What makes up the Nervous System?

NEURONS
NERVE CELLS

DENDRITES: CARRIES IMPULSES TOWARD THE CELL BODY AXON: CARRIES IMPULSES AWAY FROM THE CELL BODY
NEUROTRANSMITTERS ARE SPECIAL CHEMICALS THAT ALLOW NERVE IMPULSES TO PASS THROUGH THE NEURONS

NERVES
BUNDLES OR GROUPS OF MANY NERVE FIBERS OUTSIDE OF THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
CORD

AFFERENT-SENSORY- NERVES THAT CARRY MESSAGES FROM ALL PARTS OF THE BODY TO THE BRAIN AND SPINAL

EFFERENT-MOTOR- ARE NERVES THAT CARRY MESSAGES FROM THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD TO MUSCLES AND
GLANDS

ASSOCIATIVE- NERVES THAT CARRY BOTH SENSORY AND MOTOR MESSAGES

SYSTEMS
1. 2.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM- CNS: CONSISTS OF THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM- PNS: CONSISTS OF THE NERVES

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM: INVOLUNTARY BODY FUNCTIONS

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

 A MASS OF NERVE TISSUES PROTECTED BY MEMBRANES AND THE SKULL; WITH MANY SECTIONS
VOLUNTARY BODY MOVEMENT

BRAIN

CEREBRUM: RESPONSIBLE FOR REASONING, THOUGHT, MEMORY, SPEECH, SENSATION, SIGHT, SMELL, HEARING, CEREBELLUM: RESPONSIBLE FOR MUSCLE COORDINATION, BALANCE AND POSTURE, AND MUSCLE TONE DIENCEPHALON: CONTAINS THE THALAMUS (DIRECTS SENSORY IMPULSES) & HYPOTHALAMUS (REGULATES AND
CONTROLS TEMPERATURE, APPETITE, WATER BALANCE, SLEEP, BLOOD VESSEL CONSTRICTION AND DILATION, AND EMOTIONS

MIDBRAIN: RESPONSIBLE FOR CONDUCTING IMPULSES BETWEEN BRAIN PARTS AND FOR CERTAIN EYE AND
AUDITORY REFLEXES

PONS: RESPONSIBLE FOR CHEWING, TASTING, SALIVA PRODUCTION, AND RESPIRATION MEDULLA OBLONGATA: RESPONSIBLE FOR REGULATING HEARTBEAT, RESPIRATION, SWALLOWING, COUGHING, AND
BLOOD PRESSURE

SPINAL CORD
FROM THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA TO THE FIRST OR SECOND LUMBAR VERTEBRAE PROTECTED BY VERTEBRAE RESPONSIBLE FOR MANY REFLEX ACTIONS, CARRYING SENSORY MESSAGES TO THE BRAIN, AND
CARRYING MOTOR MESSAGES FROM THE BRAIN TO THE MUSCLES AND GLANDS

MENINGES
THREE MEMBRANES THAT PROTECT THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
DURA MATER- THICK AND TOUGH OUTER LAYER ARACHNOID MEMBRANE- MIDDLE WEB LIKE AND DELICATE LAYER PIA MATER- CLOSELY ATTACHED TO THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD; CONTAINS BLOOD VESSELS THAT NOURISH
THE NERVE TISSUE

VENTRICLES
THE BRAIN HAS FOUR HOLLOW SPACES THAT CONNECT WITH EACH OTHER AND THE SPACE UNDER THE ARACHNOID MEMBRANE FILLED WITH CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
CIRCULATE BETWEEN VENTRICLES CONSTANTLY SERVES AS A SHOCK ABSORBER CARRIES NUTRIENTS TO PARTS OF THE BRAIN HELPS REMOVE WASTE FROM THE BODY

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

12 PAIRS OF CRANIAL NERVES AND THEIR BRANCHES
RESPONSIBLE FOR SIGHT, HEARING, TASTE, SMELL, TOUCH, PRESSURE, PAIN, AND TEMPERATURE SUPPLIES SENSATION TO LARGER PARTS OF THE BODY

31 PAIRS OF SPINAL NERVES AND THEIR BRANCHES

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

MAINTAINS A BALANCE IN THE INVOLUNTARY FUNCTIONS OF THE BODY AND ALLOWS THE BODY TO REACT
DURING AN EMERGENCY