Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
N1RNAYA SINDHU
By
KAMALAKARA BHATTA
Telugu Translation
By
Dr.
Kidambi Narasimhacharya
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II
Foreword
Dr. B. Narasimhacharyulu
Prof,
ER ff
f
There
is
course
Sun
rises
at
come
Every
thing in the
,
world
,
has ab
*
i
"
i
-i,
by
certain
it
law. ..;',>;
In the
'
it
'
f!
was
callejl -vtft
Later
'
was known
ini
as
%tt;
t^us;
!
^e have
'
*
i
the Negative
g^q-jf c
falsehood
later period.
.
It i&as tcalled)
\7
aiso'lcnoWn as
i
'"'
'
following roots,
ii) EP3f
i)
gfsr
irdt
to go i^f fa
LI
g^fa ^if^.
iii)
ge -
}
/
^TT%~ ( \ SRT e
R5r)
cf.
Spl gi^f
to uphold,
use<*
*
to nourish to
support ^Tfe-ERfa'
-cTTfir
*n
^ e ^ a it
-
*s
Even according
Brahtnana
works "dharma appears to be leading a life of duty and responsibility" Dharma was used in the sense of law and order
in the Rgvedic period. As the words of one language, are not
some
is
one
mean-
ings-law, truth, leagal activity, order, tradition, restriction, confession of guilt, good activity, virtue, religion, rightlousness, duty, and the deity of law. This gjf is of three kinds
says the
Mahabharata-%^;
f:
c^jft
g^
^qf^re^Tcfr qR:
<R:
tlle
sffcER^ft W?: ^T^r: it apr Ti 141-65. o custom or tradition or the practice of the learg-jf.
ned
is
rules of
of gain and
loss-
fq^ZTspif
Nityakarmas are to be performed without aiming at the result. But the tf*r%E and sppRf are also to be performed as the
f>
health and resources permit. The Indian tradition has vast literature on gif variously designated. There are injunctions in the Vedas i.e. samhitas, the brahmanas the aranyakas and Upanishads- There are 'Dharmasutras forming part of the Kalpa Sutras which in turn are the arar s or ancillary
be differences of opinion as regard to the fixation of time for the rituals, the actual performance, the methods of performance, condiwill
texts
of the Vedas.
There
eligibility
tions etc.
Such problems are discussed threadbare in the These works record fipznfrM and are themselves
STRUTS. Thus they
constitute
the two-thirds
of three fold
Dharma
The Nirnayasindhu is
Nirnayasindhu is composed by the renouned Kamalakarabhatta. The Bhatta family migrated to Benaras from the south. His grand father Narayanabhatta was wellknown and bore the title 'Jagadguru', He was given first place of honour in the learned assembly. He is credited with
the works
The
commentary on
.
etc.
and a
a son
il
7th
verse of
following verse-aft
i
where
in he speaks
He has composed twenty works, \\ on Dharmasastra only. All his Dharma sastra works are very popular and quoted in judicial matters. It is said by M. M. P. V. Kane, the author of the History of
half of which are
Dharmasastra, that the Sudrakamalakara, the Vivadatandava and the Nirnayasindhu were the most famous of his
M. M,
P.
V. Kane,
the
Kamalakara
is
monument
of
erudition, industry and lucidity'. It is no surprise that as early as 1905 it was translated into tnarathi and published.
The N.S. was composed in the 1668 Vikramasamvat on 14th day of the dark fortnight of the month of Magha'in the Roudra year of the sixty-year-cycle, This is equalent to 20th
Feb. 1612. M, M* Haraprasad sastri had different version according to which K. Bh. wrote N.S. in the year 1678. It is rightly refuted by M.M. Kane as that did not corroborate with the Roudra. The verse in question is the 6th verse at the end of N.S.
?nrfe
fiffsfinflr
^rorfaftef
^qfoTOsftfawr
etc.
M.M.
^gw^qfir^
Besides other.
writers the meter will be wrong if this reading is to be accepted. Thus Kamalakara's p literary activity as decided by earlier writers on the His. of *%. Dharma shastra as between 1610-1640, seems to be the most
"*
acceptable proposition.
From
KB can
NB
"
Naganathabhatta of Visvamitragotra
I
Angadevabhatta
Govindabhatta
1
Ramesvarabhatta
Narayanabhatta
i
Divakarabhatta
KB
Laksmanabhatta
It
is
Wonderful coincidence
that
Grandfathef
and
(1602)
.
'
end and K.
1
;
^^5^5^%
v
etc.
bh was also
qKlfcffa^cftsq TTfcf tf.,,-;.. end of NS, Like Narayana Bhatta, Ka-' the devotee of Sri Rama& the both dedicated their
*O Cs
'
works to Sri
Rama and
all
*ff
TT^^^^^TJ^iT
the
feet,
NB.
said;.
I
^FcTTR^^^ffr^
1
works of K, Bh
The references
to the
NS
also
support the period for the author given above. According to P.V. Kane one hundred smrtis and three hundred Nibandhakaras are mentioned in the NS. It appears to me that the
erstwhile
frfofq'g'TTpc
press
Nirnayasindhu.
paricchedas. The author gives his decision time for the performance of religious rituals. after due ponderance over the opinions of
volumious work, divldedin to three on the proper This he does Hemadri and Madhava, the exponents of the dharmasastra works. As rightly pointed out by him, only a gifted and selected few could 1-7 and follow his work. *FT& W*rfcT
is
The Nirnayasindhu
flfT^--^f,
fasro:
II
crf^Rgre^ ^fer crm^ff^t^^f 1-8. Thus the work may, also, be called as
i
pariccheda deals with decision of what is Ihe Then it types of year; likewise month. takes up sankranti rites and gifts to be given on the occasion. It has discussion on ksayamasa, suddha and viddha tithis, various vratas and festivels to be performed during the year.
first
The
year,
how many
My
the
has rendered
into simple and lucid telugu. But for whose rendition the Nirnaya sindhu would have been in the reach of disting-
NS
vished scholars alone. As the svadhyaya is to be studied without profit motive, Dharma should be adhered an practised without pros and coos of profit and loss. It is an odd combination of things. The work is in Sanskrit on Dharma*
sastra, it is translated into telugu and I am requested to write foreword in english, I, who do not know much either of Dharmasastra or Telugu. My only qualification is friendship with the translator since 30 years. I wish the Telugu reading public whould accept the book with great fervour and benefit by it, I also wish, the author, my friend, shall bring out an early translation & publication of the remaining two chapters
of the N. S.
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