Design Data:-

Plan length of the building l = 19.00m

Plan depth of the building w = 16.00m
Height of the building excluding pitched roof h = 12.00m
Dead weight of AC sheets = 0.13KN/sqm
Dead weight of purlins,fixtures and false roofing system = 0.45KN/sqm
Span of the truss = 16.00m
Height of the truss = 3.00m
Spacing of trusses = 3.832m
Live load on pitched roof (For pitched roof having slope 20.56
0
) = 0.54KN/sqm
Distance between the nodal points(purlin locations) on top rafter = 1.709m
Wind coefficients upto 10m height :-
k1 (risk coefficient assuming 50 years of design life) = 1.00
k2 (assuming terrain category 2&Class of structure A ) = 1.00
k3 = 1.0 (topography factor) 1.00
Basic wind speed V
b
= 50.00m/sec
Internal wind pressure coefficient C
pi
(Buildings with low permeability) = 0.20
Slope of the pitched roof in degrees = 20.56
Wind coefficients upto 15m height :-
k1 (risk coefficient assuming 50 years of design life) = 1.00
k2 (assuming terrain category 2&Class of structure A ) = 1.05
k3 = 1.0 (topography factor) 1.00
Basic wind speed V
b
= 50.00m/sec
Internal wind pressure coefficient C
pi
(Buildings with low permeability 0.20
with openings less than 5%) =
Slope of the pitched roof in degrees = 20.56
Over hang = 0.50m
Analysis of Roof truss
The plan and elevation of the shed are as shown below:-
Load Calculations:-
Dead Load of roof = 0.58KN/sqm
Dead load/m run on rafter = 2.223KN/m
Live Load = 0.54KN/sqm
Live load/m run on rafter = 2.065KN/m
Calculation of Wind Load:-
Upto 10m height:-
Assuming the building is situated in Vijayawada, the basic wind speed is = 50.00m/sec
Design wind speed, V
z
= k
1
k
2
k
3
V
b
= 50.00m/sec
Design wind pressure, P
d
= 0.6*Vz
2
= 1.50KN/sqm
In between 10 to 15m height:-
Assuming the building is situated in Vijayawada, the basic wind speed is = 50.00m/sec
Design wind speed, V
z
= k
1
k
2
k
3
V
b
= 52.50m/sec
Design wind pressure, P
d
= 0.6*Vz
2
= 1.65KN/sqm
For simplicity adopt uniform wind pressure upto 15m height,which is 1.65KN/sqm
12.00
3.00
16.00
ELEVATION
16.00
19.00
PLAN
Wind Load on Roofs:-
h/w = 0.75
Exposed area of each slope of roof, per frame is 32.74sqm
From table 5 of IS 875--Part-3:1985,the external wind pressure coefficients are as given below:-
Wind angle C
pi
in degrees Windward Leeward Windward Leeward Windward Leeward
-0.700 -0.5 0.20 -0.9 -0.7 -48.729398 -37.9006425
-0.700 -0.5 -0.20 -0.5 -0.3 -27.071888 -16.2431325
-0.8 -0.8 0.20 -1 -1 -54.143775 -54.143775
-0.6 -0.6 -0.20 -0.4 -0.4 -21.65751 -21.65751
As per the preliminary dimensions assumed,the shape of the truss is as given below:-
Total wind load in KN
0
90
C
pe
(C
pe
-C
pi
)
16.00
OVER ALL WIND PRESSURE ON ROOF
1
.6
5
1
.6
5
12.00
WIND
3.00
20.56
1.600
1.709
3.000
2.400
1.800
1.200
0.600
20.56
1.600
1.709
3.000
2.400
1.800
1.200
0.600
Concentrated loads on nodes :-
Dead load at intermediate node points = 3.56KN
(corresponding to purlin locations)
Dead load at eaves& end points = 1.78
Superimposed load at intermediate node points = 3.30KN
(corresponding to purlin locations)
Dead load at eaves& end points = 1.65
Wind load at intermediate node points on windward side = -10.83KN
Wind load at intermediate node points on leeward side = -10.83KN
Vertical component of wind load on windward side@ = -10.14KN
intermediate nodal points
Vertical component of wind load on leeward side@ = -10.14KN
intermediate nodal points
Vertical component of wind load @ at ridge = -10.14KN
Horizontal component of wind load on windward side@ = -3.80KN
intermediate nodal points
Horizontal component of wind load on leeward side@ = -3.80KN
intermediate nodal points
Horizontal component of wind load @ at ridge = 0.00KN
As per the table 4 of IS 800-2007,the following load combinations are to be considered:-
i)1.5DL + 1.5LL
ii)0.9DL + 1.5WL
Seismic loads are not considered,because the effect of wind load is much more pronounced than
that of siesmic activity.
