Process utility systems

Contents

INTRODUCTION EFFICIENT USE OF UTILITIES
INTRODUCTION
STEAM GENERATION
STEAM DISTRIBUTION
REFRIGERATION
COMBINED HEAT AND POWER UTILITY MANAGEMENT
UTILITY INTEGRATION
UTILITY OPTIMIZATION
FURTHER READING
FUEL
INTRODUCTION
CHOICE
GASEOUS FUEL
LIQUID FUEL
COAL
FURTHER READING
COMPRESSED AIR
INTRODUCTION
PLANT AIR SYSTEMS
INSTRUMENT AIR SYSTEMS
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SAFETY
THE FUTURE INERT GASES
INTRODUCTION
PROPERTIES OF INERT GASES
USES AND PURITIES OF INERT GASES
SOURCES AND METHODS OF GENERATION
COMPARISON OF NITROGEN
GENERATION ROUTES
GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF INERTING SYSTEM
OPERATIONAL, MAINTENANCE AND SAFETY ASPECTS
THE FUTURE WATER PREPARATION
INTRODUCTION
PROCESS USES FOR WATER
WATER SOURCES AND THEIR ANALYSIS
CONDUCTIVITY
REMOVAL OF SPECIFIC CONSTITUENTS
INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT PROCESSES
OTHER PROCESSES
WATER TREATMENT
FLOW SHEETS WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION
ULTRA-PURE AND PYROGEN-FREE WATER
THE FUTURE
FURTHER READING
THERMAL FLUID SYSTEMS
INTRODUCTION
SELECTION OF HEATING
MEDIA
THERMAL LIQUID SYSTEMS
VAPOUR SYSTEMS
SAFETY CONTROLS
FURTHER READING
THE BOILER HOUSE
INTRODUCTION
PRELIMINARY



CONSIDERATIONS
RELIABILITY
TYPES OF BOILER
BURNERS
BOILER
ANCILLARY PLANT
SPECIFICATION AND SELECTION OF BOILERS
WATER TREATMENT
IDLE BOILERS
COMBINED HEAT AND POWER
FURTHER READING
STEAM DISTRIBUTION
INTRODUCTION
DRAINAGE
LETDOWN STATIONS
AIR REMOVAL
CONDENSATE
REMOVAL
CONDENSATE RECOVERY
MATERIALS FOR STEAM MAINS
CLEANLINESS
FURTHER READING
ELECTRICITY USE AND APPLICATION
INTRODUCTION
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
ELECTRICITY UTILIZATION
TYPES OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND APPLICATIONS
ECONOMICS
AIR AND WATER COOLING
INTRODUCTION
AIR COOLERS WATER
COOLING AIR VERSUS WATER COOLING
MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION
THE FUTURE
REFRIGERATION
INTRODUCTION
REFRIGERANTS AND THEIR PROPERTIES
PERFORMANCE
ASSESSMENT OF REFRIGERATION
CYCLES FACTORS
AFFECTING
CHOICE OF REFRIGERATION
CYCLE
TYPES OF CYCLES
CALCULATION OF POWER REQUIREMENTS
REFRIGERATION PACKAGES OPERATION, MAINTENANCE AND SAFETY ASPECTS
THE FUTURE FURTHER
READING
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
INTRODUCTION
ASSESSING THE FIRE HAZARD
ASSESSING THE CONSEQUENCES
PROTECTION
PHILOSOPHY
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM FACILITIES
DESIGN STANDARDS AND GUIDANCE
FURTHER READING
BUILDING SERVICES HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING



INTRODUCTION
VENTILATION
SPACE HEATING
PACKAGE AIR CONDITIONING
CENTRAL STATION
AIR CONDITIONING
DEHUMIDIFICATION
FURTHER READING
PIPEWORK AND SAFETY
INTRODUCTION
PIPE SIZES
RELIMINARY PIPELINE SIZING INE ROUTING INE INSULATION
SAFETY RELIEF VALVES
RELIEF LINES
FLARES
VENTS TO ATMOSPHERE
HOSE STATIONS AND BREATHING AIR
SAFETY SHOWERS
INSULATING FLANGE SETS
SIZING ACCUMULATORS
NOMENCLATURE REFERENCES APPENDIX 1 PROCESS UTILITY SUMMARY
SHEETS APPENDIX 2 MAIN CONVERSION FACTORS INDEX