Poc1on-na-ony

onnuc
2014
Cepun Emcuee o6po:ooouue
Yueuoe nocoue
E.D. 3oaoxyxnna-A6oanna
2-o uapanuo, nooao1annoo u ponoAnonnoo

]onueuo VMO no u.occuuecuo+

uuoepcunencuo+ o6po:ooouuw o uouecnoe
ue6uoeo noco6un o.n cnoeunoo omcuur
ue6umr :ooeoeuuu, o6uowuurcn no uonpoo.euuw
nooeonoouu EHO 030100
du.ocoqun (6ouo.oopuon}
- www.phoenixbooks.ru
3oAo1yxuna-AoAuna E.E., 2014
OOO onuxc: oqomAonuo, 2014
K 122/129(075.8)
HHK 87x73
KTK 000
3-81
3oaoxyxnna-A6oanna E.D.
3-81 uAocoqcxan an1onoAorun : ynonoo nocouo ,
E.E. 3oAo1yxuna-AoAuna. - Hap. 2-o, nooa. u pon. -
Poc1on n, : onuxc, 2014. - 350 c. - (Ewcmoo oa-
aonanuo).
ISEN 9?8-5-222-225?4-5
VK 122,129(0?5.8)
ISEN 9?8-5-222-225?4-5 EEK 8?n?3
Poonaonxm:
pox1o quAocoqcxux nayx noq. Heuowpuuo J.H.;
pox1o quAocoqcxux nayx Pn6ooo J.E.
annoo ynonoo nocouo coo1no1c1nyo1 conomonnomy qo-
poaArnomy rocypac1nonnomy oaaona1oArnomy c1anpa1y no
cnouaArnoc1u uAocoqun.
Knura nanucana cnoopno, oaanwm nawxom, c munumy-
mom u1a1, nu1ao1cn Aorxo, ypu1 mwcAr, ona moxo1 w1r
un1oocna no 1oArxo pAn ynamuxcn, no u pAn ncox, xoro noA-
nyo1 noAoma noucxoxponun u anoAmuu, moxAunnoc1nwx
xommynuxau, nny1onnoro mua noAonoxa.
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O1 an1oa .................................................................. ?
Faana 1. Cnouquxa quAocoqcxo an1onoAoruu
u oo ocnonnwo noAomw............................................. 9
uAocoqcxan an1onoAorun
copu pyrux an1onoAoru .................................... 9
HoAomw quAocoqcxo an1onoAoruu
u oo nawx ............................................................. 13
Faana 2. Hamononuo oaaa noAonoxa
n uc1ouu quAocoquu ................................................ 19
Oaa noAonoxa n quAocoquu an1unnoc1u
u Copnonoxonrn ................................................... 19
Hpon an1onoon1uama:
o1 Eoaoxponun po namux pno ............................. 24
Faana 3. 3anapnan quAocoqun XX noxa o noAonoxo ...... 31
0xauc1onuaArno-qonomonoAorunocxan
quAocoqun o noAonoxo (M. HoAo,
M. Xaporro, H.-H. Ca1, K. Hcnoc)................... 31
uAocoqcxan an1onoAorun (X. HAocno) ............... 5?
Ho1oc1an1cxan u xa1oAunocxan quAocoqun
(H. TuAAux, H. Mau1on) ...................................... 63
HcuxoanaAu1unocxan quAocoqun
u 1ancnoconaAuam o noAonoxo
(3. op, K.-I. Knr, H. axan, 0. omm) ........... ?6
uAocoqun puaAora ............................................ 100
Iymanuc1unocxuo a1unocxuo
u ncuxo1oanon1unocxuo xononuu
(E. anxA, A. Hnoo, A. MacAoy) ................... 106
anyacxu noconaAuam .................................. 121
TancnoconaArnan quAocoqun o noAonoxo
(C. Ioq, K. VuAo) ........................................... 126
Faana 4. Cymnoc1r noAonoxa u nuopa noAonoxa....... 140
PaaAunnwo nopc1anAonun o moc1o
noAonoxa n muo ................................................. 140
Eocuu cymnoc1u noAonoxa.
HoAoma an1onoronoaa...................................... 144
Huopa noAonoxa. Ew1unwo no1unoonun
noAonoxa. HoAononocxoo u cnoxnoAononocxoo ........ 153
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Hoc1anc1no u nomn noAonoxa ........................... 158
HoAonox u uc1oun.............................................. 163
Faana 5. Cnoopa u aaym - cymnoc1nwo
no1w noAonoxa ....................................................... 169
Paanwo nopxopw x nonumanum cnoopw ................ 169
HoAomw cnoopnoro nwoa............................... 1?3
Cnoopa u o1no1c1nonnoc1r ................................... 180
Ocnonnwo xaax1ouc1uxu auonaArnoc1u
xax cnoc1na coananun ........................................ 185
Ocnonnwo xaax1ouc1uxu auonaArnoc1u
xax cnoc1na nonoponun u pon1oArnoc1u................ 191
HununuaArnan oranunonnoc1r
noAononocxo auonaArnoc1u .............................. 195
Faana 6. HoAoma 1oAocnoc1u n quAocoqcxo
an1onoAoruu.......................................................... 202
CouoxyAr1ynw xaax1o noAononocxoro 1oAa .... 203
uxo1omunocxu u xoAuc1unocxu nopxopw
x 1oAy n xyAr1yo ............................................... 206
HoA xax nuopnoo nanaAo u xax ronpo............... 212
Honn1uo no1onoc1u .......................................... 218
Hoaxun aaonwx no1onoc1o (no A. MacAoy) .... 223
Honn1uo xoAanun: quAocoqcxu
u ncuxoAorunocxu acnox1w ................................ 229
Faana 7. HoAomw cmwcAa xuanu ........................... 236
CmwcA xuanu u nwcmuo onnoc1u.