Load combinations :-
i) 1.5DL + 1.5LL
Vertical load windward = 10.29KN
Vertical load leeward = 10.29KN
Vertical load at ridge = 10.29KN
ii) 0.9DL + 1.5WL
Vertical load windward = -12.01KN
Vertical load leeward = -12.01KN
Vertical load at ridge = -12.01KN
Horizontal load windward = -3.80KN
Horizontal load leeward = -3.80KN
Horizontal load at ridge = 0.00KN (Windward side)
The results of analysis using STADD.Pro.2007 along with steel design are enclosed.
Analysis of Roof truss
20.56
1.600
1.709
3.000
2.400
1.800
1.200
0.600
20.56
1.600
1.709
3.000
2.400
1.800
1.200
0.600
#DIV/0!
Design Data:-
Plan length of the building l = 19.00m
Plan depth of the building w = 16.00m
Height of the building excluding pitched roof h = 12.00m
Span of the truss = 16.00m
Height of the truss = 3.00m
Spacing of trusses = 3.832m
Height of each bay = 2.750m
Column spacing for cross wall(Gable) = 3.172m
Wind coefficients upto 10m height :-
k1 (risk coefficient assuming 50 years of design life) = 1.00
k2 (assuming terrain category 2&Class of structure A ) = 1.00
k3 = 1.0 (topography factor) 1.00
Basic wind speed V
b
= 50.00m/sec
Internal wind pressure coefficient C
pi
(Buildings with low permeability) = 0.20
Wind coefficients upto 15m height :-
k1 (risk coefficient assuming 50 years of design life) = 1.00
k2 (assuming terrain category 2&Class of structure A ) = 1.05
k3 = 1.0 (topography factor) 1.00
Basic wind speed V
b
= 50.00m/sec
Internal wind pressure coefficient C
pi
(Buildings with low permeability 0.20
with openings less than 5%) =
Over hang = 0.50m
The plan and elevation of the shed are as shown below:-
Wind load calculations on RCC Structure
12.00
3.00
16.00
ELEVATION
16.00
19.00
PLAN
Calculation of Wind Load:-
Upto 10m height:-
Assuming the building is situated in Vijayawada, the basic wind speed is = 50.00m/sec
Design wind speed, V
z
= k
1
k
2
k
3
V
b
= 50.00m/sec
Design wind pressure, P
d
= 0.6*Vz
2
= 1.50KN/sqm
In between 10 to 15m height:-
Assuming the building is situated in Vijayawada, the basic wind speed is = 50.00m/sec
Design wind speed, V
z
= k
1
k
2
k
3
V
b
= 52.50m/sec
Design wind pressure, P
d
= 0.6*Vz
2
= 1.65KN/sqm
For simplicity adopt uniform wind pressure upto 15m height,which is 1.65KN/sqm
Wind Load on walls transferred to nodal points:-
i)Longitudinal walls:-
The wind load, W
L
acting normal to the individual surfaces is given by
W
L
= (C
pe
C
pi
) A*P
d
12.00
3.00
16.00
ELEVATION
16.00
19.00
PLAN
a)Effective exposed area of the wall for nodes at plinth beam level&top beam level, A = 5.27sqm
(Intermediate nodal points)
Assuming buildings with low degree of permeability,the internal pressure coefficient C
pi
=
For the proposed building, h/w = 0.75
l/w = 1.1875
From table 4 of IS 875--Part-3:1985,the external wind pressure coefficients are as given below:-
Wind angle C
pi
0
0
degrees
Face A Face B Face A Face B Face A Face B
0.7 -0.25 0.20 0.5 -0.45 4.35763125 -3.921868125
0.7 -0.25 -0.20 0.9 -0.05 7.84373625 -0.435763125
b)Effective exposed area of the wall for nodes at plinth beam level&top beam level, A = 2.64sqm
(End nodal points)
Assuming buildings with low degree of permeability,the internal pressure coefficient C
pi
=
For the proposed building, h/w = 0.75
l/w = 1.1875
From table 4 of IS 875--Part-3:1985,the external wind pressure coefficients are as given below:-
Wind angle C
pi
0
0
degrees
Face A Face B Face A Face B Face A Face B
0.7 -0.25 0.20 0.5 -0.45 2.178815625 -1.960934063
0.7 -0.25 -0.20 0.9 -0.05 3.921868125 -0.217881563
c)Effective exposed area of the wall for nodes at intermediate level, A = 10.54sqm
(Intermediate nodal points)
