٢٠٠٧ ،٨ ‫ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬،٢٥ ‫ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬،‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل‬
(‫ ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ‬CK 35 ) ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬

*‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ ﺩﻭﺍﻱ ﺜﺎﻤﺭ‬

٢٠٠٧/٢/٤ :‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻡ‬
٢٠٠٧/٧/٥ :‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻭل‬

‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼﺼﺔ‬
‫ﻫﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻫﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜـﻼل‬
Mean ) ‫ ﺍﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺩﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﺒﺎﻻﺤﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺒﻤﺘﻭﺴـﻁ ﺍﺠﻬـﺎﺩ‬CK35 ‫ﻟﻔﻭﻻﺫ‬
‫ ﻋﻨـﺩ ﺩﺭﺠـﺔ‬CK35 ‫ ﺘﻤﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺴﺨﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻔـﻭﻻﺫ‬.‫ ( ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺼﻔﺭ‬Stress
º
‫( ﻡ‬٦٠٠،٤٠٠،٢٠٠) ‫ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺜﻡ ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴـﺔ‬º‫( ﻡ‬٨٤٠) ‫ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ ﺴﺎﻫﻤﺕ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺘﺤﺴـﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺨـﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴـﺔ‬.‫ﻭﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺒﺎﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻗﺒل ﻭﺒﻌـﺩ‬
‫ ﺒﺭﻻﻴﺕ ( ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴـﺔ‬, ‫ ﺍﺫ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ) ﻓﺭﺍﻴﺕ‬, ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻰ ﻤﺎﺭﺘﻨﺯﺍﻴﺕ ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻥ ) ﺘﺭﻭﺴﺘﺎﻴﺕ ﺍﻭ ﺴﻭﺭﺒﺎﻴﺕ ( ﺤﻴﺙ ﺴﺎﻫﻤﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺠﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻭﻗﻑ ﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺤـﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻠـل ﻭﺍﻟﺨـﻭﺍﺹ‬
‫( ﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺭ ﺼﻭﺭ ﺘﺘﺒﻊ‬SEM) ‫ ﻟﻘﺩ ﺍﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺴﺢ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺨﺭﻯ‬
.‫ﻨﻤﻭ ﺸﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻭﺍﻥ ﺸﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻴﻨﺸﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻁﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﺩﺓ ﻭﻴﻨﻤﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺩﻨﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺍﻗل‬

‫ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬,‫ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬,‫ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل‬:‫ﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻤﺎﺕ‬

A Study on The Effect Heat Treatment Tempretature On Mechanical Properties

And Fatigue For Steel CK35

Abstract
The aim of the research is to study the influence of heat treatment temperature on
mechanical properties and limit fatigue of steel CK35. Tensile, impact and fatigue
rotating bending tests with the mean stress estimated to zero. All the tests of heat
treatment were conducted which include heating the steel to 840 ºC and then quenching
by water and after that tempering at temperature of (200, 400, 600) ºC and then cooling in
air, show that the temperatures of heat treatment improve the mechanical properties and
fatigue limit before and after heat treatment. The change in microstructure of steel before
heat treatment (ferrite and pearlite) and after quenching martensite and martempering
(Trostite or Sorbite) microstructures. Shown that structural barriers that may help in
depriving the growth of the crack. The mechanical properties and fatigue limit were
improved. The electronic microscope slides-scanner (SEM) of the fractured surface
showed the fatigue cracks growth which may be formed under the hard phases and then
reduction in growth in the plasticity region.

‫ ﻗﺴﻡ ﻫﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ‬/ ‫*ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻠﻭﺠﻴﺔ‬

٢٦٥
 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫) ‪ CK 35‬ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ(‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺭﺓ ﺘﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﺴﺭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺩﻨﺔ ﺍﺼﻐﺭ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪(2000) K. A.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ )‬
‫‪ (٥)(Padmanabhan‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻔﻭﻻﺫ‬
‫ﺴﺒﺎﺌﻜﻲ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻭﺘﻭﺼل ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻭﺍﻁﺊ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ )‪(135 %‬‬
‫ﺍﻜﺜﺭ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺭﻻﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺸﻥ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﻴﺭﻻﻴﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻋﻡ ﻭﺍﻥ ﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺭﻻﻴﺕ ﻫﻲ‬
‫)‪ (400Mpa‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺭﻻﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺸﻥ ﻫﻲ‬
‫)‪ (245Mpa‬ﺍﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻴﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺒﺭﻱ‪/‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻴﻨﺎﻴﺕ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ )‪365Mpa‬ﺀ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‬
‫‪ ١-٢‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﻓﻭﻻﺫ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ )‪ (CK 35%‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ‬
‫ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﻭﻱ ﺒﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻴﺎﻑ‬
‫)‪ (Spectrometer‬ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﺒﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺩﻭل )‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻋﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫‪ ٢-٢‬ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (١‬ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﺤﺼﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﺒﺎﻻﺤﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﺭ ) ‪Schenck Rotating Bending‬‬
‫‪.( punn‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻭﺼﻠﻭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻥ ﻤﻌﺩل ﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻭﻕ‬
‫‪ ٣-٢‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺠﺭﺍﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ) ‪CK‬‬
‫‪.( 0/35%‬‬
‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫‪ ١-٣-٢‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺭﻓﻌﺕ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤـﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔـﺭﻥ ﺍﻟـﻰ‬
‫)‪ (840Co‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺌﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔـﻭﻻﺫ ﻤﺘﻭﺴـﻁ ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ) ‪CK‬‬
‫‪ ( 0/35%‬ﺜﻡ ﺘﻡ ﻭﻀﻊ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔـﻭﻻﺫ ﻟﻤـﺩﺓ‬
‫‪٢٦٦‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ،٢٥‬اﻟﻌﺪد ‪٢٠٠٧ ،٨‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻔﺸل ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻼﺠﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻻﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻭ ﻤﻴﺘﺎﻟﻭﺭﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻤﺜل ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﻓﺸل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺯ ﺍﻻﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻓﺸل ﺍﻻﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﺭﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﺠﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺩﻭﺭﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﺨﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﺸل ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺼﻭﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺍﻨﺫﺍﺭ‪ ,‬ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﺨﺫﺕ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل‬
‫ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬
‫ﻓﺸل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ‪ ,‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺭﻜﺯ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺭ ﺍﺒﺘﺩﺍﺀﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﺴﻠﻭﻜﻬﺎ ﺨﻼل ﻓﺘﺭﺍﺕ ﻨﻤﻭﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀﺍ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻟﻼﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻌﺭﺽ‬
‫ﻟﻼﺠﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﺭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻥ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل‬
‫ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﻭل ﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻻﻁﻭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻭﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻠﻭﻙ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ) )‪(1984‬‬
‫‪ ,(٢)(DE los Rios‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ) )‪(1988‬‬
‫‪ (٣)( T.Tokaji‬ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒـﻭﻥ‬
‫)‪ ( CK 0.45%‬ﺒﺎﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﺒﺎﻻﺤﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺭﺓ ﺘﺘﺎﺜﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺤل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭ ﻭﻟﺤﺩ ﻁﻭل ﺸﻕ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻭﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻻﺠﻬﺎﺩ ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺒﻨﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻻﺠﻬﺎﺩ ‪ ,‬ﻭﺍﻥ ﺸﻘﻭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﺘﺒﺩﺍ ﻭﺘﺘﻭﺴﻊ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺼﻔﺎﺌﺢ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻴﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ) ‪( (1985) J.Lankford‬‬
‫ﺒﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻤﻭ ﺸﻘﻭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻁﺊ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺴﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻨﺘﺘﺠﻭ ﺒﺎﻥ ﺸﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل‬