0mouonaArno-nync1nonnoo w1uo
cmwcAa xuanu .................................................... 236
HoopoAonuo cmwcAonwx xuaucon:
ncuxoAorunocxuo moxanuamw ............................... 241
HoopoAonuo cmwcAonwx xuaucon:
muonoaaonnocxuo moxanuamw ............................ 24?
Faana 8. HoAoma noAononocxoro H ......................... 253
HoAononocxoo H u oro ranuw............................. 253
Ocoonnoc1u amnuunocxoro H ............................. 263
Eny1onnnn c1yx1ya u no1unoonun H:
aanwo nopxopw.................................................. 268
Faana 9. HoAoma noAononocxo cyprw .................. 2?4
Cnoopa u nooxopumoc1r n cypro ........................ 2?5
3anap u Eoc1ox o cypro ...................................... 2?9
HoAoma cyprw xax 1oma nwoa con ............ 284
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Faana 10. Huanonnw ny1r noAonoxa ....................... 291
Poxponuo u po1c1no - nonwo a1anw xuanu ......... 292
Knoc1r - aoAoc1r - c1aoc1r ............................ 298
Cmo1r ............................................................... 304
Faana 11. Omonuo - nonumanuo - opunonoc1no ...... 310
HoAoma nonumanun yroro:
nocuu noamoxnoc1o .......................................... 310
uaAor u ycAonun oro oaAuaauu ........................ 315
HoAoma opunonoc1na......................................... 322
Faana 12. Eoa, napoxpa, Amonr -
axauc1onuaArnwo coc1onnun noAonoxa ..................... 330
Eoa u ponouo ................................................... 330
HaapoxcaArnoc1r napoxpw ................................. 335
monr: upoaA u poc1nu1oArnoc1r ....................... 338
3axAmnonuo ............................................................ 348
u1oa1ya............................................................. 349

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Knura, xo1oym conac poxu1 n yxax nu1a1oAr, -
a1o ynonw xyc quAocoqcxo an1onoAoruu, no nmoc1o c
1om a1o oayAr1a1 poArux aamwmAonu an1oa u pocn1u-
Ao1no Aoxuonno ao1w.
Mno, an1oy, quAocoqcxan an1onoAorun nanu1cn, ona
nopc1anAno1cn noAom mnorooaanwx noamoxnoc1o pAn
noc1uxonun namu, Amprmu, camux con u nnAno1cn npom
u copom ncnxoro quAocoqc1nonanun. Ho aanom quAoco-
qun, ocAu no pAn 1oro, n1ow o1no1u1r na rAyunnwo axau-
c1onuaArnwo nonocw: aanom mw xunom? cnoopnw Au mw
n cnoux omonunx? n1o 1axoo Amonr? xypa nopy1 nac ny1u
unpunupyaArno cyprw?
3ann1uo quAocoqcxo an1onoAoruo - a1o onw1 aa-
pymu nap qynpamon1aArnwmu xaax1ouc1uxamu noAono-
noc1na u nmoc1o c 1om - nonw1xa nonn1r, xax xaxpomy ua
nac xu1r n muo, noAnom onacnoc1o u noomon, xax nam
no 1oArxo nwxu1r, no u coxanu1r cno aaym u poc1oun-
c1no, xax, naxono, w1r cnac1Aunwm. Toxc1w quAocoq-
cxo an1onoAoruu - M. HoAoa u 0. omma, E. anx-
Aa u H.-H. Ca1a, A. MacAoy u M. Eyoa - nwc1ynam1 n
a1om cAynao xax Aynmuo ynu1oAn u ncuxo1oanon1w. Onu
1onno nuxorpa nac no nopnopy1! Eo1 nonomy, aanumancr
quAocoqcxo an1onoAoruo, napo na camom poAo nu1a1r
no 1oArxo ynonuxu, paxo xoomuo, no n nonym onoopr -
nouanoponun ourunaArnwx mwcAu1oAo, na upou xo1o-
wx onuao1cn Amo ynonux uAu Aoxun.
Opnaxo nocouo oc1r nocouo, n noro noAran nonocop-
c1nonno nmoc1u1r 1ax1a1w u c1a1ru nwpammuxcn quAo-
coqon, noa1omy nomaAoo moc1o n a1om, yxo n1oom, uapa-
nuu aanumao1 xa1xu accxaa o npo ao1 mwcAu1oAo
XX noxa. H noc1aaAacr noopa1r nu1a1oAm ux ocnonnwo
upou 1ax, xax n ux nonumam. E xono xnuru nomomon
cnucox 1ox quAocoqcxux 1ypon, oa xo1owx a1o1 yno-
nw xyc no mor w coc1on1rcn.
Hon1ono o1nanAnn n xuanr 1oxc1, xo1ow u co-
nac nopoAxao1 anyna1r yc1no, n napomcr, n1o x nomy o-
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8
a1n1cn no 1oArxo ynamuocn, xo1owm nyxno cpa1r ono-
opno axaamon, no u noc1o Ampu - noc1o quAoco-
qw, un1oocymmuocn noAomamu anoAmuu noAonoxa,
moxAunnoc1nwx xommynuxau, oro nny1onnoro mua, xo-
1owx nunAoxao1 oqAoxcun o muo u o coo. Mno xo1o-
Aocr w pa1r numy ux ymy u pymo.
ErAnpumcn xo nuc1aArno n 1aunc1nonnym rAyuny oa-
ponno 1omw noAonoxa u nonw1aomcn nwnnu1r u onuca1r
1o, n1o noppao1cn auonaArnomy cAonocnomy onucanum.
- www.phoenixbooks.ru
1

EcAu aapa1r nonoc, xax moxno xoo1xo u oa Aumnux
cAon oucona1r cy1r uaannoro namu nopmo1a - quAo-
coqcxo an1onoAoruu, 1o o1no1 moxo1 noanyna1r 1ax:
uAocoqcxan an1onoAorun - a1o quAocoqcxoo ynonuo o
noAonoxo. Ho xano moo, 1axum noAynu1cn camoo no-
noo omoo onopoAonuo, xo1ooo, xax ncnxan poqunuun,
poc1a1onno cxyno u nyxpao1cn n acmuqonxo.
