Specific Speed

Definition of A Turbomachine
All those devices in which energy is
transferred either to, or from, a
continuously flowing fluid by the dynamic
action of one or more moving blade rows.

The word turbo or turbinis is of Latin
origin and implies that which spins or
whirls around.



Classification of Turbo-machines

Firstly, those which absorb power to
increase the fluid pressure or head (ducted
fans, compressors and pumps);

Secondly, those that produce power by
expanding fluid to a lower pressure or head
(hydraulic, steam and gas turbines).

Pump and Turbine
Pump: adds
energy to a fluid,
resulting in an
increase in
pressure across
the pump.
Turbine:
extracts energy
from the fluid,
resulting in a
decrease in
pressure across
the turbine.
Categories
Positive-displacement
Closed volume is used to squeeze or
suck fluid.
Pump: human heart
Turbine: home water meter
Dynamic machines
No closed volume. Instead, rotating
blades supply or extract energy.
Enclosed/Ducted Pumps: torpedo
propulsion
Open Pumps: propeller or helicopter
rotor
Enclosed Turbines: hydro turbine
Open Turbines: wind turbine

Pump Head
Net Head


Water horsepower

Brake horsepower

Pump efficiency
Turbomachines
Theory
conservation of angular momentum
conversion of kinetic energy to
potential energy in flow expansion
Pump components
rotating element - impeller
encloses the rotating element and seals
the pressurized liquid inside - casing or
housing
Pressure Developed by
Centrifugal Pumps
Centrifugal pumps accelerate a liquid
The maximum velocity reached is the
velocity of the periphery of the
impeller
The kinetic energy is converted into
potential energy as the fluid leaves the
pump
The potential energy developed is
approximately equal to the Velocity
head at the periphery of the impeller
A given pump with a given impeller
diameter and speed will raise a fluid to
a certain height regardless of the fluid
density
Centrifugal pumps
Centrifugal Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps
14
Centrifugal Pumps
Rotating and stationary components
Expt. Set-up
Impellers
Efficiency Vs Discharge
Discharge Vs Total Head