Assuming buildings with low degree of permeability,the internal pressure coefficient C
pi
=
For the proposed building, h/w = 0.75
l/w = 1.1875
From table 4 of IS 875--Part-3:1985,the external wind pressure coefficients are as given below:-
Wind angle C
pi
0
0
degrees
Face A Face B Face A Face B Face A Face B
0.7 -0.25 0.20 0.5 -0.45 8.7152625 -7.84373625
0.7 -0.25 -0.20 0.9 -0.05 15.6874725 -0.87152625
Long walls
Long walls
Total wind load in KN
C
pe
(C
pe
-C
pi
) Total wind load in KN
Long walls
C
pe
(C
pe
-C
pi
)
C
pe
(C
pe
-C
pi
) Total wind load in KN
d)Effective exposed area of the wall for nodes at intermediate level, A = 5.27sqm
(End nodal points)
Assuming buildings with low degree of permeability,the internal pressure coefficient C
pi
=
For the proposed building, h/w = 0.75
l/w = 1.1875
From table 4 of IS 875--Part-3:1985,the external wind pressure coefficients are as given below:-
Wind angle C
pi
0
0
degrees
Face A Face B Face A Face B Face A Face B
0.7 -0.25 0.20 0.5 -0.45 4.35763125 -3.921868125
0.7 -0.25 -0.20 0.90 -0.05 7.84373625 -0.435763125
ii)Cross walls:-
The wind load, W
L
acting normal to the individual surfaces is given by
W
L
= (C
pe
C
pi
) A*P
d
a)Effective exposed area of the wall for nodes at plinth beam level&top beam level, A = 4.36sqm
(Intermediate nodal points)
Assuming buildings with low degree of permeability,the internal pressure coefficient C
pi
=
For the proposed building, h/w = 0.75
l/w = 1.1875
From table 4 of IS 875--Part-3:1985,the external wind pressure coefficients are as given below:-
Wind angle C
pi
0
0
degrees
Face C Face D Face C Face D Face C Face D
-0.6 -0.6 0.20 -0.8 -0.8 -5.76828 -5.76828
-0.6 -0.6 -0.20 -0.4 -0.4 -2.88414 -2.88414
b)Effective exposed area of the wall for nodes at plinth beam level&top beam level, A = 2.18sqm
(End nodal points)
Assuming buildings with low degree of permeability,the internal pressure coefficient C
pi
=
For the proposed building, h/w = 0.75
l/w = 1.1875
From table 4 of IS 875--Part-3:1985,the external wind pressure coefficients are as given below:-
Long walls
C
pe
(C
pe
-C
pi
) Total wind load in KN
Cross walls
C
pe
(C
pe
-C
pi
) Total wind load in KN
Wind angle C
pi
0
0
degrees
Face C Face D Face C Face D Face C Face D
-0.6 -0.6 0.20 -0.8 -0.8 -2.88414 -2.88414
-0.6 -0.6 -0.20 -0.4 -0.4 -1.44207 -1.44207
c)Effective exposed area of the wall for nodes at intermediate level, A = 8.72sqm
(Intermediate nodal points)
Assuming buildings with low degree of permeability,the internal pressure coefficient C
pi
=
For the proposed building, h/w = 0.75
l/w = 1.1875
From table 4 of IS 875--Part-3:1985,the external wind pressure coefficients are as given below:-
Wind angle C
pi
0
0
degrees
Face C Face D Face C Face D Face C Face D
-0.6 -0.6 0.20 -0.8 -0.8 -11.53656 -11.53656
-0.6 -0.6 -0.20 -0.4 -0.4 -5.76828 -5.76828
d)Effective exposed area of the wall for nodes at intermediate level, A = 4.36sqm
(End nodal points)
Assuming buildings with low degree of permeability,the internal pressure coefficient C
pi
=
For the proposed building, h/w = 0.75
l/w = 1.1875
From table 4 of IS 875--Part-3:1985,the external wind pressure coefficients are as given below:-
Wind angle C
pi
0
0
degrees
Face C Face D Face C Face D Face C Face D
-0.6 -0.6 0.20 -0.8 -0.8 -5.76828 -5.76828
-0.6 -0.6 -0.20 -0.4 -0.4 -2.88414 -2.88414
Cross walls
C
pe
(C
pe
-C
pi
) Total wind load in KN
Total wind load in KN
Cross walls
C
pe
(C
pe
-C
pi
) Total wind load in KN
Cross walls
C
pe
(C
pe
-C
pi
)
Wind load calculations on RCC Structure
12.00
3.00
16.00
ELEVATION
16.00
19.00
PLAN
12.00
3.00
16.00
ELEVATION
16.00
19.00
PLAN
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
#DIV/0!
