the afternoon
Dates
()
the evening
exception!
third
at night
ninth
june
august
25
Dates ()
on the
first of May
second of June
seventh of Decem
ber
Days of the week ( )
on
Sunday ()
Monday ()
Tuesday ()
Wednesday ()
Thursday ()
Friday ()
Saturday ()
Examples:
My birthday is on the seventh of March. .
I like drinking coffee in the mornings. .
Theres a big holiday on Sunday. .
My friends are coming to visit me in December.
.
Prepositions of Time
http://www.larisaschooloflanguage.net/Flashcards_Prepositions_TR7.html
Prepositions of Place
http://www.larisaschooloflanguage.net/Flashcards_prepositions_V8L.html
Prepositions of Movement
http://www.larisaschooloflanguage.net/Flashcards_prepositions.html
Seasons, Months, Days of the Week, Dates
http://www.larisaschooloflanguage.net/flashcards_seasons.html

TYPES OF QUESTIONS
5 :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
(general questions);
(special questions);
(questions to the subject);
(tag questions / disjunctive questions);
(alternative questions).

. , , ,
.
.
(What? When? Why? Which? Where? Etc.)
26
, , ,
, :
S subject ( ,
, ).
V verb .
V2 verb2 -ed,
.
Ving verb ing -ing.
V3 verb3 -ed,
.
Wh .
Simple
Continuous
Perfect
Perfect
Continuous
Have/has + S + V3
Do (does) + S + V
To be (am/is/are) +
S + V-ing
Have/has + S +
been + V-ing
Do you work
here?
Are you working

here?
Have you worked

here?
Have you
been working
here?
Did + S + V
To be (was/were) +
S + V-ing
Had + S + V3
Had + S +
been + V-ing
Did you work

here?
Were you working

here?
Had you worked

here?
Had you been

working here?
Will + S + V
Will + S + be + V-ing
Will + S + have + V3 Will + S + have

+ been + V-ing
Will you work

here?
Will you be working

here?
Will you have

worked here?
Present
Past
Future
Will you have
been working
here?
27
(General Questions)

. .
yes / no question.
(do,
does, is ..) .
Examples:
Does she like knitting? ?
Do you play computer games? ?
Is this his book? ?
, to be
:
Are you at home? ? Was he at the cinema yesterday?
?
(Special Questions)
,
. ,
: What? ?; When? ?;
Where? ?; Why? ?; Which? ? .
Examples:
Where are you going to move? ?
What would you like to read? ?
When did you leave the house? ?
(Questions to the Subject)

(),
.

: Who? What? ( ). ,

.
shall / will, , ,
.
.
Examples:
What happened to us? ?
What makes you feel upset? ?
Who invites guests to the parties?
28
(Alternative Questions)
,
, ,
, ..
or.
Examples:
They finished writing the article at 5 p.m. 5 .
Did they finish writing the article in the morning or at night?
?
Did they finish writing or reading the article? ?
(Question Tags)

, , .
?, ?
:
, ,
, ;
,
, .
:
, ;
, .
Examples:
My mother prefers meat to fish, doesnt she? ,
?
I am a pessimist, aint/arent I? , ?
You can cook this dish, cant you? , ?
She doesnt go to the church, does she? , ?
29

ENGLISH TENSES REVIEW
12 ,
:
- simple indefinite ( );
- continuous progressive ( );
- perfect ( );
- perfect continuous perfect progressive (
).
Simple tenses describe general facts and regular, routine actions. (
. ,
).
Continuous tenses describe on-going actions and processes. We use an auxiliary verb
be and ing verb forms to form continuous tenses. ( ,
, -
(), , , .
be,
"-ing").
Perfect tenses describe actions that happened at an indefinite time in the past or that
began in the past and continue in the present. We use an auxiliary verb have and the
past participle to form perfect tenses.
(
, - .
have,
(
).
Perfect Continuous tenses are used to express an action which begins in the past and
continues into the present moment or to express the duration of an activity that
begins in the past and continues into the present. We use two auxiliary verbs have
and been, and also an -ing verb form to build these tenses. (
, ,
, ,
.
have been,
"-ing").
30
()
THE PRESENT SIMPLE (INDEFINITE) TENSE
Positive/Negative/Question
Use
Signal Words
P: He/she/it speaks.
I/You/We/They speak.
N: He/she/it does not (doesnt)

speak.
I/You/We/They do not (dont)
speak.
Q: Does he/she/it speak?
Regular/ routine actions

(/
);
Facts ();
Actions taking place one after
another (,
);
Action set by a timetable or
schedule (,
).
always, every ,
never, normally,
often, seldom,
sometimes, usually
if sentences type I
(If I talk, )
Do I/you/we/they speak?
We use Present Simple with stative verbs. Present Simple
, . ,
,
., : to hear - , to love - , to want

- ,
Examples:
I see a ship in the distance.
I do not understand you at all.
I think we are wrong.
, .
We use Present Simple for schedules and timetables.
, , (
: soon , tomorrow ..).
Present Indefinite . , , . ,
:
31
to arrive ,
To return
to come ,
to sail
to go ,
to start
to leave
Examples:
My father goes to London next week.
The next train leaves in an hour.
Our ship sails on next Tuesday.

Present Simple Tense
http://www.larisaschooloflanguage.net/Present_Simple.html
()
THE PAST SIMPLE (INDEFINITE) TENSE
Positives/ Negatives/
Questions
Use
Time Expressions
action in the past taking

place once, never or several
P: He played / spoke.
times ( ,
N: He didnt (did not)
,
play / speak.
);
yesterday, 2 minutes ago,
Q: Did he play /
actions taking place one after
in 1990, the other day,
speak?
another (,
last Friday if sentence

type II (If I talked, )
);
action taking place in the
middle of another action
(,
)
Most of the verbs in Past Simple are regular. The form of the Past Simple is the same
in all persons. For using irregular verbs consult the list of irregular verbs. Past Simple is
formed for all persons by adding ed to the base form of the verb.
32
Past Simple (regular verbs)

-ed ,
[d] , [t]
, [id] d t. ,
(irregular verbs), Past Simple II (. ).
,
(auxiliary verb) did
( to).
Did you see him yesterday? - Yes, I did.
? - .
Did you hear the news? - No, I did not.
? - .
When did you see her?
What did he say?
:
I did not (didnt) see him yesterday.
She did not (didnt) know this.

