11.

Hydronephrosis:
Hydronephrosis ,literally "water inside the kidney"
refers to distension and dilation of the renal pelvis
and calyces, usually caused by obstruction of the free
flow of urine from the kidney. Untreated, it leads to
progressive atrophy of the kidney. In cases of
hydroureteronephrosis, there is distention of both
the ureter and the renal pelvis and calices.

11. Hidronefrosis:
Hidronefrosis, literalmente "agua dentro del rin" se refiere a la distensin y la
dilatacin de la pelvis renal y clices, generalmente causadas por la obstruccin
del libre flujo de la orina desde el rin. Sin tratamiento, conduce a la atrofia
progresiva del rin. En los casos de hydroureteronephrosis, hay distensin del
urter y la pelvis renal y los clices.
12. Nephrocalcinosis:
Nephrocalcinosis, once known as Albright's calcinosis after Fuller Albright, or
"Anderson-Carr" Kidneys, is a term originally used to describe deposition of
calcium salts in the renal parenchyma due to hyperparathyroidism. It is now
more commonly used to describe diffuse, fine, renal parenchymal calcification
on radiology. During its early stages, nephrocalcinosis is visible on x-ray, and
appears as a fine granular mottling over the renal outlines. These outlines
eventually come together to form a dense mass. It is most commonly seen as an
incidental finding with medullary sponge kidney on an abdominal x-ray.
However, it may be severe enough to cause (as well as be caused by) renal
tubular acidosis or even end stage renal failure, due to disruption of the renal
tissue by the deposited calcium.
12. Nefrocalcinosis:
Nefrocalcinosis una vez conocida como calcinosis de Albright despus Fuller
Albright, o los riones 'Anderson-Carr', es un trmino usado originalmente para
describir la deposicin de sales de calcio en el parnquima renal debida a
hiperparatiroidismo. Ahora es ms comnmente utilizado para describir la
calcificacin difusa, fina, renal parenquimatosa en radiologa. Durante sus
primeras etapas, nefrocalcinosis es visible en la radiografa y aparece como un
moteado fino granular sobre los contornos renales. Estos contornos
eventualmente se unen para formar una masa densa. Comnmente se ve como
un hallazgo con rin medular de la esponja en una radiografa abdominal
incidental. Sin embargo, puede ser lo suficientemente severa para la acidosis
tubular renal causa (as como ser causada por) o incluso insuficiencia renal
terminal, debido a la alteracin del tejido renal por el calcio depositado.
13. Tuberculosis of the kidney:
Tuberculosis may lead to renal dysfunction via a range of mechanisms; these
include direct infection of the kidney and
lower urinary tract, tubulointerstitial
nephritis, glomerulonephritis, secondary
amyloidosis, and obstructive uropathy.
Associated adverse effects include mild
hyponatremia due to the syndrome of
inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
secretion (SIADH) induced by pulmonary
involvement, and nephrotoxicity induced by antimycobacterial agents.
13. Tuberculosis del rin:
La tuberculosis puede conducir a la disfuncin renal mediante una serie de
mecanismos; Estos incluyen infeccin directa del rin y del tracto urinario
inferior, nefritis tubulointersticial, Glomerulonefritis, Amiloidosis secundaria y la
uropata obstructiva. Efectos adversos asociados incluyen hiponatremia leve
debido al sndrome de secrecin inadecuada de la hormona antidiurtica
(SIADH) inducida por la implicacin pulmonar y nefrotoxicidad inducida por
agentes antimycobacterial.