Design Data:-
Plan length of the building l = 19.00m
Plan depth of the building w = 16.00m
Height of the building excluding pitched roof h = 12.00m
Dead weight of AC sheets = 0.13KN/sqm
Dead weight of purlins,fixtures and false roofing system = 0.45KN/sqm
Span of the truss = 16.00m
Height of the truss = 3.00m
Spacing of trusses = 3.832m
Live load on pitched roof (For pitched roof having slope 20.56
0
) = 0.54KN/sqm
Distance between the nodal points(purlin locations) on top rafter = 1.709m
Sloped area of each slope of Roof = 32.74sqm
No.of Purlins provided = 5.00
Wind coefficients upto 10m height :-
k1 (risk coefficient assuming 50 years of design life) = 1.00
k2 (assuming terrain category 2&Class of structure A ) = 1.00
k3 = 1.0 (topography factor) 1.00
Basic wind speed V
b
= 50.00m/sec
Internal wind pressure coefficient C
pi
(Buildings with low permeability) = 0.20
Slope of the pitched roof in degrees = 20.56
Wind coefficients upto 15m height :-
k1 (risk coefficient assuming 50 years of design life) = 1.00
k2 (assuming terrain category 2&Class of structure A ) = 1.05
k3 = 1.0 (topography factor) 1.00
Basic wind speed V
b
= 50.00m/sec
Internal wind pressure coefficient C
pi
(Buildings with low permeability 0.20
with openings less than 5%) =
Slope of the pitched roof in degrees = 20.56
Design of Roof purlins&Truss Anchor Bolts
Over hang = 0.50m
The plan and elevation of the shed are as shown below:-
A)Design of Roof Purlins:-
Load Calculations:-
Dead Load of roof = 0.58KN/sqm
Dead load/m run of purlin = 0.991KN/m
Live Load = 0.54KN/sqm
Live load/m run of purlin = 0.921KN/m
Calculation of Wind Load:-
Upto 10m height:-
12.00
3.00
16.00
ELEVATION
16.00
19.00
PLAN
Assuming the building is situated in Vijayawada, the basic wind speed is = 50.00m/sec
Design wind speed, V
z
= k
1
k
2
k
3
V
b
= 50.00m/sec
Design wind pressure, P
d
= 0.6*Vz
2
= 1.50KN/sqm
In between 10 to 15m height:-
Assuming the building is situated in Vijayawada, the basic wind speed is = 50.00m/sec
Design wind speed, V
z
= k
1
k
2
k
3
V
b
= 52.50m/sec
Design wind pressure, P
d
= 0.6*Vz
2
= 1.65KN/sqm
For simplicity adopt uniform wind pressure upto 15m height,which is 1.65KN/sqm
Wind Load on Roofs:-
Exposed area of each slope of roof, per frame is 32.74sqm
From table 5 of IS 875--Part-3:1985,the external wind pressure coefficients are as given below:-
Wind angle C
pi
in degrees Windward Leeward Windward Leeward Windward Leeward
-0.700 -0.5 0.20 -0.9 -0.7 -48.7294 -37.9006425
-0.700 -0.5 -0.20 -0.5 -0.3 -27.0719 -16.2431325
-0.8 -0.8 0.20 -1 -1 -54.1438 -54.143775
-0.6 -0.6 -0.20 -0.4 -0.4 -21.6575 -21.65751
Wind pressure normal to the surface on windward side = -1.65KN/sqm
Wind pressure normal to the surface on leeward side = -1.65KN/sqm
Total wind load in KN
0
90
C
pe
(C
pe
-C
pi
)
16.00
OVER ALL WIND PRESSURE ON ROOF
1
.
6
5
1
.