Past Simple Tense
http://www.larisaschooloflanguage.net/Flashcards_Simple.html
()
THE FUTURE SIMPLE (INDEFINITE) TENSE
Positives/
Negatives/
Questions
Use
P: He will speak.
N: He wont (will
not) speak.
Q: Will he speak?
action in the future that cannot be

influenced ( ,
);
spontaneous (on-the-spot) decision
( );
assumption with regard to the future
( ).
Time Expressions
in a year,
tomorrow
next ,
If-clause
(real
conditional - If you ask
her, she will help you)
assumption: I think,
probably, perhaps
33
The Future Simple Tense is often called will, because we make the future simple tense
with the modal auxiliary will. For negative sentences in the future simple tense, we insert
not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the
subject and auxiliary verb. When we use the future simple tense in speaking, we often
contract the subject and auxiliary verb. For negative sentences in the future simple
tense, we contract with won't.
Future Simple shall (
) will .
will .
1- shall, will.
, . 'll.
,
shall/ will :
Will I see you tomorrow?
Will you go for a walk?
- Yes, I'll go for a walk.
- . .
What shall we do tomorrow?
Will you :
Will you please open the window?
, , .
:
I shall/will not do this.
You will not (wont) be late.
.
.

Future Simple
http://www.larisaschooloflanguage.net/Simple_Flashcards.html
34

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE) TENSE
Questions
P: I am speaking.
He/She/It is speaking.
You/We/They are
speaking.
Use
N: Im not (am not)

speaking.
He/She/It isnt (is not)
speaking.
You/We/They arent (are
not) speaking.
action taking place in the

moment of speaking (,

);
action taking place only for a
limited period of time (,

);
action arranged for the future
(,
)
Time Expressions
at the moment,
just, just now,
Listen!, Look!, now,
right now
Q: Am I speaking?
Is he/she/it speaking?
Are you/we/they
speaking?
P: Im (am) going to speak.
He/She/Its (is) going to
speak.
You/We/Theyre (are)
going to speak.
N: Im not going to speak.
He/She/Its not going to
speak.
You/They/Were not going
to speak.
GOING TO
decision made for the future

(,
)
conclusion with regard to the
future (
)
in one year, next

week, tomorrow
Q: Am I going to speak?
Is he/she/it going to
speak?
Are you/we/they going to
speak?
The Present Progressive Tense (also sometimes called the "present continuous") is formed
with the present tense of the verb to be + a main verb + -ing. Present Continuous
to be (
am, is, are ) - Present Participle
(IV- ing-).
35
We also use Present Progressive for expressing future intentions.
..),
.
, Present Indefinite - .
Im leaving tomorrow.
Were flying to Paris in the morning.
We are dining out on Saturday.
He is taking his examination on Friday
..
Present Continuous
http://www.larisaschooloflanguage.net/Present_continuous.html

THE PAST CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE) TENSE
Questions
Use
P: I/He/She/It was speaking.

You/Were/They were
speaking.
N: I/He/She/It wasnt (was
not) speaking.
You/We/They werent (were
not) speaking.
Q: Was I/he/she/it
speaking?
Were you/we/they
speaking?
action going on at a certain

time in the past (,

);
actions taking place at the
same time in the past
(,
);
action in the past that is
interrupted by another
action (,
,

)
Time Expressions
when, while, as long as
36
The Past Progressive Tense (also sometimes called "past continuous") is formed by using
was/were
main
verb
ing.
Past
Continuous
to be ( was, were )
- Present Participle (IV- ing).
A Past Simple action can interrupt a Past Continuous activity in progress. ,
Past Simple, ,
Past progressive.
When I came, my parents were having
tea.
He was doing his homework when I
entered the room.

Present Continuous
http://www.larisaschooloflanguage.net/Present_continuous.html

THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE) TENSE
Questions
Use
P: Hell be (will be)

speaking.
N: He wont (will not) be
speaking.
Q: Will he be speaking?
action that is going on at a

certain time in the future
(,

);
action that is sure to
happen in the near future
(,

)
Time Expressions
in one year, next

week, tomorrow
The Future Progressive Tense is formed with will be + main verb + ing. The negative form
of this tense is won't be + main verb + ing.
37
Future Continuous to be
( will be) Present Participle (IV- ing-).
,
,
, :
at noon
at five oclock
at midnight
at 3 oclock tomorrow 3
at that moment
:
In an hour Ill be flying over the sea.
Ill be waiting for you at 9 oclock
9 .
tomorrow.
Just think. This time tomorrow Ill be lying .
.
on the beach.

Past Continuous
http://www.larisaschooloflanguage.net/Tense_Flashcards.html

THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE TENSE
Questions
P: I/We/You/They have
spoken.
Use
He/She/It has spoken.

N: I/We/You/They havent
(have not) spoken.
He/She/It hasnt (has not)

spoken.
Q: Have I/We/You/They
spoken?
Has he/she/it spoken?
putting emphasis on the

result (

)
action that started in the
past and is still going on
(,

)
action that stopped
recently (,
Time Expressions
already, ever, just,
never, not yet, so far,
till now, up to now
38

)
finished action that has an
influence on the present
( ,

)
action that has taken place
once, never or several
times before the moment of
speaking (,

,

)
The Present Perfect Tense is formed with have/has + a past participle. There are several
situations in which we use this tense: 1) to talk about something that was true in the past,
and is still true in the present, as in, "I have been married for five years."
2) to refer to something that happened at an unspecified time in the past, as in, "Becky
has visited China several times already."
3) to talk about something that happened during a period of time that has not yet
ended, as in, "I have gone to three parties so far this month." When used with "just," to
refer to something that happened very recently, as in, "My mother has just arrived."
When you see words like for, since, ever, already, and so far in a sentence, it often
means that you need to use the present perfect tense.
Present Perfect to have
( have, has )
- Past Participle (III- ed-).
Present Perfect " "
, ,
, ( ,
), ,
: I have lost the key. . ( )
39
,
, ,
.
Present Perfect ,
- .

,
Past Simple:
I have seen the film. I saw it in London.
.
.
Did you like the film?
?
Well, I have had a word with the boss.
, .
He said he would think it over.
, .