Ho nw1Aunw ym poAxon pnura1rcn paArmo. Hoxpo
ncoro cAopyo1 o1mo1u1r, n1o quAocoqcxan an1onoAorun
no cnopu1cn x xonxo1no-uc1ounocxo quAocoqcxo mxoAo
c 1axum naananuom. E nono noAonuno XX noxa na quAo-
coqcxym cony Enonw nwmAu nomoxuo an1ow M. Ho-
Ao, A. IoAon, X. HAocno, xo1owx un1ooconaAu noAo-
mw cymnoc1u u nuopw noAonoxa, oro o1Aunun o1 pyrux
xunwx cymoc1n. Hx ynonun u noAynuAu naananuo quAo-
coqcxan an1onoAorun, no a1o - nu ncox poc1ounc1nax
naanannwx quAocoqon - quAocoqcxan an1onoAorun Aumr
n yaxom cmwcAo cAona.
E muoxom xo cmwcAo - a1o ncn conoxynnoc1r quAo-
coqcxux upo, xononu, ynonu, 1ax1ymmux 1omy no-
Aonoxa, c1annmux noAonoxa n on1 cnooro nnumanun.
Moxno cxaaa1r, n1o cunonumom quAocoqcxo an1o-
noAoruu, nan1o n muoxom (u n nopAunnom!) cmwcAo
cAona, moxo1 cAyxu1r nwaxonuo an1onoAorunocxan
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10
quAocoqun, xo1ooo oxna1wnao1 nax1unocxu ncm cqo-
y quAocoqc1nonanun c axon1om na 1omo noAonoxa. Pac-
cmo1onuo quAocoqcxo an1onoAoruu xax an1onoAoru-
nocxo quAocoquu u noAonoxonopnocxo noAoma1u-
xu cnumao1 noAomy ocooro mo1opa quAocoqcxo
an1onoAoruu. Ho1 nuxaxoro ocooro opnoro-opunc1non-
noro mo1opa pAn quAocoqcxoro noananun noAonoxa. Ec1r
Aumr quAocoqcxu nopxop x noAonoxy, narAnp, ynu1wna-
mmu naAunuo cy+ox1unnoc1u u coananun, nupnmu
noAonoxa nooa nuamy oro coc1nonnwx un1oocon u noa-
moxnoc1o. A a1o1 narAnp moxo1 ocymoc1nAn1rcn c aa-
nwx 1onox aonun, nooxpa1r aanooaanwo an1ono-
Aorunocxuo xonquryauu quAocoquu. Ha camom poAo
cymoc1nyo1 mnoxoc1no quAocoqcxux an1onoAoru, mno-
xoc1no aanooaanwx o1no1on na nonocw o 1om, n1o 1a-
xoo noAonox, xax u aanom omy xu1r.
Enonom, n1ow o1poAu1rcn o1 pyrux, no quAocoqcxux
nopxopon x noAonoxy, mw poAxnw ono1u1r xyr noAom,
xo1owmu aanumao1cn quAocoqcxan an1onoAorun, nonn1r
oo coc1nonnwo aapanu. A pAn a1oro nooxopumo narAnny1r
na pyruo pucunAunw, n on1o xo1owx - noAonox.
HoAonox nwc1ynao1 nopmo1om uaynonun poc1a1onno
mnorux pucunAun xax oc1oc1nonnonaynnoro, 1ax u cou-
aArno-rymanu1anoro npa. Hoxpo ncoro, oro uaynao1 uo-
Aorun, o1nocn x rynno yaxonocwx numa1on, n1o camo
no coo no acnoAarao1 x 1omy, n1ow noaropu1rcn. 3anu-
mao1cn noAonoxom u rono1uxa, 1oxo no ocoonno apyn co-
nomonnuxon, uo, xax noxaaaAu nopannuo uccAoponanun
ronoma, mw maAo o1Aunaomcn no rono1unocxomy naoy o1
xoArna1wx nono u cowx xwc. ax1unocxu oc1oc1non-
nwo nayxu accma1unam1 noAonoxa xax opno ua ma1ou-
aArnwx nonnAonu ynunocyma, xax nuopnoo cymoc1no
copu nuopnwx cymoc1n.
HoAonox nnAno1cn on1om ncuxoAorunocxux uccAopo-
nanu, rpo on nopc1anAon xax ncuxoquauoAorunocxu u
couaArnw qonomon. Opnu aapoAw ncuxoAoruu 1nro1o-
m1 x uoAoruu, pyruo Auaxu quAocoqcxomy ananum, no
Aumr n cnoux nuxAapnwx ncuxo1oanon1unocxux acnox-
1ax ncuxoAorun nnAo1nym nopxopu1 x noAonoxy n oro qu-
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11 1.
Aocoqcxo-an1onoAorunocxom uamoonuu, u 1am quAoco-
qun u ncuxoAorun noopxo cAunam1cn noopuno.
HoAonoxa uaynam1 uc1oun, couoAorun, a1noraqun,
xyAr1yoAorun, Aunrnuc1uxa, no nco onu xonon1uym1
cnoo nnumanuo Auo na qax1oAorunocxo c1oono noAono-
nocxo xuanu, Auo na onopoAnmmux oo oaAunnwx aaxo-
nax. 01umu pucunAunamu pAn uaynonun 1axxo noc1oo-
nanw o1poArnwo c1oonw namo xuanu (nomonno axyc,
c1yx1yw nawxa, xonxo1no-uc1ounocxuo 1apuuu).
Opnaxo um, xax u uoAoruu co cuon1uauonanno ncuxo-
Aoruo, no Auaxu nonocw, cnnaannwo c cy+ox1unnoc-
1rm, nny1onnum muom, noAo u c1ac1rm. axo ocAu no-
ponwo momon1w nonapam1 n oAac1r nnumanun couoAora
uAu a1noraqa, onu, xax nanuAo, oxaawnam1cn Aumr
o+ox1om oAoo uAu monoo ocnuc1ac1noro uaynonun.
