THE COUP DETAT AND THE DIVISION OF SPAIN

The military uprising started in Melilla and Ceuta on 17 July 1936,

and spread throughout Spain the following day.
It triumphed mostly in the rural areas and failed in the
urban, more industrialized areas. Subsequently Spain
was divided into two areas
REPUBLICAN SPAIN
REBEL OR
NATIONALSPAIN
AND THE MILITARY COUP
DEVELOPED INTO A LONG CIVIL WAR
SUPPORTERS AND OPPOSITION
INSIDE SPAIN OUTSIDE SPAIN
The conservative
sector of the army,
landowners,
members of the
upper-middle class,
monarchists,
Carlists and many
devout Catholics
The progressive
sector of the army,
peasants, members
of the lower-middle
class, republicans
and left-wing parties
The support of Nazi
Germany and
Fascist Italy
The support of
communist USSR
and the
International
Brigades
There was a Non-Intervention
agreement signed by a majority of
countries so that not foreign aid
would be given to either side.
However, the agreement was ignored
REBELS
REPUBLICANS
REBELS
REPUBLICANS
Made up of
volunteers from
many countries
There was a social revolution that
supported the collectivization of the
land and industry
THE SITUATION ON EACH SIDE
ON THE REPUBLICAN
SIDE
ON THE REBEL OR
NATIONALSPAIN
SIDE
The Basque Country was given a statute
of autonomy

There was also strong anti-clericalism,
significant social disorder

All the republican reforms were
retracted
Franco held all the civil and military
power and he united all the rebellious
factions under a single party
Repression was used to eliminate
opposition against the rebellion
JUNTAS DE OFENSIVA NACIONAL SINDICALISTA
THE GOVERNMENT WAS INITIALLY LED
BY THE SOCIALIST LARGO CABALLERO,
BUT WAS LATER PASSED TO THE PRO-
COMMUNIST JUAN NEGRN
Divison and
rivalry
between the
anarchists
and the
communists
weakened
380.000 PEOPLE DIED AND THERE WERE 350.000 POLITICAL EXILES
THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE WAR
THE WAR HAD IMPORTANT REPERCUSSIONS
THE TRIUMPH OF THE CONSERVATIVE SECTORS AND OF THE CHURCH THAT HAD SIDED
WITH THE NATIONALISTS, AND CULTURAL IMPOVERSIHMENT DUE TO THE EXILE OF
IMPORTANT INTELLECTUALS AND ARTISTS
THE DESTRUCTION OF FIELDS, INDUSTRIES, MEANS OF TRANSPORT, BUILDINGS, ART
WORK AND INFRASTRUCTURES
ABOVE ALL, THE NEW REGIME IMPOSED BY FRANCO
AFTER HIS VICTORY IN THE CIVIL WAR WAS A
DICTATORIAL SYSTEM THAT WOULD LAST FOR THE NEXT
40 YEARS
CHRONOLOGY OF THE CONFLICT
THE AFRICAN ARMY TOOK SEVILLE AND BADAJOZ; IT THEN TRAVELLED ALONG THE
TAGUS TO SEIZE THE REPUBLICAN STRONGHOLD OF TOLEDO AND TOOK UP
POSITIONS AROUND MADRID. MEANWHILE, IN NORTH-WEST SPAIN, THE REBELS
CAPTURED OVIEDO IN 1936
1936
CHRONOLOGY OF THE CONFLICT

The resistance encountered in Madrid obliged the rebels to diversify their objectives. In
the south they took Mlaga and in the north they conquered Bizkaia (bombing of
Guernica by the nazi force and the occupation of Bilbao).

But they failed and the rebels
were able to seize Santander
and Gijn, which meant that
important industrial and minig
areas were now under their
control
To force Franco to withdraw troops from the north, the Republican government launched
military offensives in Brunete (Madrid) and Belchilte (Zaragoza)
e
CHRONOLOGY OF THE CONFLICT
The war moved towards the Mediterranean, wher the rebels planned to divide the
Republican zone into two. After taking Teruel, which had been regained by the Republican
government in December 1937, the rebel army took Vinaroz (Castelln), leaving Catalonia
isolated, and headed towards Valencia.
But their advance was halted by
the Republican
counteroffensive at the Ebro at
the Ebro, which caused many
losses in both armies and in the
end it was resolved in capture
of favour of the rebels. They
then began the conquest of
Catalonia, with the capture of
Lleida
CHRONOLOGY OF THE CONFLICT
Francos troops gained complete control over Catalonia with the conquests of Barcelona
and Girona. Then, the rebels headed towards Madrid, which surrendered without the
resistence. After the capital, the other Republican zones fell, and on the 1 April Franco
signed the last military communiqu.
Ultimo parte de
guerra (0:48)
El desfile de la
victoria (10:00=