Present Perfect Simple
http://www.larisaschooloflanguage.net/flashcards_perfect_J56U.html

THE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE TENSE
Questions
Use
P:
He
had
spoken.
N: He hadnt (had not)
spoken.
Q: Had he spoken?
action taking place before a

certain time in the past
(,
);
sometimes interchangeable
with past perfect progressive
(
past perfect progressive );
putting emphasis only on the
fact (not the duration)
(
- ,
);
Time Expressions
already, just, never,
not yet, once, until
that day, by then
if - sentence type III (If
I had talked, )
40
Past Perfect ,
,
:
by two oclock
by then /
by noon
by that time
by Saturday
by the end of the week
by the 15th of September
15
by the end of the year
:
By six o'clock on Sunday I had already
learned all the words.
She had left by the 1st of June.
() .
She had written only two letters by noon.
2
.
, Past
Simple, , Past
Perfect:
When we came to the station the train had
already gone.
She had just made coffee when I arrived.
,
.
: ,
, ,
Past Indefinite:
I took a bath and went to bed.
Past Perfect ,
:
41
I hadnt read the book by Saturday.
When we called for Julia, she hadnt yet
got up.
( ).

Past Perfect Simple
http://www.larisaschooloflanguage.net/Flashcards_perfect_.html

THE FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE TENSE
Positives/Negatives/Questions
P: I/We/You/ They/ He /She/ It
will have spoken.
Use
Time Expressions
action that will be by Monday, in a week, by

finished at a certain 2015
time in the future
N: I/We/You/ They/ He /She/ It

will not have spoken.
Q: Will I/We/You/ They/ He
/She/ It have spoken?
The Future Perfect Tense is formed with will have + past participle, as in, "I will have left by
tomorrow" or "They will have been friends for a long time." The form stays the same no
matter what subject you use.
We use the Future Perfect Tense to talk about an action that will be completed
sometime in the future. Usually this action will be completed before something else
happens or by a certain time in the future. For example, we can say, "I will have
graduated by the time I turn 18." This means that I will turn 18 in the future, and at some
point before then, I will graduate in the future.
Future Perfect to have
( shall have, will have )
- Past Participle (III- ed-).
42
Future Perfect ,
,
,
:
by five oclock
by that time
by noon
by the end of the year
by Saturday
by then
:
We shall have translated the article by
()
five oclock.
I shall have finished the report by tonight.
The workers will have built this school by
September 1st.
Present
Indefinite
), ,
Future Perfect ( ) .
, before , when :
I shall have finished this work before you
return.
I shall have written him a letter by the
time his mother comes to me.
, Perfect
. Future Perfect
.

Future Perfect Simple
http://www.larisaschooloflanguage.net/Flashcards_perfect_.html
43

ARTICLES
. : (the indefinite article) "a" ( "an",
) (the definite article) "the".
"",

: a tree - , an apple - .

""
.
Examples:
What did he give you? - A book.
? .
What did he tell you? - He asked me a question.
? - .
I saw a letter on the table.
(-) .
I saw letters on the table.
(-) .
I saw snow in the fields.
.
(the definite article) ,
, ,
:
Ann, put the kettle on the stove, please. - , , .
,
,
.
44
Examples:
a cat / a black cat / a dirty black cat
/ /
the man / the old man / the fat old man
/ / .
,
:
this dictionary -
my dictionary -
The Article
http://www.larisaschooloflanguage.net/Article.html
SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS

s.
Singular
Plural
camera () cameras
pen
() pens
phone () phones
, -ch, -sh,
-es.
Singular
watch
brush
-s
-x,
Plural
( ) watches
()
brushes
bus
()
buses
box
()
boxes
Tomato () potato ()
-es: tomatoes, potatoes.
45
, + -y (, -ty, -ly), -
ies.
Singular
city
family

Plural
()
()
cities
families
fl,
-fe
f v -es
Singular
loaf
wife
Plural
( )
(, )
loaves
wives

-s -es. :
Singular
Translation
Plural
woman
()
women
person
(, )
people
tooth
()
teeth
foot
()
Feet
mouse
()
mice
child
()
children
deer
()
deer
fish
()
fish
goose
()
geese
sheep
()
sheep

Plural Forms of Nouns
http://www.larisaschooloflanguage.net/Plural_of_nouns.html
46
POSSESSIVE CASE OF NOUNS

1. :
(the Common ase) (the Possessive Case).
.
:
After exams ( ) students () of the history faculty
() left for an archaeological expedition.

.
2. ,
.
's ( s)
.
,
, .. :
1. [s]:
The cadet's book [kedets] -
2. [z]:
Frunze's works ['frunzaz] -
The worker's profession -
3. [iz]:
Bush's songs -
3. ,
-s, -ss, -x,
('). [iz]:
Dickens' ['dikinziz] works -
4. ,
-s,
('):
His brothers teacher -
,
, , ,
's:
47
Her children's room -

5. 's
:
Editor-in-chief' s room -
:
Live by one's finger's ends -
For pity's sake -
A pin's head - .

of. of
:
The centre of the city -

ADJECTIVES. DEGREES OF COMPARISON
Adjective
Comparative
Degree
Superlative Degree

Regular
Long ()
Cold ()
Longer
()
Colder
()
Longest (
)
Coldest(
)
Adjectives ending in -e
,
-
Large ()
Wide ()
Larger ()
Wider ()
Adjectives ending in
vowel + -t or -d
,

+ -t -d
Adjectives ending
in y
Hot ()
Red ()
Hotter ()
Redder
()
Largest (
)
Widest
(
)
Hottest (
)
Reddest (
)
Happy
()
Heavy ()
Dry ()
Happier
()
Heavier
()
Drier ()
,

-y
Happiest (
)
Heaviest (
)
Driest ( )
48
Adjectives with 3 or more

syllables
3

Expensive
()
Important
()
More expensive
( )
More important
( )
The most expensive

( )
The most important
( )
,
:
,
.

, ..
: difficult - , green - . ,
, "as ... as - ... ,
" "not so ... as - ... , ".
,
,
,
"-er" , .
There are also some irregular degrees of comparison you have to remember.
Good () - Better () - The best ()
Bad () - Worse () - The worst ()
Far () - Further/farther () - The furthest/farthest ( )
Little () - Less () - The least ()
Much/many () - More () - The most ()
Examples:
That is the highest building in the city. - - .
Andrew is studying harder than usual now. - .
This building is much higher than that one. , .