3apana nayxu - nupo1r mu o1c1anonnwm narAnpom, a-
aymno u xoAopno uccAopona1r oro, c1aancr nocnouanoc1u
oro aaxonw 1axumu, xax onu oc1r. Hayxa c1omu1cn uao-
ra1r coc1nonnwx onnoc1nwx cyxponu (xo1n nomn o1
nomonu onu nco xo nownam1cn n 1oxc1 ynonwx). E a1om
oo o1Aunuo o1 quAocoquu, coana1oArno noouymmo na
mu onnoc1nwo cyxponun.
E coopuno XIX noxa c1aAu noanuxa1r pucunAunw,
nonocopc1nonno nocnmuo naananuo an1onoAorun. Ho-
no nonnuAacr anxponoaornx uau nacxn 6noaornn, a1o wAa
nayxa o noucxoxponuu u nomaArnom quauoAorunocxom
c1oonuu noAonoxa, ona nxAmnaAa n con moqoAorum, a-
conoponuo u 1omy noponwo nopmo1w. CAopyo1 aamo1u1r,
n1o u coropnn n muonom naynnom coomoc1no, ronon o
an1onoAoruu, umom1 n nupy oo uoAorunocxym unoc1acr.
uauoAoro-moqoAorunocxan an1onoAorun nopoAxao1
cymoc1nona1r no co ponr, aanuman coc1nonnoo moc1o n
cuc1omo uoAorunocxoro ananun.
HocAopnnn no1no1r XIX noxa oanamononaAacr nonnAo-
nuom na cno1 uyanxypanxponoaornn. 01o wAa pucunAuna,
nananAonnan na uaynonuo w1a u nanon numu1unnwx
naopon, naxopnmuxcn na pounuAuaauonno c1apuu aa-
nu1un. Kynnwmu xyAr1yan1onoAoramu wAu 0.E. Ta-
Ao, an1o ao1w Honow1nan xyAr1ya, x. aao,
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12
nanucanmu muoxo uanoc1noo uccAoponanuo 3oAo1an
no1nr, a 1axxo oAan nAonpa uccAopona1oAo oAoo no-
apnoro nouopa: M. Mup, P. Eonopux1, K. onu-C1occ.
Cnom rAannym aapany xyAr1yan1onoAoru, n 1om nucAo
nwno nwnycxaomwo ynunocu1o1amu Enonw u Amouxu,
nupn1 n uaynonuu ocoonnoc1o nawxa, ownaon, 1apu-
u, nom, cnoc1nonnwx numu1unnwm xyAr1yam, a 1ax-
xo n cannonuu ux c yc1anonAonunmu u nomamu, poc1ny-
mmumu n conomonnom unpyc1uaArnom u noc1unpyc1u-
aArnom omoc1no.
CAopymmu nup an1onoAoru - ncxopnnocuax anx-
ponoaornx. O no mw nnano ronou1r numonu1oArno x
mxoAo AnnaAon. E 1929 ropy no anuu c1aA nwxo-
pu1r uc1ounocxu xynaA AnnaAw, coapannw mcro-
nom onom u Maxom EAoxom. Onu u ux nocAopona1o-
Au - . EopoAr, H. o Ioqq, . Aroc c1aAu accma1u-
na1r uc1oum no xax noopy nwpammuxcn xooAo u
noAxonopon Auo poc1nuo cAonwx axonomunocxux aaxo-
non, a xax uc1oum noncopnonnoro noAononocxoro coana-
nun. Hc1ounocxan an1onoAorun (Auaxan x uc1ounocxo
ncuxoAoruu) aann1a mon1aArnoc1rm - yc1anonxamu, nu-
c1ac1unmu, cyxponunmu, cnoc1nonnwmu copnomy no-
Aonoxy anoxu, nunapAoxamomy 1o uAu uno couoxyAr-
1yno rynno. Hmonno noa1omy ona poAao1 uc1onnuxom
cnoux oomonu nucrma, pnonnuxu, nuxopcxuo xnuru u
pyruo poxymon1w anoxu.
Cymoc1nyo1 1axxo conaannax anxponoaornx, xo1oym
un1oocym1 c1a1oruu poc1nun unpunupon u couaArnwx
rynn n conomonnom omoc1no, ux cnocow ouon1uona1r-
cn n couaArno oaArnoc1u, oranuayn cnom cumnoAu-
nocxym ncoAonnym. Ona nopc1anAona umonamu H. Ey-
pro, M. yxo, P. Ea1a, K. Xaomaca.
Eoomo n conomonno xyAr1yo aaAunnwo nupw an1-
onoAoru nonnAnm1cn ny1r Au no xaxpw ponr. Tax, n
maraaunax moxno ynupo1r xnuru no ncuxoAorunocxo u
noAu1unocxo an1onoAoruu, u nnoAno noamoxno, aan1a
nonnu1cn an1onoAorun axonomunocxan uAu unxononan.
HoAynao1cn, n1o cxoArxo cqo xuanu u noqoccu -
c1oArxo an1onoAoru. oAonum apocr no1 xona.
- www.phoenixbooks.ru
13 1.


Opnaxo qnaocoqcuax anxponoaornx, xo1oan nwc1yna-
o1 nopmo1om namoro un1ooca, nununuaArno o1Aunao1cn
o1 cnoux 1ooo1unocxux coc1u: ona no yrAyAno1cn n xon-
xo1nwo cmxo1w u nac1noc1u 1oxymo couaArno xuanu,
oo nnxopocyox cooxnomonno noaonou ~ mnp n oro ocnon-
nmx ynnnopcaannmx pauypcax.
