Nano Expo/Part 1/Report/ Chloe Dancer SACE/Tysair Gabrais SACE/Chloe Prince NON-SACE

Final Report
Introduction
The product which our group would like to propose is a nano-bot. Our nano-bot will
target cancer cells within the human body and stay active for 6 months. This particular
nano-bot will target cancer cells only and completely destroy them. We hope that this will
take less than 6 months to complete but with the nano-bot still active any recurrences
would be stopped before they could spread. After 6 months the nano-bot would be
flushed out via the bowel. It will also circulate through the bloodstream (or travel through
the body by other means) in order to kill any other tumours that were not found by the
oncologist. It has been stated that if scientists can load their cancer-detecting gold
nanoparticles with anticancer drugs, they could then attack the cancer exactly where it
lives. (Silverman, 2007) A treatment like this means fewer side effects and less
medication used and with the design of our nano-bot this is what we aim for.

Nanotechnology is used in our product as a nano-bot will be used to detect the tumours
and apply the drug. Specifically, the nanotechnology associated with our product is the
engineering discipline of designing and building the nano-bot. As the machinery used to
create the nano-bot range in sizes from 0.110 micrometres and is constructed on a
nano-scale of molecular components. Nanoparticles also carry the potential for targeted
and time-release drugs. An effective amount of drugs could be delivered to a specific
area (tumour site) and then be programmed to release over a planned period to ensure
maximum effectiveness and the patient's safety. (Silverman, 2007). The nanobot will be
built on a nanoscale precisely because it is a simpler yet effective way of applying the drug
and detecting the cancer tumours.

If advertised correctly millions of people could buy our product because of the effect that
it can have. We believe that our product will be bought by doctors and cancer patients
as the product may cure cancer. Our audience will pay more for our product than an
alternative product because its a known fact that cancer treatments are expensive.
Customers will be drawn in by the effect that our product has the ability to last as long as
they can afford it, therefore, they wont really worry about the cost of it.

Function
The benefit of having a nano-bot that only measures 6 atoms across is that it will then
give the nano-bot the ability to interact at the bacteria and virus level. The main function
of the nano-bots will be medical as they have the potential to alter the medical
community (in terms of cancer) in every way. The nano-bot will be injected into the
bloodstream because it is so tiny and will then be able to float through your circulatory
system in order to locate and treat areas of your body that contain tumours. (Clare,
2009)
The way in which our product will work is that the nano-bot will be inserted into your
body and will travel through the bloodstream to the cancer cells. It will then stay there
and become responsible for destroying the cancer cells. Afterwards, it will then circulate
the entire body to detect any other tumours that may not have been recognized. The
non-nanotechnology required for this product is the actual drug. The drug will be applied
in an extremely concentrated form so that the nano-bots can stay in the bloodstream for
quite a long period of time, without too badly affecting the rest of the body. The nano and
non-nano technologies interact in the form of the nano-bot itself and the cure that will be
inserted/attached to the nano-bot.

Nano Expo/Part 1/Report/ Chloe Dancer SACE/Tysair Gabrais SACE/Chloe Prince NON-SACE
According to current theories, nano-bots will possess at least basic two-way
communication: they will respond to acoustic signals; and will be able to receive power
or even re-programming instructions from an external source via sound waves. As far as
collecting results, a network of special nano-bots might be strategically positioned
throughout the body, logging each active nano-bot as it passes, and then reporting those
results. This will allow an interface to keep track of the device in the body. This way a
doctor will be able to monitor the patients progress and also change the instructions of
the nano-bot if needed. This will insure that the drug is administered everywhere that is
necessary, this means travelling all throughout the body. When the task is completed the
nano-bot will then be flushed out from the body. (Denis, 2003)

Our nanobot will travel through the patients body and stay there for six months because
of a rechargeable battery. Alkaline rechargeable batteries will be used for our nanobot
as acid can melt through the metal and may harm the recipient of the treatment.
Rechargeable batteries will be used to power our nanobot.