Comparative and Superlative
http://www.larisaschooloflanguage.net/Comperative_Superlative.html
49

ADVERBS. DEGREES OF COMPARISON
Adverbs describe verbs, showing the manner, place, time or frequency of an action.
- , , : "
(?) ; ( ?)",..
", ?".
(,
, .
Examples:
He reads well. -- .
She was wonderfully beautiful. -- .
He works slowly. -- .
I arrived early. -- .
I passed the exam easily. -- .
He bought a camera yesterday. -- .
We live here. -- .
I like her very much. -- .
They usually watch TV in the evenings. -- .
She is so nice. -- .
.
. - (here - , well - ),
"-ly" (slow / slowly / , happy / happily - / ),
(nowhere - , downstairs - ),
(at first - , , all of a sudden - ).
50
,
:
1. - now, soon, yesterday ( , , ).
2. - sometimes, often ( , ).
3. - here, inside, abroad ( , , ).
4. - badly, quickly, suddenly ( , , ).
5. - very, completely, too ( , , ) ..
.
,
:
"-er"
"-est".
IF WHEN
IF AND WHEN CONDITIONAL CLAUSES
"
, , .
,
, .
, .
"clauses".
, -
,
"conditional clauses", "if ()"
"when ( - , )".
Examples:
If the weather is good on Sunday, I always go for a walk in the park.
, .
I often visit Martin when I go to London.
, .
, -
, -
51
, -
. , "if / when"
.
. :
If the weather is good on Sunday, I'll go for a walk in the park.
, .
I'll visit Martin when I go to London.
, .
If you read in bed, you will ruin your eyes.
, .
Tell him everything if he asks.
, .

PREPOSITIONS AND CONJUNCTIONS
Co-ordinating Conjunctions
Subordinating Conjunctions:
and
- ()
but
- ()
or
- ()
either... or
- ...
neither...nor
- ...
both ... and
- ...
as well as
not only ...but
- ...
when
while
after
that
-,
as
before
since
if
, ,
, :
Her hair was dark and long. - .
It's fine but cold. - , .
Tea or coffee? - ?
52
,
, :
When she read the letter, she locked it in her desk.
, .
He knew that I would go with him if he asked me to.
, , .
Prepositions of Movement
http://www.larisaschooloflanguage.net/Flashcards_prepositions.html
Prepositions of Time
http://www.larisaschooloflanguage.net/Flashcards_Prepositions_TR7.html
Prepositions of Place
http://www.larisaschooloflanguage.net/Flashcards_prepositions_V8L.html

THE FUTURE IN THE PAST
,
.
"the Future in the Past" "should"
"would" ( to):
1. The Future Indefinite - The Future Indefinite in the Past
- (shall / will work - should / would work)
2. The Future Continuous - The Future Continuous in the Past
- (shall / will be working - should / would be working)
3. The Future Perfect - The Future Perfect in the Past
- (shall / will have worked - should / would have worked)
" " ,
,
, .
53
" "
:
We knew that we would manage somehow.
, - .
I expected we would be having coffee after dinner as usual.
, , , .
I hoped she would have got supper ready by the time we got home.
, .
The Future in the Past Tense ,
.
SHOULD
WOULD
+ INFINITIVE
Example:
Positive: He would speak.
Negative: He would not speak.
Question: Would he speak?
Short Answer: Yes, he would. / No, he would not. (No, he wouldn't.)

THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES
it is interesting (now).
Jim says (that)
it was interesting (yesterday).

it will be interesting (tomorrow).
it was interesting (now).
Jim said (that)
it had been interesting (yesterday).

it would be interesting (tomorrow).
54
(sequence of tenses):
.
,
(indirect speech). , ,
.
Direct Speech

Indirect Speech

this, these
that, those
now
then, at that moment
here
there
today
that day
tomorrow
the next day
the day after tomorrow
two days later

in two days
yesterday
the day before
the day before yesterday
two days before
ago
before

IRREGULAR VERBS
50 .

Infinitive
Past Simple
Past Participle
Beat
/bi:t/
beat
/bi:t/
beaten
/'bi:tn/
Become
/b 'km/
became
/b 'kem/
become
/b 'km/
Begin
/b 'gn/
began
/b 'gn/
begun
/b 'gn/
Bend
/bend/
bent
/bent/
bent
/bent/
Bind
/band/
bound
/band/
bound
/band/
55
Bite
/bat/
bit
/bt/
bitten
/'btn/
Bleed
/bli:d/
bled
/bled/
bled
/bled/
Blow
/blou/
blew
/blu:/
blown
/bloun/
Break
,
/brek/
broke
/brouk/
broken
/'broukn/
Bring
/br/
brought
/br:t/
brought
/br:t/
Build
/bld/
built
/blt/
built
/blt/
Burn
/b:rn/
burnt /
burned
/b:rnt/
burnt / burned /b:rnt/
Buy
/ba/
bought
/b:t/
bought
/b:t/
Catch
/kt/
,
caught
/k:t/
caught
/k:t/
Choose
/tu:z/
chose
/touz/
chosen
/'touzn/
Come
,
/km/
came
/kem/
come
/km/
Cost
/kst/
cost
/kst/
cost
/kst/
Cut
/kt/
cut
/kt/
cut
/kt/
Dig
/dg/
dug
/dg/
dug
/dg/
Do
,
/du:/
did
/dd/
done
/dn/
Draw
/dr:/
drew
/dru:/
drawn
/dr:n/
Dream
,

/dri:m/
dreamt /
dreamed
/dremt/
dreamt /
dreamed
/dremt/
56
Drink
/drk/
drank
/drk/
drunk
/drk/
Drive

/drav/
drove
/drouv/
driven
/'drvn/
Eat
/i:t/
ate
/et, et/
eaten
/'i:tn/
Fall
/f:l/
fell
/fel/
fallen
/'f:ln/
Feed
/fi:d/
fed
/fed/
fed
/fed/
Feel
/fi:l/
felt
/felt/
felt
/felt/
Fight
,
/fat/
fought
/f:t/
fought
/f:t/
Find
/fand/
found
/fand/
found
/fand/
Fly
/fla/
flew
/flu:/
flown
/floun/
Forget
/fr 'get/
forgot
/fr 'gt/
forgotten
/fr 'gtn/
Forgive
/fr 'gv/
forgave
/fr 'gev/
forgiven
/fr 'gvn/
Freeze
/fri:z/
froze
/frouz/
frozen
/'frouzn/
Get
/get/
got
/gt/
got / gotten
/gt/
Give
/gv/
gave
/gev/
given
/'gvn/
Go
,
/gou/
went
/went/
gone
/gn/
Grow
/grou/
grew
/gru:/
grown
/groun/
/h/
hung
/h/
hung
/h/
Hang
57
Have
/hv/
had
/hd/
had
/hd/
Hear
/hr/
heard
/h:rd/
heard
/h:rd/
Hide
/had/
hid
/hd/
hidden
/'hdn/
Hit
,
/ht/
hit
/ht/
hit
/ht/
Hold
,
/hould/
held
/held/
held
/held/
Hurt
,
/h:rt/
hurt
/h:rt/
hurt
/h:rt/
Keep
/ki:p/
kept
/kept/
kept
/kept/
Know
/nou/
knew
/nu:/
known
/noun/
Lay
/le/
laid
/led/
laid
/led/
Lead
/li:d/
led
/led/
led
/led/
Learn
,
/l:rn/
learnt /
learned
/l:rnt/
learnt /
learned
/l:rnt/
Leave
,
/li:v/
left
/left/
left
/left/
Lend

