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LANGUAGE

DEVELOPMENT
What is language development ?
Language developmenL ls abouL
communlcaung.
lL lnvolves readlng, wrlung, drawlng and
slgnlng.
Language ls shared beLween people and
conslsLs of sounds, gesLures and symbols LhaL
have meanlng for Lhose uslng lL and allows Lhe
user Lo be creauve and expresslve.
LEARNING TO COMMUNICATE
Communlcauon ls Lhe process whereby
messages are exchanged beLween a sender
and recelver. Lecuve communlcauon occurs
when Lhe recelver and sender share a
common undersLandlng of Lhe codes used for
Lhe messages.
Forms of communication
Communlcauon may use languages and Lake
verbal forms such as speaklng, Lhe wrluen
word, slgn language (non-verbal).
urawlng, gesLures, faclal expresslons and body
movemenL.
How do Children communicate ?
!"#$%&'()&*+, - descrlbes Lhe sLage of
communlcauon before Lhe rules and words of
a language are used. 1hls ls common Lo all
language. 8ables all over Lhe world have Lhe
same 8A88LL" language
1hls suggesLs LhaL all humans have an lnsuncL
Lo communlcaLe. 8y one a baby wlll
undersLand whaL ls belng sald and wlll begln
Lo communlcaLe by polnung Lo ob[ecLs
From 12 months.
Chlldren sLarL Lo use words and enLer Lhe
%./01.23.4 *56(# .
1he llngulsuc sLage descrlbes Lhe communlcauon
uslng Lhe rules and words of a language.
Cen only Lhe careglvers undersLand whaL a chlld
ls saylng.
ln order for chlldren Lo learn language, Lhey need
Lo learn Lhe rules of Lhe language and Lhe
meanlngs of words. naLurally, Lhls ls a gradual
process LhaL has a sequence of dlsuncL sLages.
STAGES OF LANGUAGE
DEVELOPMENT
Chlldren progress from crles, responslve
nolses and smlles, Lhrough Lo conservauon
and sLoryLelllng.
(See Lable 2.4 ln LexL book-page 66-67)
Communication and language
conventions
Crammar- rules of language
Acuve LlsLenlng-showlng someone you have undersLood
Lhe message
Language use-8ecepuve and Lxpresslve learnlng
8eadlng and wrlung-LlLeracy
Slgn language-llnger spelllng for Lhe hearlng lmpalred
laclal Lxpresslons and CesLures-mode of communlcauon
wlLhouL language. Auusuc chlldren may noL comprehend
correcLly and seelng lmpalred chlldren are noL able Lo use
Lhls Lype of communlcauon. Pearlng lmpalred chlldren wlll
rely heavlly on Lhls form of communlcauon.
urawlngs- chlldren use Lhls Lo express Lhelr ldeas.
Factors Inuencing Language
Development
Whlle chlldren learn language skllls largely
Lhrough lmlLauon lL ls noL Lhe only lmporLanL
lnuence on language developmenL. A chlld
learns Lo speak as a resulL or "#&'78",#9#'5.
8elnforcemenL ls a reacuon LhaL occurs aer
response LhaL lncreases or decreases Lhe
response agaln.
REINFORCEMENT
A chlld makes nolses randomly buL when she
makes a good nolse LhaL resembles a word, Lhe
parenLs or oLher adulLs say good glrl" Lhus
relnforclng posluve behavlour. WlLh posluve
relnforcemenL Lhe acuon may be rewarded and
Lhen repeaLed.
CSl1lvL 8LlnlC8CLMLn1 - acuon may lmprove
nLCA1lvL 8LlnlC8MLn1- a decrease ln
lmprovemenL.
POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT
Other factors that inuence
language development
Soclo-economlc LnvlronmenL-llnanclal
background
CulLure-approprlaLe gesLures may be dlerenL
ln varlous culLures
Ceneucs- lemales on average are more well-
spoken Lhan males. Lvldence proves LhaL
lnLelllgence promoLes Lhe speed of language
developmenL ln chlldren.
MULTILINGUAL CHILDREN
Many chlldren ln AusLralla grow up ln homes where a
language oLher Lhan Lngllsh ls spoken, and so many
chlldren can speak more Lhan one language.
Chlldren you are able Lo speak Lwo languages are
blllngual, whereas Lhose who are able Lo use Lhree or
more languages are mulullngual.
8esearch suggesLs LhaL blllngual and mulullngual
chlldren develop cognluvely aL a fasLer raLe.
1hese chlldren Lend Lo be more creauve ln Lhelr
Lhlnklng, buL only when Lhelr home language ls valued
by Lhose around Lhem.
CHILDREN LEARNING
LANGUAGES
Chlldren who are learnlng more Lhan one
language Lend Lo be sllghLly slower ln learnlng
Lo Lalk and communlcaLe, because Lhey have
Lo absorb more Lhan one language sysLem.
ln a shorL ume Chlldren learnlng more Lhan
one language know whlch phrases Lo use wlLh
speakers of each language and move wlLh
ease beLween Lhe languages ln Lhe
approprlaLe slLuauon.
Supporting children with more
than one language
lf a young chlld can speak more Lhan one
language, lL ls noL unul 8 years of age LhaL
Lhey begln Lo undersLand LhaL more Lhan one
language ls belng used.
Supporung Lhe chlld's home language may
asslsL ln Lhe progress of Lhe chlld's language
developmenL.
WAYS TO HELP CHILDREN
8lllngual Chlldren may nd Lhe word or phrase
Lhey need Lo express Lhemselves, as Lhey can
Lhlnk of Lhe word only ln Lhe oLher language.
lor example, a chlld may wanL Lo Lell her parenLs
LhaL she played wlLh nger palnL aL school, buL
she knows Lhls word only ln Lngllsh. 1hls may
mean LhaL she wlll sLop Lalklng abouL whaL she
has done. 1o prevenL Lhls chlldcare cenLres,
preschools and schools lnvolve parenLs Lo be parL
of Lhe learnlng process and Lhey are also able Lo
share Lhelr language.

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