 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫) ‪ CK 35‬ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ(‬
‫‪ : P‬ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻁ ) ‪( kg‬‬
‫‪ : Dav‬ﻤﻌﺩل ﻗﻁﺭ ﺍﻻﺜﺭ ) ‪( mm‬‬
‫‪ ٣-٤-٢‬ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬـﺭﻱ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻀﻲ ﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴـﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌـﺔ ﻋﻨـﺩ ﺩﺭﺠـﺎﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎﺕ ﺘﺤﻀـﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻭﻀﺤﺔﻯ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﺸـﻜل‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ )‪. (٣‬‬
‫ـﻁﺔ‬‫ـﺭ ﺒﻭﺍﺴـ‬
‫ـﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺴـ‬‫ـﺹ ﻤﻘﻁـ‬ ‫‪ ٤-٤-٢‬ﻓﺤـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺴﺢ ) ‪( SEM‬‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜـﻼل‬
‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺴﺢ ) ‪( SEM‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻡ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻁﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﺸـﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﻤﻨـﺎﻁﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺯﻭﺯ ) ‪ ( Striatiom‬ﻭﺘـﻡ ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﻋﻤـﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺸـﻜل )‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺨﻭﺫﺓ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺴﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ـﺔ‬
‫ـﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠـ‬‫ـﺎ ﻟﻨـ‬
‫‪ ٥-٤-٢‬ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل‬
‫ﺍﺠﺭﻱ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜـﻼل ﻤـﻥ ﻨـﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺤﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﺭ ) ‪ ( Rotating Bending‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﺒﺭﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﺠﻬﺎﺩ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟـﺩﻭﺭﺍﺕ ) ‪S-‬‬
‫‪ ( Ncurve‬ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺴﻰ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺠﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ) ‪ ، ( 200, 400, 600Co‬ﻭﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴـﺩ‬
‫ﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻜل ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﻭﻀـﺢ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل )‪. (٦‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﻜﻭﻴل ) ‪ ( HRC‬ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ٦-٤-٢‬ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺠﺭﻱ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻤﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘـــﺔ‬
‫)‪ ( Charpy V‬ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠـﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻥ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻤﺔ ﻤﻭﻀﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪. (٢‬‬
‫‪٢٦٧‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ،٢٥‬اﻟﻌﺪد ‪٢٠٠٧ ،٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢٠‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺘﻡ ﺍﺨﻤﺎﺩﻫـﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻤـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﻤﻭﺩﻱ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺘﻤﺭ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨـﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺘﺤﻁﻴﻡ ﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭ)‪. (٦‬‬
‫‪ ٢-٣-٢‬ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺠﺭﺕ ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺴﺎﺓ ﻋﻨـﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ‪ ( 200, 400, 600 ) Cc‬ﻟﻤﺩﺓ ‪1‬‬
‫‪ hr.‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜـﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴـﺩ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻬـﻭﺍﺀ ﻻﺯﺍﻟـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺠﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻻﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒـﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻭﻟﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺎﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼل)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ ٤-٢‬ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻭﺼﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫‪ ١-٤-٢‬ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺠﺭﻱ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺩ ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﻤﺘﻭﺴـﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ) ‪ , ( CK 35‬ﺍﺫ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﻋﻴﻨـﺔ‬
‫ـﺏ‬‫ـﺔ ﺒﻤﻭﺠـ‬ ‫ـﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴـ‬ ‫ـل ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠـ‬‫ـﺩﺓ ﻟﻜـ‬‫ﻭﺍﺤـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴـﻴﺔ ﺭﻗـﻡ ) ‪( DIN 50125‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (٢‬ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺩ ﻟﻔﻭﻻﺫ‬
‫ـﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻭﻓﻘـ‬‫ـﻁ ﺍﻟﻜـ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٢-٤-٢‬ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﺠﺭﻱ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺘﻴﻥ ﻫﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻜﻭﻴل ) ‪ ( HRC‬ﻭﻓﻴﻜﺭﺯ ) ‪ ( HV‬ﻭﻜـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺭﻭﻜﻭﻴـل ﻫـﻭ )‬
‫‪ ( 150kg‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻴﻜﺭﺯ ) ‪ ( 5kg‬ﻭﺘـﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺨﺫ ﻤﻌﺩل ﻟﺜﻼﺙ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻟﻜل ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺘﻡ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻴﻜﺭﺯ ﻓﻘـﺩ ﺘـﻡ ﺍﻋﺘﻤـﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫‪Hv = 1.8544 * p/Dav²‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺘﻲ‪-:‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻥ‬
‫‪ : HV‬ﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻜﺭﺯﻻ ) ‪( kg/mm2‬‬
 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ،٢٥‬اﻟﻌﺪد ‪٢٠٠٧ ،٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫) ‪ CK 35‬ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ(‬

‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒﺎ ﺍﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺸل ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﻤﺘﻘﺎﺭﺒـﺔ‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻻﺠﻬﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻁ ﺍﺫ ﺘﺤﺼل ﺍﻋﺎﻗـﺔ ﻟﻨﻤـﻭ‬ ‫‪ ١-٣‬ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻭﻕ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺠﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺭﺘﻨﺯﺍﻴـﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (٢‬ﻴﻭﻀـﺢ ﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﺨﺘﺒـﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸـﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻭﻀﻊ ﻗﻴﻡ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺸﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﺠﻬﺎﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺩﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﻤﺘﻭﺴـﻁ‬
‫ﺍﺫ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ) ‪. ( CK35‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺭﺘﻨﺯﺍﻴــﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠــﻊ ﻤــﻊ ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻴــﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ ﺭﺴﻡ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻜل ﻤـﻥ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤـﺔ ﺍﻟﺸـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺒﺴﻠﻭﻥ)‪ (Fe3.4C‬ﻭﺍﻥ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺭ ﻫﺵ ﻨﻭﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺩﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﻤﻊ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﺯﻭﺯ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪. (٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﺼل ﻟﻤﺠﺎﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘـﻡ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺴﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺘﻬـﺎ ﻋﻨـﺩ˚‪٤٠٠ C‬‬ ‫‪ ٢-٣‬ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺠﻬﺎﺩ‪-‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﺕ )‪(S-N‬‬
‫ﻓﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻭﺴﺘﺎﻴﺕ ﻭﻗـﺩ‬ ‫‪curve‬‬
‫ﺒﻠﻎ ﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻬـﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴـﺔ ‪σf= ٥٢٠Mpa‬‬ ‫ﺘﻡ ﺭﺴﻡ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﺠﻬﺎﺩ – ﻋـﺩﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻴﻠـﻲ ﺍﻱ ﻴﺤـﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤـل‬
‫ﻋﺒﺭﺍﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﻊ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﻟﺩﻥ ﻤﺼﺤﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺯﻭﺯ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸـﻜل )‪(٤‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺒﻠﻎ ﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺘﻘﺴﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ˚‪C‬‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬
‫‪ σf= ٥٢٠Mpa ٦٠٠‬ﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠـﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺤﺼﻠﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺴﻴﻤﻨﺘﺎﻴﺕ ﻜﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻭ ﺤﺒﻴﺒـﻲ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺩ ﺍﻥ ﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻻﺴـﺎﺱ ﺘﺘﻜـﻭﻥ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻓﺭﺍﻴﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻭﺭﺒﺎﻴﺕ ﻭﻴﺤـﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻴﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﻻﻴﺕ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎﺘﻭﻀـﺤﻪ ﺼـﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺭ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﻊ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﻟـﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻥ ﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﺍﻟـﺫﻱ ﺘـﻡ‬
‫ﻋﺎل ﺍﺫ ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻕ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺤـﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺠـﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﻭ ‪σf= ٣٢٠Mpa‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻨﻤﻭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻭﻕ ﻋﺒـﺭ ﺼـﻔﺎﺌﺢ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻴـﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻥ ﻨﻤﻭ ﺸﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻴـﺘﻡ ﻋﺒـﺭ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎﻫﻭﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻴﺕ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻥ ﺤﺒﻴﺒـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻻﻴـﺕ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻋﻭﺍﺌﻕ ﻟﻨﻤﻭ ﺸـﻕ ﺍﻟﻜـﻼل ﻭﻫـﺫﺍ ﻤـﺎ‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻀﺤﺘﻪ ﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺴـﺢ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺘﻨﺨﻔﺽ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜـﻼل ﻭﺍﻟﺸـﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺯﻭﺯ )‪ (striation‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﺒﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺩ ﺍﻥ ﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻤﺠﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘـﻡ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺴﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺼل ﺍﻟﻰ ‪ σf= ٧٤٠Mpa‬ﺍﻱ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼـﺩﻤﺔ ﺒﺯﻴـﺎﺩﺓ ﺩﺭﺠـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ ﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻑ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ‬
‫ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺤﺩﻤﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘـﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺼـﻭل‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺭﺘﻨﺯﺍﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺘـﺎﺯ ﺒﺼـﻼﺩﺓ‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺍﻥ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﻜﻼل ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻁﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺼﺩﻤﺔ ﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺘﻴﻥ‬
‫ـﻲ‬‫ـﺕ ﻓـ‬ ‫ـﻊ ﻜﺎﻨـ‬
‫ـﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠـ‬
‫ـﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺴـ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻔـ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ ﺍﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺭ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺵ ﻭﻴﺤﺼـل ﻤـﺎﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ˚‪.٢٠٠ C‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺘﻘﺴﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ˚‪٢٠٠ C‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺩ ﻭﺼل ﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﺍﻟﻰ ﻤﻘـﺩﺍﺭ ‪٧٨٠Mpa‬‬
‫=‪ σf‬ﺍﻱ ﺘﻀﺎﻋﻑ ﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻤﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﻭﻨﺼﻑ‬

‫‪٢٦٨‬‬
 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ٢٠٠٧ ،٨ ‫ اﻟﻌﺪد‬،٢٥ ‫ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‬،‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
(‫ ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ‬CK 35 )

4 Mik Corite., “Heat Treatment of ٤٠٠ C˚‫ ﺍﻋﻁﺕ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌـﺔ‬-٤
Steel ”,2002. ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺼـﻼﺩﺓ‬
.‫ﻭﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل‬
5 Fogg P.,“ Hardening”, Home
Book Store Available Feed
Back, 2001.
‫ ﺍﻥ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﺘـﺅﺩﻱ‬-٥
‫ﺍﻟﻰﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﻬـﺵ ﺍﻟـﻰ‬
6 Research Group. School of .‫ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻴﻠﻲ‬
Engineering Sciences,
University of South Ampton, ‫ ﺍﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻻﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺸـﺩﺓ‬-٦
High Field. Internet, 2003. ‫ﺍﻻﺠﻬﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻋﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﺩﻗـﺔ ﺘﺨﻤـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻤﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴـﺭﻋﺔ‬
7 Renzhi and Wang, “Effect of .‫ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻕ‬
Residual Stress of Shot
Preening of thr Fatigue
Behaviour of Carbon Steel” ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
,2004. 1 John A.L.UTZ. Manager of
Engineering the June, Issue of
8 Inghabil, and Hans-Joaohim, H.C., ASM Heat Treating Progress,
Technology in the Heat Treatment 1997.
of Steel. Internet, 2001.
2 Ewing, J.A and Humphery, J.C,
Proc. Roy Series A.P.P, 211-
250, 2000.

3 Smith, R.A., “Fatigue Crack

Growth”, Pergoman Press 1999.

.( CK 0/35% ) ‫( ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﻭﻱ ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ‬١) ‫ﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ‬

٢٦٩
 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ،٢٥‬اﻟﻌﺪد ‪٢٠٠٧ ،٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫) ‪ CK 35‬ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ(‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪Si‬‬ ‫‪Mn‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪Cr‬‬ ‫‪Mo‬‬ ‫‪Ni‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪Cu‬‬ ‫‪Fe‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪0.35‬‬ ‫‪0.212‬‬ ‫‪0.57‬‬ ‫‪0.015‬‬ ‫‪0.03‬‬ ‫‪0.026‬‬ ‫‪0.082‬‬ ‫‪0.027‬‬ ‫‪0.003‬‬ ‫‪0.015‬‬ ‫‪Rem‬‬
‫)‪(wt%‬‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪ (١‬ﺃﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪ (٢‬ﺃﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬

‫‪٢٧٠‬‬
 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ،٢٥‬اﻟﻌﺪد ‪٢٠٠٧ ،٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫) ‪ CK 35‬ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ(‬

‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻭﻻﺫ ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ ) ‪( 840 Co ) ( 0.35 c%‬‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻭﻻﺫ ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻤﻠﺩﻥ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺭ ) ‪( 150 X‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺭ ) ‪( 400 X‬‬

‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻭﻻﺫ ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻭﻻﺫ ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ) ‪ ( 400Co‬ﻭﻗﻭﺓ ﺘﻜﺒﻴﺭ ) ‪( 400X‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ )‪ ( 600Co‬ﻭﻗﻭﺓ ﺘﻜﺒﻴﺭ) ‪( 150X‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ‬

‫ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﻌﺎﻤل ‪ ،‬ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺭ ) ‪( 55X‬‬

‫‪٢٧١‬‬
 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ،٢٥‬اﻟﻌﺪد ‪٢٠٠٧ ،٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫) ‪ CK 35‬ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ(‬

‫ﺘﻘﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ) ‪( 200Co‬‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺭ ) ‪( 500X‬‬
‫ﻗﻭﺓ ﺘﻜﺒﻴﺭ ) ‪( 36X‬‬

‫ﺘﻘﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ )‪(400Co‬ﺘﻘﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ) ‪ ( 600Co‬ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺭ ) ‪( 100X‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (٤‬ﻓﺤﺹ ﻤﻘﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺭ ﻟﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ‬

‫‪٢٧٢‬‬
 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ،٢٥‬اﻟﻌﺪد ‪٢٠٠٧ ،٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫) ‪ CK 35‬ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ(‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (٢‬ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺩﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ) ‪( CK 35‬‬
‫‪No.‬‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻼل‪σf‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺩﺓ‬
‫‪Mpa‬‬ ‫‪Mpa‬‬ ‫‪Kg.m/cm²‬‬ ‫‪Mpa‬‬ ‫‪Kg/mm²‬‬
‫‪HV‬‬ ‫‪HRC‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫‪622‬‬ ‫‪595‬‬ ‫‪270‬‬ ‫‪320‬‬ ‫‪218‬‬ ‫‪17.1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ )‪(840Co‬‬ ‫‪2220‬‬ ‫‪2030‬‬ ‫‪243‬‬ ‫‪740‬‬ ‫‪702‬‬ ‫‪59.3‬‬
‫ﻟﻤﺩﺓ ‪15min‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ – ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫‪1920‬‬ ‫‪1810‬‬ ‫‪270‬‬ ‫‪780‬‬ ‫‪505‬‬ ‫‪49.1‬‬
‫)‪ (200C o‬ﻟﻤﺩﺓ ‪1hr‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‪ -‬ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫‪1125‬‬ ‫‪985‬‬ ‫‪941‬‬ ‫‪520‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪35.5‬‬
‫)‪ (400C o‬ﻟﻤﺩﺓ ‪1hr‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ‪ +‬ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫‪870‬‬ ‫‪745‬‬ ‫‪1338‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪270‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬
‫)‪ (600C o‬ﻟﻤﺩﺓ ‪1hr‬‬

‫‪Mpa‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺸﺪ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎوة اﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ ‪Kg.m/cm²‬‬
‫‪Mpa‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪ اﻟﻜﻼل‬
‫‪Kg/mm²‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼدة‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ‬

‫‪٢٧٣‬‬
 ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ،٢٥‬اﻟﻌﺪد ‪٢٠٠٧ ،٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫) ‪ CK 35‬ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ(‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﺠﻬﺎﺩ‪-‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺒﻁﺭﻕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪ (٧‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻕ‪-‬ﻤﻌﺩل ﺸﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﺤﻬﺎﺩ ﻟﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻤﻘﺴﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ )‪(٢٠٠،٤٠٠،٦٠٠‬‬

‫‪٢٧٤‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ،٢٥‬اﻟﻌﺪد ‪٢٠٠٧ ،٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫) ‪ CK 35‬ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ(‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪ (٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻕ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﻟﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻤﻘﺴﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ )‪(٢٠٠،٤٠٠،٦٠٠‬‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪ (٩‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻕ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﻟﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻤﻘﺴﻰ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ )‪(٢٠٠،٤٠٠،٦٠٠‬‬