/lend/
lent
/lent/
lent
/lent/
Let
/let/
let
/let/
let
/let/
Lie
/la/
,
lay
/le/
lain
/len/
Lose
/lu:z/
lost
/lst/
lost
/lst/
/mek/
made
/med/
made
/med/
Make
,
58
Mean
/mi:n/
meant
/ment/
meant
/ment/
Meet
/mi:t/
met
/met/
met
/met/
Pay
/pe/
paid
/ped/
paid
/ped/
Put
,
/pt/
put
/pt/
put
/pt/
Read
/ri:d/
read
/red/
read
/red/
Ride
/rad/
rode
/roud/
ridden
/'rdn/
Ring
/r/
rang
/r/
rung
/r/
Rise
,
/raz/
rose
/rouz/
risen
/'rzn/
Run
/rn/
ran
/rn/
run
/rn/
Say
/se/
said
/sed/
said
/sed/
See
/si:/
saw
/s:/
seen
/si:n/
Sell
/sel/
sold
/sould/
sold
/sould/
Send
/send/
sent
/sent/
sent
/sent/
Set
,
/set/
set
/set/
set
/set/
Shake
/ek/
shook
/k/
shaken
/'ekn/
Shine
/an/
shone
/oun, n/
shone
/oun, n/
/u:t/
shot
/t/
shot
/t/
Shoot
59
Show
/ou/
showed
/oud/
shown
/oun/
Shut
/t/
shut
/t/
shut
/t/
Sing
/s/
sang
/s/
sung
/s/
Sink
/sk/
sank
/sk/
sunk
/sk/
Sit
/st/
sat
/st/
sat
/st/
Sleep
/sli:p/
slept
/slept/
slept
/slept/
Smell
/smel/
smelt /
smelled
/smelt/
smelt /
smelled
/smelt/
Speak
/spi:k/
spoke
/spouk/
spoken
/'spoukn/
Spell
/spel/
spelt /
spelled
/spelt/
spelt /
spelled
/spelt/
Spend
/spend/
(),
()
spent
/spent/
spent
/spent/
Spill
/spl/
spilt / spilled
/splt/
spilt / spilled
/splt/
Spit
/spt/
spat / spit
/spt/
spat / spit
/spt/
Split
/splt/
split
/splt/
split
/splt/
Spoil
/spol/
spoilt /
spoiled
/spolt/
spoilt /
spoiled
/spolt/
Stand
/stnd/
stood
/std/
stood
/std/
Steal
/sti:l/
stole
/stoul/
stolen
/'stouln/
Strike
/strak/
struck
/strk/
struck
/strk/
60
Swim
/swm/
swam
/swm/
swum
/swm/
Take
/tek/
took
/tk/
taken
/'tekn/
Teach
/ti:t/
taught
/t:t/
taught
/t:t/
Tear
/ter/
tore
/tr/
torn
/trn/
Tell
/tel/
told
/tould/
told
/tould/
Think
/k/
thought
/:t/
thought
/:t/
Throw
/rou/
threw
/ru:/
thrown
/roun/
Understand
/ndr 'stnd/
understood
/ndr 'std/ understood
Wake
/wek/
woke
/wouk/
woken
/'woukn/
Wear

