Membrane physiology

Dr Sadia Amer
Primary active transport
of Ca

Ca pump

Inside cell their conc is 10,000

times less than ECF.

Achieved by two primary active

transport calcium pumps.

One is in CM and pumps Ca to

outside o cell.

Other pumps Ca into one or more

o intracellular vesicular
or!anelles o the cell such as "#
o muscle cells and mitochondria
in cells.

In all these, carrier protein

penetrates membrane and
unctions as A$%ase en&yme.
Primary active transport
of Hydrogen ions

At ' places it is important()

1.*astric !lands o stomach
'.+ate distal tubules and cortical
collectin! ducts o ,idneys

%arietal cells in !astric !lands

Intercalated cells in late distal

tubules and cortical collectin!
ducts
Energetics of Primary
active transport

$he amount o ener!y re-uired to

transport a substance actively
throu!h a membrane is
determined by how much
substance is concentrated durin!
transport.

$he ener!y re-uired is

proportional to lo!arithm o the
de!ree that the substance is
concentrated e.pressed by
ollowin! ormula()
Ener!y/in calories per osmole0
11200lo!C
1
3C
'
Secondary active
transport

$ypes()

Co)transport)*lucose,aminoacids

Counter)transport)4a in
e.chan!e o Ca and 5

E.ample) 4a co)transport

*lucose and aminoacid co)

transport alon! with 4a
"odium co)transport o !lucose
and AA occurs esp in epithelial
cells o intestinal tract and renal
tubules o ,idneys to promote
absorption o them into blood.
Na counter transport of
Ca and H ions

4a) Ca counter transport occurs

throu!h all or almost all CM.

4a) 5 counter transport occurs in

pro.imal tubules o ,idneys.
Active transport through
cellular sheets

It occurs in()
10Intestinal epithelium
'0Epithelium o renal tubules
60Epithelium o all e.ocrine !lands
20Epithelium o *all bladder
70Membrane o choroid ple.es o brain