A battery produces electricity through a series of electromagnetic reactions between the
anode, cathode and electrolyte when a load completes the circuit between the two
terminals. An oxidation reaction is experienced by the anode in which two or more ions
from the electrolyte combine with the anode, producing a compound and releasing one
or more electrons. While this is happening, the cathode goes through a reduction
reaction in which the cathode substance, ions and free electrons also combine to form
compounds. To put it short what happens during this process is that the reaction in the
anode creates electrons which is then absorbed by the reaction in the cathode. The net
product is electricity. The battery will continue to produce electricity until one or both of
the electrodes run out of the substance necessary for the reactions to occur. That is why
we chose rechargeable batteries because they have the ability to last for a long time.
Some other nano-bots are being developed but using bacteria to power the nano-bot
this would cause some health effects to the patient and the bacteria does not survive for
as long. This would cause some problems for us as the nano-bot may just decay in the
body.

The structure of a rechargeable
battery. Taken from (Drew, n.d)
Nano Expo/Part 1/Report/ Chloe Dancer SACE/Tysair Gabrais SACE/Chloe Prince NON-SACE















Manufacturing
Our understanding as to how this product will be produced is by having the products
manufactured in nano-factories, no larger than the average desktop printer. These nano-
factories will consist of only nano-scale machinery capable of constructing the nano-bots
to specific sizes and requirements. We will be able to set the nano-factories to construct
the nano-bots to a specific size, shape, and design along with the type of atoms,
molecules and computerized components that are necessary. Raw material for making
the nano-bots would be nearly cost-free, and the process virtually pollution-free, making
nano-bots an extremely affordable and highly attractive technology. (Denis, 2003)
The nano-bots will be in the patients bloodstream for a certain time period so the patient
will not be able to feel it as such. This would make the treatment a lot simpler, easier and
more comfortable for the patient. On the one hand, when being treated with
chemotherapy you have a needle in your arm the whole time and so it may therefore it
may be an uncomfortable experience.

The manufacturing will change because the product is on the nano-scale. This will mean
the product may take longer to manufacture since building and creating on the nano-
Figure 1, this picture is an animation as
to what a nanobot may Look like in
regards to size and the job it portrays
http://nanobots.wikispaces.com/

Figure 2, nanobots will use gold particles
to carry anticancer drugs straight to the
cancer. Photographer; Juan Lobo
http://health.howstuffworks.com/medicin
e/modern-technology/gold-
nanotech1.htm
An image depicting the alkaline
battery. (Drew, n.d)
Nano Expo/Part 1/Report/ Chloe Dancer SACE/Tysair Gabrais SACE/Chloe Prince NON-SACE
scale takes much longer and much more precision than manufacturing on the normal
size, as the equipment must be placed in the right position.
With any product that is being manufactured there are risks. Some of the risks to the
product would be if the product malfunctioned and spread the cure throughout the body,
which may cause harm to non-tumours. Having the nano-bot go straight to the cancer
cell is a really efficient process however this may be seen as a threat because
nanoparticles are so small, they can get inside living cells, and theres evidence they
may cause damage when they do. Some particles are small enough that they don't
trigger the body's immune responses once they're inside cells. Other nanoparticles seem
to bond to DNA and deform its structure. Full risk assessments should be performed on
these nano-bots to ensure safety and recognize any threats. A full-scale safety
assessment will be completed to make sure that the nano-bot will not cause any harm.

In conclusion, our Nano product is different from designs that have been formatted
previously are different to ours for specific reasons: rechargeable battery powered,
detection and application, prolonged time lapse and disposal of the nano-bot. All
mentioned above. This process has improved the function of the nano-bot and will
hopefully make a good product for the market and help improve the lives of others for
the better,



References
Clare. (2009). what are the capabilities of Nanobots? Available:
http://nanogloss.com/tag/nanobots/#ixzz2z0wCF8FC. Last accessed 16 April 2014..
Denis. (2003). what are the Possible Dangers of Nanotechnology? Available:
http://www.wisegeek.org/what-are-the-possible-dangers-of-nanotechnology.htm. Last
accessed 15 April 2014.
Denis. (2013). what are Nanobots? Available: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-
nanorobots.html. Last accessed 16 April 2014.
Jacob Silverman. (2007). Nanotechnology and Cancer. Available:
http://health.howstuffworks.com/medicine/modern-technology/gold-nanotech1.htm. Last
accessed 16 April 2014.
Science Buzz. (2004). Nanotechnology: the good and the bad. Available:
http://www.sciencebuzz.org/topics/nano/issues. Last accessed 15 April 2014.