/wer/
wore
/wr/
worn
/wrn/
Win
/wn/
won
/wn/
won
/wn/
Write
/rat/
wrote
/rout/
written
/'rtn/
/ndr 'std/
ELEMENTARY
ELEMENTARY WORDLIST
Elementary Wordlist 1
age (n)
all right (adj)
American (adj)
aunt (n)
bad (adj)
61
beautiful (adj)
big (adj)
blog (n)
boyfriend (n)
brother (n)
bye
cafe (n)
car (n)
centre (n)
cheap (adj)
children (pl n)
city (n)
class (n)
coffee bar (n)
cold (adj)
cousin (n)
()
darling (n)
difficult (adj)
doctor (n)
easy (adj)
Egypt (n)
email address (n)
English (adj)
Europe (n)
62
expensive (adj)
family (n)
fast (adj)
father (n)
first name (n)
free (adj)
French (adj)
Friday
friendly (adj)
from (prep)
gallery (n)
Germany (n)
girl (n)
girlfriend (n)
good (adj)
good afternoon
good morning
good night
goodbye
grandfather (n)
grandmother (n)
great (adj)
hello
her (pron)
63
hi
he (pron)
his (pron)
home (n)
( )
homework (n)
( )
horrible (adj)
hot (adj)
house (n)
( )
Hungary (n)
husband (n)
interesting (adj)
international (adj)
Italian (adj)
Japan (n)
language (n)
( )
like (v)
live (v)
look (v)
love (v)
lovely (adj)
, ,
married (adj)
()
meal (n)
meet (v)
Mexico (n)
64
Monday
mother (n)
museum (n)
name (n)
near (adj/prep)
nephew (n)
nice (adj)
, ,
niece (n)
office (n)
old (adj)
parents (pl n)
park (n)
people (n)
phone number (n)
places (pl n)
please
really (adv)
Rome (n)
salesman (n)
same (pron)
school (n)
shopping (n)
shops (pl n)
sister (n)
65
slow (adj)
small (adj)
son (n)
Spain (n)
speak (v)
spell (n)
student (n)
sunny (adj)
surname (n)
Switzerland (n)
teacher (n)
thank goodness
thanks
()
them (pron)
today (n)
uncle (n)
underground (n)
, ,
understand (v)
university (n)
very well (adj)
weather (n)
weekend (n)
( )
welcome
west (n)
66
what (pron)
where (adv)
wife (n)
year (n)
young (adj)
accountant (n)
actress (n)
airport (n)
animal (n)
architect (n)
ballet dancer (n)
banker (n)
Belgium (n)
Bengali (adj)
building (n)
busy (adj)
capital (n)
, ,
clock (n)
come (v)
cost (v)
country (n)
cut (v)
67
dentist (n)
desert (n)
design (v)
disc jockey (n)
earn (v)
engineer (n)
exactly (adv)
exciting (adj)
famous (adj)
France (n)
free time (n)
go (v)
gym (n)
hair (n)
hairdresser (n)
have (v)
history (n)
hotel (n)
hour (n)
housework (n)
hurry (v)
India (n)
lnternet (n)
interpreter (n)
()
68
job (n)
journalist (n)
law firm (n)
Iawyer (n)
learn (v)
lucky (adj)
lunch (n)
many (pron)
(
)
maths (n)
model (n)
money (n)
natural (adj)
never (adv)
New Zealand (n)
news story (n)
newspaper (n)
nurse (n)
oil rig (n)
outdoors (n)
physics (n)
pilot (n)
play (v)
poor (adj)
,
69
pop star (n)
reading (n)
receptionist (n)
salary (n)
Scotland (n)
snooker (n)
( )
sometimes (adv)
Spanish (adj)
study (v)
taxi driver (n)
teeth (n)
time (n)
tired (adj)
town (n)
travel (v)
TV (n)
village (n)
visit (v)
walk (v)
watch (v)
work (v)
world (n)
write (v)
zoologist (n)
70
always (adv)
apartment (n)
application form (n)
badminton (n)
band (n)
barefoot (adj)
bath (n)
bed (n)
bilingual (adj)
books (pl n)
bookstore (n) US
boutiques (pI n)
cards (pI n)
chicken (n)
cinema (n)
computer (n)
cook (v)
countryside (n)
cycling (n)
dancing (n)
early (adj)
enjoy (v)
evening (n)
71
excuse me
exercise (n)
finish (v)
flowers (pl n)
football (n)
foreign (adj)
garden centre (n)
get up (v)
golf (n)
grass (n)
happy (adj)
holiday (n)
, , ,
indoor (adj)
,
,
Indian (adj)
Japanese (adj)
listen (v)
little (adj)
massage (n)
mobile phone (n)
music (n)
often (adv)
outdoor (adj)
pardon
personal (adj)
72
poker (n)
post code (n)
postcard (n)
problem (n)
programme (n)
pub (n)
pudding (n)
restaurant (n)
roast (n)
running (n)
sailing (n)
Saturday
singer (n)
skiing (n)
spa (n)
( )
squash (n)
()
sticky (adj)
Sunday
swimming (n)
takeaway (n)
tennis (n)
Thursday
toffee (n)
( )
traffic (n)
73
Tuesday
Turkey (n)
usually (adv)
warm (adj)
Wednesday
week (n)
windsurfing (n)
above (prep)
address book (n)
amazing (adj)
armchair (n)
awfuI (adj)
balcony (n)
bathroom (n)
bedroom (n)
bench (n)
birthday (n)
bookshelves (pl n)
boss (n)
bowling alley (n)
bus fare (n)
bus stop (n)
74
carpet (n)
cathedral (n)
chemist's (n)
choose (v)
clothes (pl n)
coat (n)
colour (n)
comfortable (adj)
cooker (n)
curtains (pl n)
desk (n)
diary (n)
dining room (n)
dinner (n)
DVD player (n)
eat (v)
elevator (n) US
excellent (adj)
fabulous (adj)
fantastic (adj)
fireplace (n)
first floor (n)
flat (n)
fridge (n)
75
fruit (n)
furniture (n)
gardener (n)
gift (n)
glass (n)
government building (n)
grow (v)
guest (n)
in (prep)
()
jogging track (n)
keys (pl n)
kitchen (n)
lamp (n)
library (n)
lipstick (n)
living room (n)
mirror (n)
movie theater (n) US
mug (n)
next to (prep)
()
on (prep)
()
opposite (prep)
()
outside (prep)
()
oven (n)
76
party (n)
pavement (n)
pen (n)
phone (n)
picture (n)
plate (n)
post office (n)
president (n)
public (n)
purse (n)
relax (v)
rent (v)
, /
shoes (pl n)
shower (n)
sleep (v)
sofa (n)
swimming pool (n)
table (n)
tennis court (n)
terrible (adj)
third floor (n)
towel (n)
tree (n)
under (prep)
()
77
unfortunately (adv)
vegetables (pl n)
visitor (n)
wall (n)
wallet (n)
washing machine (n)
wedding (n)
window (n)
wine (n)
wing (n)
wonderful (adj)
worldfamous (adj)
advertisement (n)
afford (v)
()
art (n)
bag (n)
bike (n)
borrow (v)
business (n)
cello (n)
certainly (adv)
cheese (n)
78
child (n)
Chinese (adj)
classical music (n)
concert (n)
country and western (n)
credit card (n)
cry (v)
drive (v)
dry cleaning (n)
favour (n)
fly (v)
foreign language (n)
glasses (pl n)
guitar (n)
hard (adj)
hardworking (adj)
hero (n)
housewife (n)
icecream (n)
important (adj)
independent (adj)
interested (adj)
jeans (pl n)
jump (v)
79
lift (n)
light (n)
look after (v)
menu (n)
metre (n)
Mexican (n)
moment (n)
motorbike (n)
musical instrument (n)
occasion (n)
open (v)
painter (n)
painting (n)
passionate (adj)
pay (v)
petrol (n)
pianist (n)
post (v)
prodigy (n)
professionally (adv)
proud (adj)
resort (n)
return (v)
rich (adj)
80
ride (v)
()
sandwich (n)
send (v)
sentimental (adj)
shop (n)
sit (v)
skateboard (v)
speed (n)
station (n)
stop (v)
succeed (v)
success (n)
suit (n)
talented (adj)
talk (v)
television (n)
text message (n)
ticket (n)
tie (n)
turn back (v)
() ()
violin (n)
violinist (n)
water (n)
wear (v)
81
advice (n)
again (adv)
annoyed (adj)
anymore (adv)
(); ()
arrive (v)
artistic (adj)
; ;
ask (v)
award (n)
before (prep)
begin (v)
behaviour (n)
best friend (n)
billionaire (n)
boat (n)
bored (adj)
born (v)
breakfast (n)
businessman (n)
catch (v)
century (n)
charity (n)
childhood (n)
Christmas (n)
clean (v)
,
82
clever (adj)
coal mine (n)
company (n)
dad (n)
date (n)
daughters (pl n)
designer (n)
die (v)
dollars (pl n)
drama (n)
dyslexic (adj)
emails (pl n)
enough (adv)
entrepreneur (n)
everything (pron)
everywhere (adv)
exam (n)
excited (adj)
exclaim (v)
export (v)
fashion show (n)
film (n)
first (num)
fish (n)
83
fisherman (n)
football team (n)
friend (n)
tall (adj)
funny (adj)
gentleman (n)
give (v)
greatgrandparents (pl n)
help (v)
interview (v)
last night
last year
late (adj)
laugh (v)
leave (v)
lecture (n)
local (adj)
longer (adj)
lose (v)
lottery (n)
lots (of sth) (pl n)
()
make (v)
marathon (n)
match (n)
matter (v)
84
millionaire (v)
minutes (pl n)
month (n)
move (v)
, ,
much (det)
nationality (n)
news (n)
nothing (pron)
present (n)
problems (pl n)
radio station (n)
receive (v)
richest (adj)
run a company
scholarship (n)
siesta (n)
software (n)
start (v)
()
stay in touch
successful (adj)
talk show (n)
toast (n)
tomorrow
TV star (n)
Valentine's Day (n)
watch (v)
win (v)
85
women (pl n)
word (n)
worried (adj)
yesterday
Elementary Worldlist 7
accident (n)
air (n)
altitude (n)
arthritis (n)
astronaut (n)
at (prep)
, ,
aviation (n)
badly (adv)
because (conj)
cake (n)
carefully (adv)
channels (pl n)
collect (v)
college (n)
comics (pl n)
compass (n)
complete (v)
congratulations (pl n)
crash (v)
crossing (n)
dangerous (adj)
86
deeply (adv)
dishwasher (n)
education (n)
enormous (adj)
equipment (n)
events (pl n)
exploration (n)
fast food (n)
; ,

