Cells

The building blocks of life

By Jessie Jones and Kayla
Hedin
Prokaryotic cells
2 different types
Bacteria
Archaea
No organized nucleolus
DNA is all just clumped in an area
No organelles, chloroplasts, or
mitochondria.
Very small


Eukaryotic cells
2 general types
Mitosis
Meiosis
Classic Cell
Nucleus
Organelles
Extra

http://www.biology4kids.com/files/micro_eukar
yote.html
Cell Theory
All living things are made of cells
Unique Characteristics of
Plant Cells
Cell wall
Made of cellulose (a type of sugar)
Strong and rigid
Protects the cell
Large empty spaces in the cellulose make it
freely permeable
Plant Cells
Cell membrane
Against the cell wall
Made of protein and lipids
Selectively permeable
Controls the materials that come in and out
of the cell
Plant Cells
Cytoplasm
Jelly-like substance contained by the cell
membrane
Where chemical reactions take place
Organelles and granules are located here
Plant Cells
Chloroplast
Contains chlorophyll, a green pigment
Produce food
Traps light energy to make food (using
photosynthesis)
Plant and Animal Cells
Cell Membrane
Surrounds the cell, but has small holes to allow
things to come in and out
Cytoplasm
The fluid that fills a cell
Cell organelles are suspended in it
Has different molecules that keep the cell
working
It uses its enzymes to break down larger
molecules


Plant and Animal
Nucleus
Command center/ brain of the cell
Controls eating, movement, and
reproduction
In the middle of the cytoplasm
Chromosomes
Genetic information
Made up of DNA
Found in the nucleus

Plant and Animal
Centrioles
Two of them in animal cells
Made of microtubules
Move towards opposite ends of the nucleus
during cell division
Ribosomes
Protein builders/synthesizers
Can be found floating in the cytoplasm
Can be found on the endoplasmic
reticulum

Plant and Animal
Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell
Digestive system
Take in nutrients, breaks them down, creates
energy
Process known as cellular respiration
Very small
Thousands can be found in some cells
Has two membranes-the outer membrane
covers ant contains the organelle, the inner
membrane folds many times to increase surface
area inside the organelle

Plant and Animal
Endoplasmic reticulum
Like the packaging system
Smooth ER-storage organelle, stores steroids
and ions
Rough ER-have ribosomes attached, help in the
process of protein synthesis and
packaging
Golgi
Another packaging cell like the ER
Gathers simple molecules and makes them
more complex by combining them
Then packages them in vesicles to store for later
use or send out of the cell

Plant and Animal
Vacuoles
Storage bubbles for nutrients or waste
products
Larger in plants
Microfilaments
Long, thin, stringy proteins
Everywhere in the cell
Help to form the structure of the cell
Help in moving the cell

Plant and Animal
Microtubules
Proteins that work with microfilaments
Thick, strong spirals
Part of centrioles and help the cell divide
Cilia and Flagella
Cilia-little hairs on the outside of some cells
that flap back and forth to help the cell
move
Flagella-long, thick tails that whip and twirl
to push the cell along

Plant and Animal
Lysosomes
In animal cells
Hold enzymes created by the cell
Their purpose is to digest things
Enzyme proteins created in the rough
ERpackaged in a vesicle and sent to the
GolgiGolgi creates the digestive enzyme
and pinches off a vesiclethe lysosome

Sources
http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_m
embrane.html