KEM

M Ratana

Homewor
H
rk No. 8
Ch7..1

Let thee system shhown in Figg. 7.10 havve the reliab

bility param
meters and the
t load po
oint
detail shown
s
in tabbles below.. Assume thhat an isolattor can be operated
o
in 0.5 hour. The
T
points t-z are plaaces at whhich the innstallation of
o additionnal componnents is being
wn in the caase studies given in tab
ble 7.17. Foor each casee, evaluate the
consideered as show
failure rate, outagee time and unavailabillity of each load point and the vallues of SAIIFI,
SAI and EE
ENS.
SAIDI,, CAIDI, AS

Table 7.17
case

Solidlinksat

i)
ii)
iii)
iv)

Isolattorsat

wz

tv
t
tz
tv
tv

Fusess
At
Ps


wz
1
wz
0.9

R
Reliabilityp
parametersforsystem
m
C
Comp.

Le
ength(km)

SSection
F1
F2
F3
F4
Distributor
a
b
c
d

Breakkers
At
Ps


u
1
u
0.95

Custome
erandLoadco
onnectedtot hesystem

(f/yr)

r(hours)

2
1
3
2

0.2
0.1
0.3
0.2

4
4
4
4

1
3
2
1

0.2
0.6
0.4
0.2

2
2
2
2

Load
point
A
B
C
D
Total:

No.Cusst.
1,000
0
800
700
500
0
3,000

Avgg.load
connected(kW)
5
5,000
4
4,000
3
3,000
2
2,000
14,000

Fig.7
7.10

Solu
ution:
The syystem considered as a radial diistribution system connsists of a set of serries
o system thhat requiredd the upstreeam
compponents. Thhe customerrs connected to each looad point of
compponents havve successfuully operate in order thee downstreaam get suppply.
Reliabiility indices use the app
proximate equation
e
bellow:

series i
Averaage unavaailability : U series i ri
Averaage failuree rate :

Averaage outagee time :

rseries

U series

series

i ri
i
1

KEM
M Ratana

f
rate, outage tim
me and unavailability off each load point and and
a
Construcct table of failure
the vvalues of SA
AIFI, SAIDII, CAIDI, ASAI
A
and AENS in each case:
-

Casee i )

m reliability indices
i
evalluation table
Distributtion system
Comp
p.
failurre
F1
F2
F3
F4
a
b
c
d

Totall:

(f/yr)
0.20
0.10
0.30
0.20
0.20
0.60
0.40
0.20

LoaadPointA
LoaadPointB
LoaadPointC
Lo
oadPointD
r(hours) U(hrs//yr) (f/yr) r(hours)
r
U(hrs//yr) (f/yr) r(hours)
r
U(hrs//yr) (f/yr) r(hours) U(hrss/yr)
4
0.80
0
0.20
4
0.80
0
0.20
4
0.80
0
0.20
4
0.8
80
0.5
0.05
5
0.10
4
0.40
0
0.10
4
0.40
0
0.10
4
0.4
40
0.5
0.15
5
0.30
0.5
0.15
5
0.30
4
1.20
0
0.30
4
1.20
4
0.8
0.5
0.10
0
0.20
0.5
0.10
0
0.20
0.5
0.10
0
0.20
80
2
0.40
0
0.20
2
0.40
0
0.20
2
0.40
0
0.20
2
0.4
40
0.5
0.30
0
0.60
2
1.20
0
0.60
2
1.20
0
0.60
2
1.20
2
0.8
0.5
0.20
0
0.40
0.5
0.20
0
0.40
2
0.80
0
0.40
80
0.5
0.10
0
0.20
0.5
0.10
0
0.20
0.5
0.10
0
0.20
2
0.4
40

2.20
i

0.95
rseries

2.10
0
irri

2.20
i

1.52
rseries

3.35
5
irri

2.20
i

2.27
rseries

5.00
0
iri

2.20
i

Totaal number off customer intterruptions

SA
SAIFI

i N i 2.211000+2.28
800+2.2700+2.2500

2.2 int./ccust.yr
1000 80
00 700 500
5
NT

SA
AIDI

Sum
m of customerr interruption
n durations

SA
SAIDI

U i N i 2.11000+3.35
800+5700+6500

3.76 hrs/cuust.yr
1000 8000 700 5000
NT

CA
CAIDI

Sum
m of customeer interruptio
on durations

C
CAIDI

SAIIDI 3.76

1.71 hrs/ccust.int.
SAIIFI
2.2

A
ASAI

Total
T
numberr of customerr served

Total
T
numberr of customerr served

Tottal number off customer innterruptions

Custtomer hours of
o available service
s
Customer hours
h
demandd

A
ASAI 1

6.00
iri

i N i
NT

SA
AIFI

2.73
rseries

U i Ni
NT

U i N i SAIDI

i NT SAIFI

N i 8760 U i N i
SAIDI
1
N i 87760
8760

SSAIDI
3.76
0.999571
1
9870
8760

EE
EENS Tottal energy noot supplied to load poinnt i LAveerage (i )U i
E
EENS 5000 2.1 40000 3.35 3000
3
5 20000 6 50
0.90 MWh/yyr
EE
EENS