finally (adv)
fireworks (pI n)
flag (n)
flight (n)
fluently (adv)
fog (n)
fortunately (adv)
giant (adj)
habit (n)
high school (n)
hits (pl n)
hospital (n)
ill (adj)
immediately (adv)
impossible (adj)
injury (n)
inscription (n)
87
invitation (n)
invite (v)
It sounds greatl!
join (v)
journey (n)
know (v)
land (v)
leap (v)
Iife (n)
Iift off (v)
( )
lunar module (n)
man (n)
mankind (n)
midnight (n)
modern (adj)
moon (n)
movie (n)
no idea
nonstop (adj)
on (prep)
, ()
passport (n)
peace (n)
philosophy (n)
pioneer (n)
planes (pl n)
pocket money (n)

88
prepare (v)
professor (n)
, (
)
psychology (n)
publish (v)
put up (v)
, ()
quickly (adv)
qietly (adv)
relativity (n)
remember (v)
reporters (pI n)
rocket (n)
rocks (pl n)
roses (pl n)
sailor (n)
samples (pl n)
sell (v)
shirt (n)
slowly (adv)
spend (time) (v)
()
step (v)
suddenly (adv)
summer (n)
surface (n)
sweets (pl n)
term (n)
, ,
theme parks (pl n)

89
theory (n)
umbrella (n)
voyage (v)
wake up (v)
wave (v)
whole (adj)
wool (n)
adaptor (n)
add (v)
, ,
()
any (det)
apple (n)
apple juice (n)
aspirin (n)
bacon (n)
banana (n)
basil (n)
batteries (pl n)
beef (n)
biscuits (pl n)
boil (n)
boring (adj)
bottle (n)
boy (n)
bread (n)
90
broccoli (n)
butter (n)
carrots (pl n)
(.)
cartoon characters (pl n)
cats (pl n)
chef (n)
chips (pl n)
chocolate (n)
chop (v)
()
club (n)
coach (n)
cold drink (n)
cookbook (n)
cooking (n)
cottage pie (n)
crisps (pl n)
()
croissant (n)
daily (adj)
delicious (adj)
disgusting (adj)
dry (adj)
eggs (pl n)
envelopes (pl n)
especially (adv)
fashionable (adj)
favourite (adj)
(
;
)
fish fingers (pl n)
forget (v)
91
fry (v)
fussy (adj)
, ,
gamble (v)
grams (pl n)
ham (n)
hardware shop (n)

herbs (pl n)
honey (n)
how much
? (
)
hungry (adj)
I'm afraid
ingredient (n)
( ),
kid (n)
large (adj)
layer (n)
list (n)
magazine (n)
meat (n)
medium (adj)
milk (n)
minced (adj)
miss (v)
mix (v)
mustard (n)
need (v)
newsagent's (n)
no problem
notebook (n)
nuts (pl n)
oil (n)
olives (pl n)
92
onions (pl n)
order (v)
out (prep)
packet (n)
, ; ,
.
, ,
pasta (n)
peanut butter (n)
peas (pl n)
pepper (n)
plasters (pl n)
pocket (n)
popular (adj)
potatoes (pl n)
raspberry (n)
recipe (n)
record (v)
salad (n)
salt (n)
scissors (pl n)
screwdriver (n)
sellotape (n)
shampoo (n)
size (n)
slice (n)
smoothie (n)
( )
some (def)
sorry
spaghetti (n)
spend (v)
spices (pl n)
sports (pl n)

93
stamp (n)
starving (adj)
stationer's (n)
steak (n)
still (adv)
strawberries (pl n)
sugar (n)
survey (n)
tap water (n)
tea (n)
tomatoes (pl n)
toothpaste (n)
try (v)
until (prep)
, ()
waitress (n)
worldwide (adj)
worry (v)
yoghurt (n)
accent (n)
architecture (n)
air (n)
area (n)
artists (pl n)
banks (pl n)
blossom (n)
94
capital city (n)
carefuI (adj)
celebrities (pl n)
central (adj)
change (v)
cherry (n)
climate (n)
clubs (pl n)
church (n)
coast (n)
colonial (adj)
commercial centres (pl n)
commuter (n)
1) ,