01u axycw 1axonw:
1. Paccmo1onuo noAonoxa n oro ocowx, cnonqnno-
cunx uanocxnax, oxannammnx noaonoua ox ncox ocxaan-
nmx mnnmx cymocxn. 01u xanoc1na nyxpam1cn n nwnnAo-
nuu, onucanuu u anaAuao. Ecn uc1oun quAocoquu, xax
mw cmoxom n a1om yopu1rcn paAoo, 1ax uAu unano nocnn-
mona ocmwcAonum a1ux cymnoc1nwx xaax1ouc1ux noAo-
noxa, nupammux Ampcxomy opy ocow c1a1yc n uoa-
xuu w1un, ynunocaArnwo noamoxnoc1u u noooaumwo
nocnox1unw. Poponwo xanoc1na noAonoxa, 1axuo xax a-
aym u cnoopa, ocoonnoc1u oro no1onoc1o u xoAanu,
naAunuo y noro cmwcAonoAaranun, - no1 rAannwo cmxo-
1w, noanuxammuo nu accmo1onuu noAonoxa xax cono-
monno ynuxaArnoro cymoc1na n ynunocymo.
2. E1oo axyc quAocoqcxoro uccAoponanun noAo-
noxa, nonocopc1nonno cnnaannw c nonwm, coc1ou1 n 1om,
n1o noAononocxu op paccmaxpnnaoxcx n cooxnomonnn
co ncom nnonoaononocunm. Hoxpo ncoro a1o, xononno,
nuopa: xuno1nw u ac1u1oArnw mu, aomnwo u xoc-
munocxuo c1uxuu, mora- u muxoyonnu w1un, uccAopyo-
mwo conomonnwm oc1oc1noananuom. Paanwo quAocoqcxuo
nananAonun pam1 aaAunnwo, noo puamo1aArno no-
1unonoAoxnwo, 1ax1onxu a1oro coo1nomonun: noAonox
moxo1 accma1una1rcn u xax nono nuopnoro aanu-
1un (n anoAmuonnwx xononunx), u xax anuqonomon
xocmoquaunocxux nooccon - nu cuon1uc1cxom, qu-
auxaAuc1cxom accmo1onuu nonoca. Ho y noAomw nno-
noAononocxoro oc1r u pyran ranr: coo1nomonuo Ampo c
1anconpon1nwm, aanopoArnwm, c 1om, n1o aao1ouno-
cxan quAocoqun naawnao1 1onxumu muamu. Coc1non-
no, nonoc o naaumocnnau noAonoxa u Eora, noAonoxa u
- www.phoenixbooks.ru
14
1omnwx prnnoArcxux cuA nnAno1cn opnum ua naxnomux
n Amo oAuruoano quAocoquu. Hyc1r a1a noAoma no
cymoc1nyo1 pAn a1ouc1unocxoro yma, ona, 1om no monoo,
no moxo1 w1r uarnana ua quAocoqcxux m1ypu, uo xa-
cao1cn camux ocnon noAononocxoro w1un.
3. To1u acnox1 quAocoqcxoro uaynonun noAonoxa -
a1o anaana o6monnx mompy ampnmn, oxnomonnx noaonou ~
noaonou. Mu nopc1anAon no 1oArxo nuopo u Eorom,
n nom xuny1 pyruo Ampu, c xo1owmu unpunup nwnAo1ao1
n xopo xuanu cAoxnym nnar naaumopoc1nu. Xo1oAocr w
nopnoxny1r, n1o coc1nonno-couaArnwo cnnau moxpy Ampr-
mu, xon1ax1w couaArnwx rynn uaynam1cn pyrum aapo-
Aom quAocoqcxoro ananun - couaArno quAocoquo. An-
1onoAorum xo un1oocym1 unpunup, Aunnoc1r, unpunupy-
aArnan pyma, noa1omy n cqoy oo un1ooca nonapao1 noxpo
ncoro moxAunnoc1nan xommynuxaun co ncomu oo noAo-
mamu. axo xorpa onr upo1 o cnnau noAonox - omoc1no,
couym wnao1 nopc1anAon Auo pyrumu xonxo1nwmu
Amprmu, Auo noAynao1 mo1aqounocxu oAux EoArmoro
yroro, c xo1owm ocymoc1nAno1cn nconpoAunnoc1nan naa-
umocnnar (EoArmo yro pux1yo1, aanomao1, nonoAona-
o1 nopono o1poArnomy unpunupy).
uAocoqcxan an1onoAorun c1omu1cn ocno1u1r mox-
Aunnoc1nym xommynuxaum c aanwx c1oon, ona nop-
noAarao1 u anaAua moxanuamon nonumanun, u nonoc o
nocopnuxax Aunnoro naaumopoc1nun, xaxonwmu mory1
nnAn1rcn pyruo Ampu, xyAr1ya uAu Eor, u onucanuo
amouonaArno-onnoc1nwx coc1onnu, cxAapwnammuxcn
moxpy unpunupamu (Amnu uAu nonanuc1u). 3pocr ona ra-
nunu1 c ncuxoAoruo u qonomonoAorunocxo couoAoru-
o, opnaxo c1omu1cn nwpoxuna1r quAocoqcxu yononr
ac1axuu, no anoAAuyo1 x axcnoumon1y u cnocona
Aorxo nooxopu1r o1 anaAuaa c1yx1ynwx xaax1ouc-
1ux uaynaomwx o1nomonu x cnoopnomy accouc1unocxo-
my ocyxponum noAomw.
