HUMAN GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

The human gastrointestinal tract (GI

tract), digestive tract, guts or gut is the
system of organs within humans that
takes in food, digests it to extract
energy and nutrients, and expels the
remaining matter
FUNCTIONS
Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Defecation
PHYSIOLOGICAL ANATOMY
GI tract is approximately 6.5 meters
(20 ft) long
Consists of the upper and lower GI
tracts
The tract may also be divided into
foregut, midgut, and hindgut, reflecting
the embryological origin
UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL
TRACT
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Duodenum (part of it)
Mouth contains the openings of the
salivary glands; the tongue; and the
teeth

Pharynx prevents food from entering
the voice box and leads to a hollow
muscular tube, the esophagus.

Peristalsis takes place, which is the
contraction of muscles to propel the
food down the esophagus to the
stomach and duodenum which
extends through the chest and pierces
the diaphragm to reach the stomach

LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
The lower gastrointestinal tract
comprises the most of the intestines
and the anus
INTESTINE
Small intestine
Large intestine
ANUS
SMALL INTESTINE
Duodenum - Here the digestive juices
from pancreas and liver mix together
Jejunum - It is the midsection of the
intestine, connecting Duodenum to
Ileum
Ileum It has villi, all soluble liquids
mix here with blood

LARGE INTESTINE
Cecum (vermiform appendix attached)
Colon
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid flexure
Rectum

ACCESSORY ORGANS
Accessory organs to the alimentary
canal include

Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
LIVER
secretes bile into the small intestine via
the bile duct, employing the gallbladder as
a reservoir

GALL BLADDER
Apart from storing and concentrating bile,
the gallbladder has no other specific
function
PANCREAS
The pancreas secretes an isosmotic fluid
containing bicarbonate, which helps
neutralize the acidic chyme, and several
enzymes, including trypsin, chymotrypsin,
lipase, and pancreatic amylase, as well as
nucleolytic enzymes (deoxyribonuclease
and ribonuclease), into the small intestine


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