( ); 2)
cool (adj)
crowded (adj)
culture (n)
earthquake (n)
east (n)
electricity (n)
elegant (adj)
emperor (n)
empire (n)
Englishman (n)
experience (n)
,
95
extreme (adj)
fashion (n)
fishing (n)
food (n)
foreigners (pI n)
generally (adv)
, ;
gold (n)
goods (pl n)
handicrafts (pl n)
headquarters (n)
highclass (adj)
hill (n)
historic (adj)
huge (adj)
humid (adj)
, , ,
hundreds (pl n)
independence (n)
industry (n)
, ,
invade (v)
; ,
jewellery (n)
kilometre (n)
latest (adj)
Ioud (adj)
market (n)
megacity (n)
metro (n)
mountains (pI n)
multicultural (adj)
96
mysterious (adj)
nightclub (n)
north (n)
of course
orange (adj)
originally (adv)
palace (n)
pedestrian crossing (n)
pink (adj)
polite (adj)
pollution (n)
population (n)
poverty (n)
prefer (v)
produce (v)
public bath (n)
public transport (n)
quality (n)
quieter (adj)
railway system (n)
rainy (adj)
river (n)
romantic (adj)
roundabout (n)
1) ;
2)
;
safe (adj)
sanitation (n)
1) ,
2) 3) ;
97
season (n)
shrine (n)
skyscrapers (pl n)
slums (pl n)
snacks (pl n)
somewhere (adv)
south (n)
spring (n)
square (n)
stone (adj)
subway system (n)
sunrise (n)
sunset (n)
surrounded (adj)
take place (v)
tall (adj)
tattoo (n)
temple (n)
theatre (n)
tourist attraction (n)
toy shop (n)
traditional (adj)
traffic lights (pI n)
traffic sign (n)
transport (n)
true (adj)
unique (adj)
uptodate (adj)
valley (n)
98
variety (n)
wet (adj)
wood (n)
Elementary Worldlist 10
actor (n)
affect (v)
alike (adj)
attached (adj)
1) ; 2) (
, ); 3)
bank holiday (n)
below (prep)
blond (adj)
blue (n)
; ; ;
bone (n)
boots (pl n)
brown (n)
build (v)
coat (n)
compartment (n)
, ( )
compete (v)
condition (pl n)
99
couple (n)
dark (adj)
decide (v)
detective (n)
develop (v)
(); ()
dress (n)
earth (n)
effects (pl n)
1) , ; 2) ,
;
experiment (n)
fair (adj)
fight (v)
float (v)
glasses (pl n)
goodlooking (adj)
, ;

gravity (n)
handsome (adj)
, ( )
happen (v)
hat (n)
identical (adj)
incredible (adj)
instruments (pl n)
100
jeans (n)
laboratory (n)
laptop (n)
long (adj)
message (n)
muscle (n)
never mind
noise (n)
orbit (v)
1) (
)
origin (n)
oxygen (n)
planet (n)
preparation (n)
pretty (adj)
, ( )
purple (n)
research (n)
romance (n)
1) ;
; 2)

sauce (n)
scarf (n)
shoes (pl n)
101
short (adj)
shorts (pl n)
skirt (n)
spicey (adj)
, ( )
spoon (n)
star (n)
suit (n)
supplies (pl n)
switch on (v)
Tshirt (n)
tall (adj)
tasty (adj)
tin (n)
trainers (pl n)
truth (n)
twins (pl n)
universe (n)
unusual (adj)
washingup (n)
backpack (n)
carry (v)
102
climb (v)
colourful (adj)
cruise (n)
do the washing (v)
drop (v)
due (adj)
, ,
fall (v)
fields (pl n)
folk song (n)

freedom (n)
frightened (adj)
future (n)
grow up (v)
harmony (n)
hat (n)
hire (v)
hospitality (n)
human (adj)
jacket (n)
kiss (v)
passersby (pI n)
pay rise (n)

peaceful (adj)
perfect (adj)
picnic (n)
plan (v)
podcasts (pl n)
(
,
)
103
pyramids (pl n)
retire (v)
safari (n)
sign (n)
simple (adj)
sneeze (v)
soon (adv)
storm (n)
stressful (adj)
, , ,
suitcase (n)
supper (n)
thunder (n)
Wales (n)
walking stick (n)
website (n)
woods (pl n)
, ,
acres (pl n)
1) ( ; = 0,4
4047 2); 2) (acres) , ,
acts (pI n)
atmosphere (n)
attend (v)
Australia (n)
Brazil (n)
104
brilliant (adj)
cancel (v)
check in (v)
( ,
)
China (n)
cider (n)
colleague (n)
continual (adj)
crowd (n)
death (n)
definite (adj)
departures board (n)
disappointed (adj)
Egypt (n)
ever (adv)
express (v)
fail (v)
festival (n)
festival goers (pl n)
get on (v)
Great Britain (n)

Greece (n)
hand luggage (n)
Italy (n)
Japan (n)
jumbo jet (n)
just (adv)
105
knees (pl n)
luggage (n)
memories (pI n)
mud (n)
noisy (adj)
openair (adj)
packing (n)
performer (n)
piece (n)
platform (n)
poem (n)
print (v)
queue (n)
refer to (v)
rise (v)
rock concert (n)
rubbish (adj)
savings (pl n)
scuba dive (v)
security (n)
slogan (n)
stage (n)
, ,
sunshine (n)
, ,
( )
taxi (n)
tent (n)
, ,
106
the US (n)
trip (n)
van (n)
(),
yet (adv)
1) ( ); 2) (
)
107

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For more information visit us at http://www.larisaschooloflanguage.

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Copyright 2012 LSL Education Network

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The English Alphabet

Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers

Compound Numbers Reading and Writing Examples

Countries and Nationalities

Parts of Speech in English

The Verb To Have (to have got)

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many, few, a few, much, little, a little

Questions to the Subject

English Tenses Review

The Present Simple Tense

The Past Simple Tense

The Present Continuous (Progressive) Tense

The Past Continuous (Progressive) Tense

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The Present Perfect Tense

The Past Perfect Tense

The Future Perfect Tense

Singular and Plural Nouns

The Possessive Case of Nouns

Adjectives. Degrees of Comparison

Adverbs. Degrees of Comparison

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THE ENGLISH ALPHABET

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100, 1000, 1000000

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? TELLING TIME IN ENGLISH

Example: 7:45 - seven forty-five ['sev()n 'ft fav]

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(also Japanese, Burmese, Lebanese, Vietnamese, Congolese)

the Netherlands (Holland)

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Liza is a Russian teacher. Shes thirty. Shes

Her husband, Sergey, is at work in his

They have two children, Anna and Sveta.

TO HAVE (TO HAVE GOT)

I have got (Ive got)

You have got (youve got)

You havent got

H/She/It has got (hes got)

H/She/It hasnt got

You have (youve got)

You havent got

They have (theyve got)

They havent got

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Have I/you/we/they got?

Yes, I/you/we/they have

Has he/she/it got?

Yes, he/she/it has