Ho1no1w axyc uaynonun noAonoxa, xo1ow nop-
Aarao1 nam quAocoqcxan an1onoAorun, - a1o nnyxponnn
mnp noaonoua. Ponr upo1 o naAunuu ora1o u cAoxno
pymonno xuanu. K1o n? Kaxon n? E xaxom coc1onnuu n
- www.phoenixbooks.ru
15 1.
nownam? Ecorpa Au n anon camomy coo uAu n1o-1o mo-
nno1cn no mno nomumo moo noAu? EAac1on Au n nap co-
o? 01u u mnoxoc1no pyrux nonocon nc1am1 noop Aun-
noc1rm, oa1unmocn x coc1nonnomy coananum u umy-
mo oaa H. Komo 1oro, narAnp, omonnw n rAyunw
cnoo pymu, onayxu1 1am ory c1ac1o, coc1onnun
apoc1u uAu nonaAu, cymoc1nonanuo comnonu u 1o1 no1ox
coananun, xo1ow n XX noxo c1aA Amumo 1omo aanap-
no Au1oa1yw. Eny1onnu noAonox - a1o 1axxo py-
xonnw noAonox, no 1oArxo amnuunocxoo, no, noamoxno,
oxoc1nonnoo no cnoo cy1u cymoc1no, u quAocoqcxan an-
1onoAorun ocyxpao1 a1o1 nonoc, coo1nocncr no 1oArxo c
naynnwmu, no u c oAuruoanwmu u aao1ounocxumu 1apu-
unmu xyAr1yw.
Ho1ypno aamo1u1r, n1o nonwo pna axyca accmo1-
onun noAonoxa o1nocn1cn x poponomy yponnm, a pna n1o-
wo - u nnpnnnpyaannomy. Xo1n moxpy accmo1onuom
noAom oponoro u unpunupyaArnoro yonno no c1ou1 no-
noxopuman c1ona, a1u pno oAac1u quAocoqcxo-an1ono-
Aorunocxoro aamwmAonun nco xo aann1cn.
Paccmo1onuo noAonoxa xax poponoro cymoc1na, nwnn-
Aonuo xoonnwx xaax1ouc1ux noAononoc1na nopnoAara-
m1 noxu ac1ax1no-oaAunnw nopxop, rpo onr upo1 o
noAonoxo noomo. 3pocr paAoxo no ncorpa noanuxao1 noo-
xopumoc1r n y1onnonuu uc1ounocxo anoxu, a1nunocxo
nunapAoxnoc1u, noaac1nwx u noAonwx momon1on. Axon1
nu anaAuao poAao1cn na Aoruxo u 1oAooAoruu noAononocxo
xuanu xax 1axono n o1Aunuo o1 xuanu xuno1nwx. Hu
noponom nopxopo mw c1omumcn acxw1r cymnocxn noao-
noua, xoonnwo ocoonnoc1u oro noucxoxponun, nocuu
moc1a u nopnaananonun n ynunocymo. E cuAy 1oro, n1o
anaAua upo1 apocr na nwcoxom 1ooo1unocxom yonno, 1oma-
1uxa oponoro noAonoxa ocyxpao1cn na nawxo, nuAuxon-
nom, c opno c1oonw, x nawxy xAaccunocxoro quAocoq-
c1nonanun, c pyro - ucnoArayo1cn nawx conopoArnwx
pucunAun: axonomunocxux, ncuxoAorunocxux, uc1ounoc-
xux. Enonom, oaArnan an1onoAoro-quAocoqcxan mwcAr
non1u nuxorpa no ypoxunao1cn ucxAmnu1oArno n aaoAan-
nwx nwcnx ac1axuu, ncorpa noanuxam1 xonxo1uaauu,
- www.phoenixbooks.ru
16
un1ono1aun noAom na conomonnom xyAr1ynom ma-
1ouaAo.
HoAomw unpunupyaArnoro noAonoxa moxno 1axxo
naana1r auancxonnaannmmn npo6aomamn. Ho napo ny1a1r
1omun axauc1onuaArnw c 1omunom axauc1onuaAu-
c1cxu. E1oo oananao1 nunapAoxnoc1r x 1ononum axau-
c1onuaAuama, cnoc1nonnomy coopuno XX noxa, n 1o no-
mn xax nonw - nauoAoo pAn nac naxnw - oananao1
no n1o unoo, xax nan1ym n muoxom cmwcAo noAoma1uxy
noAononocxoro cymoc1nonanun. Hopmo1om accmo1onun
apocr nnAno1cn yxo no op, no noAononoc1no n o1Aunuo o1
ncox unwx xuno1nwx coomoc1n, a nnpnnnpyaannm no-
aonou n ynnnopcaannmo xapauxopncxnun oro mnann. Mw
no aapaomcn 1onor nonocom o cymnoc1u, no cnamunaom
con, xax mw cymoc1nyom, xaxonw c1yx1yw namoro w-
1un, xax pan nam pyro, c1oAr xo unpunupyaArnw, no-
Aonox u nam coc1nonnw nny1onnu mu.
Paaymoo1cn, quAocoqun oo1 1omun unpunupyaAr-
nw noAonox xax quAocoqcxoo nonn1uo. Ona no aanuma-
o1cn onucanuom opunc1nonnwx, ynuxaArnwx cypo. An
a1oro cymoc1nym1 pyruo, nnoquAocoqcxuo xanw - uo-
raqun u an1ouoraqun, nonoc1r, oman, accxaa. Hmon-
no onu onucwnam1 xonxo1nwx Ampo c umonamu u qamu-
Aunmu, c noponoc1nmu xuanu no pa1am. uAocoqcxu
xo unpunupyaArnw noAonox - a1o 1ooo1unocxan mo-
poAr, n amxax xo1oo quAocoqw nw1am1cn na1u noxuo
nooxopumwo ncoomuo c1yx1yw Aunno xuanu, 1unu-
nocxuo cu1yauu, xo1owo nooxunao1 (uAu moxo1 noo-
xu1r) xaxpw.
0xauc1onuaArnwo noAomw quAocoqcxo an1onoAo-
ruu - a1o noAomw, noanuxammuo y Ampo uau n nonco-
pnonnocxn, xau n n aucxpomaannmx cnxyanxx. Coc1non-
no, noncopnonnoc1r u axc1omaArnoc1r - a1o pna noAmca,
moxpy xo1owmu acnoAaram1cn nco cow1un namo xua-
nu, u quAocoqun cnocona n anno c1ononu axon1uo-
na1r cnoo nnumanuo xax na 1om, n1o cnoc1nonno noAonoxy
xaxpw ponr, 1ax u na 1om, c nom on c1aAxunao1cn, noa-
moxno, opun-opunc1nonnw aa. uAocoqy un1oocnw, ocAu
ronou1r xaporrooncxum nawxom, u aao1a, oA1on-
- www.phoenixbooks.ru
17 1.
nn, noocypw - 1o, nom mw aann1w xax ownnwo Ampu,
owna1oAu, u momon1w noranunnwo: nownanuo noop
Auom cmo1u uAu c1apanun, apuxaArnw nwo, noo-
xunanuo onw1a 1anconpon1noro - nc1onu c Eorom uAu
ac1noonun n Kocmunocxom coananuu.