Hello everyone This is Chloe here


Nano Expo/Part 1/Report/ Chloe Dancer SACE/Tysair Gabrais SACE/Chloe Prince NON-SACE
Source Analysis 1
Po C Chen, Sandra C Mwakwari, and Adegboyega K Oyelere. (2008).Gold nanoparticles:
From nanomedicine to nanosensi ng. Available:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3781743/. Last accessed 12 April 2014.
Credibility
This report was written by Po C Chen, Sandra C Mwakawari and Adegoboyega K Oyelere. They all
attend the School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker H Petit Institute for Bioengineering and
Bioscience, Atlanta, GA, USA. All three have written several reports within the same area. PMC is a
free full-text archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature at the U.S. 3 million articles are
archived by PMC currently. This website is also founded by the government, making it a higher
preference as websites that are founded by the government are seen to be more trustworthy.

Accuracy
After looking through other websites that talked about gold nanoparticles, it was evident to see that
the information was very similar which lead me to believe that its true. The website also provides a
reference list in case more in-depth research needs to be made or any confusion with what is
presented in the article. A lot of sources have been cited in this article which demonstrates that the
authors have also done a lot of background research.

Bias
This website is not at all bias as it is based on solid research. There are no opinions given throughout
the statements made as it is not an issue that requires the voice of other people. No person would
take offense from this article as it is a scientific article.
Suitability
This article was published four years ago which isnt a long time ago. Judging from the large number
of intex referencing that has been made, it is clear to see that some of the information given in this
article was taken/understood from other articles that were published around the same time. This
indicates that the article was written based on studies that had been found at that time. It is very
suitable for my purpose as I am seeking information about how gold nanoparticles influence the
medical field and this article provides a lot of valid information on that exactly. It also talks about
other uses of gold nanoparticles from the past and relative concepts that build up to the future goals.







Source Analysis 2
Clare, 2009
Suitability This website was suitable for what we were looking for as it had some
Nano Expo/Part 1/Report/ Chloe Dancer SACE/Tysair Gabrais SACE/Chloe Prince NON-SACE
information on nanobots and how they may be used in the future as they
havent been invented yet. She described how a similar process is occurring
in oncology which is the area we are studying so it was helpful to know how
we can take the technology a step further for the expo.
Credibility The author wasnt technically speaking credible as the information on the
website was a few entries of which she was clearly researching. However, the
information gathered seem relevant enough.
Accuracy The entries recorded were accurate enough with the text getting straight to
the point with no dilly dallying. It was not stated where the information was
collected from which makes me suspect that the information written was not
accurate.
Bias There was evidently bias as they were entries on what nanobots have the
ability to do and how many brilliant things they will be able to do in the
foreseeable future. This was bias because nanobots were an area of interest
to her and so she only provided the good points to nanotechnology and not
the bad ones which proved bias.

Source Analysis 3
http://www.wisegeek.org/what-are-the-possible-dangers-of-nanotechnology.htm

Suitability
For the section of report that was being written the article was suitable
enough, providing information and facts.
Credibility
The article seems to be relatively credible, coming from a trusted website
source (WiseGeek). However no author is stated, this makes the article
less easy to trust.
Accuracy
The facts and information presented in this article looks accurate and
even reference other article, these references lead to articles which back
up the information presented in the first article.
Bias
This article on the dangers of nano-technology appears unbiased. The
article presents facts as opposed to opinions.