6
5
12.00
WIND
3.00
Vertical component of max.wind pressure = -1.55KN/sqm
Wind load(vertical) per 'm' run of purlin = -2.650KN/m
Horizontal component of max.wind pressure = -0.58KN/sqm
Wind load(horizontal) per 'm' run of purlin = -1.740KN/m
Load combinations as per working stress method:-
i) 1.0DL + 1.0LL = 1.91KN/m
ii) 1.0DL + 1.0WL -1.66KN/m
Clause 6.9 of IS 800-1984:-
6.9.1: All purlins shall be designed in accordance with the requirements
for uncased beams& ( see 6.2.1 and Table 3.1 ), and the limitations of
bending stress based on lateral instability of the compression flange and
the limiting deflection specified under 3.13 may be waived for the design
of purlins. The maximum fibre stress shall not exceed the values
specified in 6.2.1 except as provided under 3.9 for increase of stress.
The calculated deflections should not exceed those,permitted for the type
of roof cladding used. In calculating the bending moment advantage may
be taken of the continuity of the purlin over supports. The bending
stresses about the two axes should be determined separately and
checked in accordance with 7.1.1. Open web purlins shall be designed as
trusses.
Hence,purlin is to be designed as the member with full lateral restraint.
As per the table 3.1 of IS 800-1984,the maximum slenderness ratio
for the compression in bending is 300
16.00
OVER ALL WIND PRESSURE ON ROOF
1
.
6
5
1
.
6
5
12.00
WIND
3.00
Effective length of the purlin = 3.83m
The radius of gyration of the section required = r = 1.28cm
Considering the supports as simply supported,
the design bending moment in WSM =Wl
2
/8 = 3.51KN-m
1. WSM (clause 6.2 of IS:800 - 1984):
Adopting Yst 240 grade,the yield strength of steel = f
y
= 240.00N/sqmm
Permissible compressive or tensile stress in bending = 0.66f
y
= 158.40N/sqmm
Adopting steel pipes,the section modulus required = 22159.09cumm
= 22.16cm3
From IS 1161,the MS steel pipe of 90mm nominal bore medium gauge is required with
symbol PIP1016.0M.,having section modulus of 28.80cm3
Considering,the bending in other direction also,adopt 90mm nominal bore heavy gauge is
proposed with symbol PIP1016.0H.,having section modulus of 33.75cm3
Radius of gyration of the section proposed = r = 3.43cm
Check as per clause 7.1.1:-
The combined stress in the absence of axial compression shall be as given below:-
C
mx
.a
bcx.cal
C
my
.a
bcy.cal
< 1
a
bcx
a
bcy
Where C
mx
= 0.85
Where C
my
= 0.85
a
bcx.cal
= Extreme fibre compressive stress about x-axis = 104.00N/sqmm
a
bcy.cal
= Extreme fibre compressive stress about y-axis = 51.56N/sqmm
a
bcx
= a
bcy
= Permissible compressive stress in bending = 158.40N/sqmm
Now,the above expression comes to 0.83 < 1
Hence,the section assumed is safe.
Check for deflection:-
Considering the AC sheet roofing,the allowable deflection in the purlin is L/120,where 'L' is
effective length
Moment of inertia of the purlin section PIP1016.0H 'I' = 171.44cm4
Modulus of elasticity of steel E = 200GPa
Assuming that the purlin is simply supported,the max.deflection = 5wl
4
/384EI
= 15.64mm
Allowable deflection = L/120 = 31.93mm >15.65mm
Hence,the section assumed is safe.
B)Design of Anchor Bolts:-
As per the analysis in STADD.Pro.2007,the anchor bolts have to resist an uplift force of 58.76KN
Assuming 25mm nominal dia bolts 4Nos,the uplift force to be resisted by each bolt = 14.69KN
Assuming M18 non-prefered thread bolts,diametre of the bolt is = 18mm
Net cross-sectional area of the 18mm nominal dia bolt = 190.76
(Taking net cross-sectional area as 75% of gross area)
Stress in steel at collapse = 77.01
Assuming M20 grade of concrete,the design bond stress as per IS:456-2000 = 1.92
The development length required Ld = 180mm
Provide an embedment length of 200mm into the concrete to ensure development length
Design of Roof purlins&Truss Anchor Bolts
12.00
3.00
16.00
ELEVATION
16.00
19.00
PLAN
16.00
OVER ALL WIND PRESSURE ON ROOF
1
.
6
5
1
.
6
5
12.00
WIND
3.00
16.00
OVER ALL WIND PRESSURE ON ROOF
1
.
6
5
1
.
6
5
12.00
WIND
3.00
mm
2
N/mm
2
N/mm
2