HocxoArxy noocc amnuunocxoro cymoc1nonanun nxAm-
nao1 n con no 1oArxo qynpamon1aArnwo, aaonwo momon1w
noAononocxoro, no u nco, n1o oAoxao1 coo u cononoxpa-
o1 n oaArno xuanu namy cymnoc1r, noc1oArxy nu axau-
c1onuaArnom accmo1onuu n noAo nnumanun uccAopona1o-
An nonapam1 1axuo qonomonw, xax 6occoanaxoannoo, amo-
nn, cxpacxn, pymonnmo cocxoxnnx. 01o 1oyo1 unoro
qnaocoqcuoro xamua. O amounx u coc1onnunx 1ypno
ronou1r, nuoran x xAaccunocxum on1oAoro-rnocooAoru-
nocxum 1omunam, noa1omy axauc1onuaArnan quAocoqun
nwxopu1 paAoxo aa amxu c1ororo auonaAuc1unocxoro
nonn1unoro annaa1a. Eo-nonwx, ona nac1o nuorao1 x
owponno onu, ronou1 nawxom accouc1uxu (. Humo),
noArayo1cn xypoxoc1nonnwm cAonom (H.-H. Ca1, A. Ka-
mm). Eo-n1owx, uaoo1ao1 coc1nonnw nawx, coapao1, xax
mw nupum a1o y Xaporroa, axauc1onuaAw - ocowo no-
nn1un-oaaw, nonn1un-mo1aqow, xo1owo poAxnw nonoc-
opc1nonno yxaawna1r nam na cow1un u c1yx1yw noAono-
nocxoro w1un, no nuoran x nooccy ac1aruonanun
(axauc1onuaArnan quAocoqun, ypynu nananAona na un-
punupyaArnoo, yxna1wnao1 naxnwo momon1w namoro cymo-
c1nonanun nooa ax1 upoauu - nupu1 n opununnom cAynao
omoo noAoxonuo poA).
Emoc1o c 1om cAopyo1 nopnoxny1r, n1o axauc1onuaAr-
nan quAocoqun no moxo1 w1r cnopona x xypoxoc1nonno
Au1oa1yo, accouc1uxo uAu nyAuuc1uxo. Ona nopoA-
xao1 oc1ana1rcn nupom 1ooo1unocxoro muoocmwcAonun u
ncorpa, paxo o11aAxunancr o1 xonxo1noro cmxo1a, nop-
Aarao1 nu1a1oAm onopoAonnw xonon1, qopmnpyox uon-
onnm noaononocuo poaannocxn, ucxopn ua xo1oo,
moxno nonn1r u o+ncnu1r pyruo cow1un u nnAonun na-
mo xuanu. Kax a1o nu naapoxcaArno anynu1, axauc1on-
uaArnwo m1ypuu ncorpa nopAaram1 nam ynupo1r cymno-
c1nwo no1w camoro cymoc1nonanun, oro nny1onnuo cnnau
- www.phoenixbooks.ru
18
u aaxonw. H paxo ocAu onr upo1 o o1cy1c1nuu ncnxux
aaxonon, a1o nco anno nonumao1cn xax aaxon. Mw nupum
a1o u y Xaporroa, xo1ow ronou1 o 1omnoaArnwx mo-
pycax noAononocxo xuanu, o nupax cymoc1nonanun xax o
pannoc1u; nupum y Ca1a, c1omnmorocn onuca1r naAun-
nwo qomw naaumopoc1nun noAonoxa u mua, noAonoxa u
noAonoxa; nupum y M. Eyoa, yxaawnammoro na aanwo
mopycw w1un. uAocoqun no accxaawnao1 xonxo1nwx
uc1ou, no aapao1 nam mopoAr nonumanun. 01o o1nocu1cn
u x nuca1oAnm-quAocoqam, 1axum xax . ToAc1o u
.M. oc1ooncxu. uAocoqamu mw moxom cnu1a1r ux
umonno n cuAy 1oro, n1o ux ora1wo noponoc1nmu oaAr-
no xuanu nouanoponun nocy1 n coo onopoAonnw upo-
nw c1oxonr, xo1ow moxno nwnnu1r n nuc1o1o -
xax noxym mopoAr muoo1nomonun.
E aanomonuo 1omw c1ou1 aamo1u1r, n1o axauc1onu-
aArnan quAocoqun XX noxa 1ocno cnnaana c ncuxoAoruo
u ncuxo1oanuo, nocxoArxy nco a1u pucunAunw c aa-
nwx c1oon u onuancr pyr na pyra uaynam1 unpunupy-
aArnym noAononocxym xuanr.

1. E nom cnouquxa quAocoqcxo an1onoAoruu no can-
nonum c xyAr1yan1onoAoruo, uc1ounocxo u cou-
aArno an1onoAoruo?
2. Kaxonw ynunocaArnwo axycw accmo1onun noAo-
mw noAonox - mu?
3. H1o 1axoo axauc1onuaArnwo noAomw quAocoqcxo
an1onoAoruu?
- www.phoenixbooks.ru
2




Kax nw yxo, noon1no, ycnoAu aamo1u1r, 1oma noAono-
xa - a1o 1oma cxnoanan, noxopnman nooa ncm uc1oum
quAocoquu o1 ponnux nomon po namux pno. Kononno,
n aanwo uc1ounocxuo nouopw a1a 1oma 1o nwpnuraAacr
nnoop, c1anonuAacr Ao1mo1unom quAocoqc1nonanun, 1o
yxopuAa na n1oo nAan, xax w cxwnaAacr n 1onu py-
rux momnwx quAocoqcxux cmxo1on, cnnaannwx c noana-
nuom, muoyc1oc1nom uAu noucxamu oxoc1nonnoro.