‫‪٢٧٥‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ،٢٥‬اﻟﻌﺪد ‪٢٠٠٧ ،٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼل ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫) ‪ CK 35‬ﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻥ(‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻭﻕ ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺴﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻋﻨﺩ) ‪(٢٠٠ C 0‬‬

‫‪bo=-0.06408‬‬ ‫‪b 1=9.3095*10-6‬‬ ‫‪b2=1.49138*10-11‬‬

‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪Nf‬‬ ‫‪σ‬‬ ‫‪da/dN‬‬ ‫‪∆k‬‬
‫)‪(mm‬‬ ‫)‪(cycle‬‬ ‫)‪(N/mm2‬‬ ‫)‪(mm/cycle‬‬ ‫)‪(Mpa.m1/2‬‬
‫‪0.956‬‬ ‫‪1.39*103‬‬ ‫‪830‬‬ ‫‪7.230*10-6‬‬ ‫‪45.49‬‬
‫‪0.982‬‬ ‫‪1.54*103‬‬ ‫‪820‬‬ ‫‪7.013*10-6‬‬ ‫‪45.55‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪-6‬‬
‫‪1.12‬‬ ‫‪1.72*10‬‬ ‫‪800‬‬ ‫‪6.744*10‬‬ ‫‪47.45‬‬
‫‪1.21‬‬ ‫‪2.04*103‬‬ ‫‪790‬‬ ‫‪6.267*10-6‬‬ ‫‪48.71‬‬
‫‪av. ∆ k =46.8‬‬
‫‪-6‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪av.(da/dN)=6.8*10‬‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻭﻕ ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺴﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻋﻨﺩ) ‪(٤٠٠ C 0‬‬

‫‪b o=-0.19283‬‬ ‫‪b1=4.2591*10-6‬‬ ‫‪b2=5.54997*10-12‬‬

‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪Nf‬‬ ‫‪σ‬‬ ‫‪da/dN‬‬ ‫‪∆k‬‬
‫)‪(mm‬‬ ‫)‪(cycle‬‬ ‫)‪(N/mm2‬‬ ‫)‪(mm/cycle‬‬ ‫)‪(Mpa.m1/2‬‬
‫‪0.64‬‬ ‫‪1.27*10 3‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪3.554*10-6‬‬ ‫‪26.9‬‬
‫‪0.785‬‬ ‫‪1.76*10 3‬‬ ‫‪570‬‬ ‫‪3.282*10-6‬‬ ‫‪28.81‬‬
‫‪0.82‬‬ ‫‪2.04*10 3‬‬ ‫‪550‬‬ ‫‪3.127*10-6‬‬ ‫‪27.92‬‬

‫‪1.01‬‬ ‫‪3.75*10 3‬‬ ‫‪540‬‬ ‫‪2.178*10-6‬‬ ‫‪30.42‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪av.(da/dN)=3.03*10-6‬‬ ‫‪av. ∆k =28.5‬‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻭﻕ ﻟﻠﻔﻭﻻﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺴﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻋﻨﺩ) ‪(٦٠٠ C 0‬‬

‫‪b o=-0.639‬‬ ‫‪b1=2.4056*10-6‬‬ ‫‪b 2=1.11096*10-12‬‬

‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪Nf‬‬ ‫‪σ‬‬ ‫‪da/dN‬‬ ‫‪∆k‬‬
‫)‪(mm‬‬ ‫)‪(cycle‬‬ ‫)‪(N/mm2‬‬ ‫)‪(mm/cycle‬‬ ‫)‪(Mpa.m1/2‬‬
‫‪0.762‬‬ ‫‪5.60*103‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪2.343*10-6‬‬ ‫‪24.46‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪-6‬‬
‫‪1.04‬‬ ‫‪1.74*10‬‬ ‫‪450‬‬ ‫‪2.212*10‬‬ ‫‪25.72‬‬
‫‪1.44‬‬ ‫‪4.22*103‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪1.936*10-6‬‬ ‫‪26.90‬‬

‫‪1.62‬‬ ‫‪5.38*103‬‬ ‫‪380‬‬ ‫‪1.808*10-6‬‬ ‫‪27.11‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪av.(da/dN)=2.075*10-6‬‬ ‫‪av. ∆k =26.05‬‬

‫‪٢٧٦‬‬