Tetracyclines are antibiotics that have been used extensively since the 1950s for a better

treatment of microbial diseases ,and also improve food quality production.Antibiotics have been
used in animal health, prophylaxis and growth promotion especially in poultry. The main organs
involved in food uptake and metabolic processes are intestine, liver and kidney. They are used
in small dosages which increase protein and decrease fat components. However, the use of
antibiotics may also affect the normal flora which resultedin antibiotic resistance. Further spread
of resistance to the environment occurs as a result of agricultural runoff and contaminated
effluents which would affect the surrounding water . Even though there are advantages in the
use of those antibiotics, there is also concern regarding the overuse of antibiotic. Tetracycline
compounds havebeen reported to affect growth of teeth and bones in children. Because of
several health and environment concerns regarding the use of antibiotics for better food quality
and production, the main objectives of this investigation is to assess tetracycline compounds in
animal organs. (Saif ,N. A.,et al, 2013)


In recent years, concerns about the use of antimicrobial products in food-producing animals
have focused on human food safety because foods of animal origin are vehicles of
foodborne disease in humans. The selection of drug-resistant bacterial populations is a
consequence of exposure to antimicrobial drugs and can occur from human and animal uses
(1).Tetracyclines (TCs), including tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC), and
chlortetracycline (CTC), are broad-spectrum antibiotics widely used in modern animal
husbandry and may result in unsafe TC residues in animal-derived food products. Since they
could represent a risk for the consumer health, the European Union (EU) established its
maximum residue limits (MRLs) for muscle and kidney tissues at 100 g/kg and 600g/kg,
respectively (2). It is, therefore, of great interest to develop analytical procedures capable of
determining accurately animal tissue concentrations of tetracyclines and to evaluate their
presence
EU requirement: tetracycline in milk MRL 100ug/kg;
US FDA requirement: tetracycline in milk MRL 300ug/kg
China Gov Standard: tetracycline in milk: 50ug/kg