H 1om no monoo ona nuxorpa po xona no ucnoaaAa, no1omy
n1o n a1om cAynao ucnoaAa w cama quAocoqun, nona1un-
mucr n non1o unoo - n aanonupnoc1r xonxo1no nayxu.
Coc1nonno, 1ax uc1ounocxu u o1poAnAucr, o1nonxonwna-
Aucr o1 quAocoquu oo pononuo naynnwo no1nu, no quAo-
coqcxo-an1onoAorunocxoo npo oc1anaAocr, ncorpa nocno-
nunan cxnoar noanana1oArno-mo1opoAorunocxuo u 1ooAoru-
nocxuo nAac1w.
Moxno nopnoAoxu1r, n1o ocoonno oc1o an1onoAo-
runocxuo 1omw ocyxpam1cn quAocoqamu n nooAomnwo
anoxu, xorpa xymonuo noxnux onnoc1o u upoaAon,
a 1axxo noanuxnononuo oc1wx axauc1onuaArnwx cu1ya-
u nunopu1 Ampo x noucxy y1omonun, nwoy u coaupa-
num nonwx xuanonnwx ouon1uon, aac1anAno1 ux aanono
ocmwcAuna1r con, no-unomy nonuma1r coc1nonnoo moc1o n
muo, unano nupo1r nooxu u poopo1oAu. Enonom, n uc-
1ouu noAononoc1na 1ypno na1u anoxy, xo1oan wAa w
no nooAomno. axo ocAu, c 1onxu aonun nonnoc1u
- www.phoenixbooks.ru
20
u ynonwx-uc1ouxon, xaxuo-1o anoxu oxaawnam1cn o1no-
cu1oArno cnoxonwmu (n ynonuxax ux ooananam1 xax
nouopw acno1a onopoAonnoro 1una omoc1n), pAn
noxunammux n cnoxonwo nomona Ampo xuanr nco
anno oc1ao1cn noAno ucnw1anu, noAom u Aumonu.
Taxo oo poAam1 no 1oArxo c1uxunwo opc1nun u nu-
opnwo xa1ac1oqw, no noxpo ncoro nonw u xoc1oxoc1r
nAac1u. HauoAoo nac1o nc1onammuocn n ynonuxax uc-
1ouu cAona, xaax1ouaymmuo uc1ounocxym cu1ya-
um, - aarauA u cxor, a paArmo upy1 nucAa co mno-
rumu nyAnmu. Hoa1omy paxo n camw, xaaaAocr w, Aa-
ropa1nw nouop, xorpa oru oc1am1cn oramu, a 1apuun
no no1ocnona nonauo, ownnw copnu noAonox no-
oxunao1 xoAAuauu, xo1owo c1ann1 noop num u mo1a-
quaunocxuo, u nanc1nonno-a1unocxuo noAomw, a o1no-
na1r na c1uxuno noanuxammuo quAocoqcxuo nonocw o-
y1cn mwcAu1oAu anoxu.
Paccmo1um xoo1xo, noAuc1wnan noxa u 1wcnnoAo-
1un, ocnonnwo noxu aanu1un an1onoAorunocxo noAo-
ma1uxu n uc1ouu quAocoqcxo mwcAu. 01o ypo1 cnoop-
nw axcxyc, orAw narAnp, no o1nromonnw noponoc-
1nmu u u1a1amu, no pammu noamoxnoc1r nonn1r, n1o,
noanuxnyn n 1ooo1unocxo mwcAu an1unnoc1u, quAocoq-
cxu oaa noAonoxa noc1onnno nownao1 n xyAr1yo, xo1n
n xaxpw nouop nomonu on nupu1cn no-unomy, nuoo-
1an nop narAnpom uccAopona1oAo nonwo no1w u ranu.
E a1om oaoo pAn nac naxnw umonno xAmnonwo an1ono-
Aorunocxuo upou, xo1owo no co ponr ocyxpam1cn quAo-
coqcxum coomoc1nom. Hu accmo1onuu mw oranunum-
cn Aumr ononocxo quAocoquo, no xacancr oromnoro
maccuna quAocoqcxux ynonu Eoc1oxa.
EcAu nupoxuna1rcn omonunn1o nouopuaauu, 1o
uc1oum ononocxo xyAr1yw moxno nopaapoAu1r na
nouopw an1unnoc1u, Copnonoxonrn, Honoro nomonu, o1-
poArno nwpoAnm1 XVIII u XIX noxa, a paArmo cAopyo1 co-
nomonnoc1r, oxna1wnamman nox pnapa1w nmoc1o c co-
ropnnmnum pnom (n pannom cAynao pAn nac no onaa1oArno
aaAunonuo mopona u noc1mopona n xyAr1yo, xo1n paAr-
mo mw xocnomcn a1ux nonocon). Hannom c anxnnnocxn.
- www.phoenixbooks.ru
O1no1c1nonnw opax1o A. Hruuo
Toxnunocxu opax1o I. Joeouuooo
Cpano n nao 09.12.2013.
Hopnucano n nona1r 21.04.2014.
oma1 84x108
1
,
32
. Eymara oqco1nan.
Tuax 2 000 axa. 3axaa N
Vue6uoe u:oouue
OOO monnuc
344082, r. Poc1on-na-ony, no. XaA1yuncxu, 80.
ToA.,qaxc: (863) 261-89-50, 261-89-59.
Ca1 uapa1oArc1na: www.hoonIxrosIov.ru
Hn1ono1-maraaun: www.hoonIxbooks.ru
3OAOTXHHA-AHOAHHA Eaona Dconoaoponna
Vue6uoe noco6ue

- www.phoenixbooks.ru