LAverage ( i )U i
Total energgy not suppplied

Total number of customerr served

Ni
2

KEM Ratana

EENS

50,900
16.97 kWh/cust.yr
3, 000

Case ii )

Distribution system reliability indices evaluation table

Comp.
failure
F1
F2
F3
F4
a
b
c
d

(f/yr)
0.20
0.10
0.30
0.20
0.20
0.60
0.40
0.20

Total:

2.20
i

SAIFI=
SAIDI=
CAIDI=
ASAI=
EENS=
ASCI=

LoadPointA
LoadPointB
LoadPointC
LoadPointD
r(hours) U(hrs/yr) (f/yr) r(hours) U(hrs/yr) (f/yr) r(hours) U(hrs/yr) (f/yr) r(hours) U(hrs/yr)
4
0.80
0.20
4
0.80
0.20
4
0.80
0.20
4
0.80
0.5
0.05
0.10
4
0.40
0.10
4
0.40
0.10
4
0.40
0.5
0.15
0.30
0.5
0.15
0.30
4
1.20
0.30
4
1.20
0.5
0.10
0.20
0.5
0.10
0.20
0.5
0.10
0.20
4
0.80
2
0.40
0.20
0.5
0.10
0.20
0.5
0.10
0.20
0.5
0.10
0.5
0.30
0.60
2
1.20
0.60
0.5
0.30
0.60
0.5
0.30
0.5
0.20
0.40
0.5
0.20
0.40
2
0.80
0.40
0.5
0.20
0.5
0.10
0.20
0.5
0.10
0.20
0.5
0.10
0.20
2
0.40

0.95
rseries

2.20
3.10
1.41
0.9996461
42.50
14.17

2.10
iri

2.20
i

1.39
rseries

3.05
iri

2.20
i

1.73
rseries

3.80
iri

2.20
i

1.91
rseries

4.20
iri

Int./cust.yr
hrs/cust.yr
hrs/cust.int.
MWh/yr
kWh/cust.yr

Case iii ) fuses and breakers are 100% reliable

KEM Ratana

Distribution system reliability indices evaluation table

Comp.
failure
F1
F2
F3
F4
a
b
c
d

LoadPointA
LoadPointB
LoadPointC
LoadPointD
r(hours) U(hrs/yr) (f/yr) r(hours) U(hrs/yr) (f/yr) r(hours) U(hrs/yr) (f/yr) r(hours) U(hrs/yr)
4
0.80
0.20
4
0.80
0.20
4
0.80
0.20
4
0.80
0.5
0.05
0.10
4
0.40
0.10
4
0.40
0.10
4
0.40
0.30
4
1.20
0.30
4
1.20
0.20
0.5
0.10
0.20
4
0.80
0.20
2
0.40
0.60
2
1.20
0.40
2
0.80
0.20
2
0.40

(f/yr)
0.20
0.10

Total:

0.50
i

SAIFI=
SAIDI=
CAIDI=
ASAI=
EENS=
ASCI=

2.50
rseries

0.85
2.43
2.86
0.9997230
32.95
10.98

1.25
iri

0.90
i

2.67
rseries

2.40
iri

1.20
i

2.75
rseries

3.30
iri

1.00
i

3.60
rseries

3.60
iri

Int./cust.yr
hrs/cust.yr
hrs/cust.int.
MWh/yr
kWh/cust.yr

Case iv ) fuses and breakers are not 100% reliable

Note: When there is a fault on F3, the breaker is not work perfectly then there is some failure on
load A and load B. Therefore, F1, F2, a, and b will effected by breaker, which the failure rate
defined by (failure of each component & probability of breaker u) (conditional probability
should be applied). When there is failure at distributor c and d, then F1, F2, a, and b will
effected by fuse on c & d, then the failure depends on fuse & breaker probability. Within the
same case, fault on load C, then the F4 and d, are effected by fuse on load C in case of fuse is
not perfectly operated. The failure rate on F4 & d (c) , are depend on fuse.
Distribution system reliability indices evaluation table
Comp.
failure
F1
F2
F3
F4
a
b
c
d

Total:

(f/yr)
0.20
0.10
0.015
0.010
0.20
0.06
0.002
0.001

0.59
i

LoadPointA
LoadPointB
LoadPointC
LoadPointD
r(hours) U(hrs/yr) (f/yr) r(hours) U(hrs/yr) (f/yr) r(hours) U(hrs/yr) (f/yr) r(hours) U(hrs/yr)
4
0.80
0.20
4
0.80
0.20
4
0.80
0.20
4
0.80
0.5
0.05
0.10
4
0.40
0.10
4
0.40
0.10
4
0.40
0.5
0.01
0.015
0.5
0.01
0.30
4
1.20
0.30
4
1.20
0.5
0.00
0.010
0.5
0.00
0.20
0.5
0.10
0.20
4
0.80
2
0.40
0.02
0.5
0.01
0.02
0.5
0.01
0.02
0.5
0.01
0.5
0.03
0.60
2
1.20
0.06
0.5
0.03
0.06
0.5
0.03
0.5
0.001
0.002
0.5
0.001
0.40
2
0.80
0.040
0.5
0.02
0.5
0.0005
0.001
0.5
0.0005
0.020
0.5
0.01
0.20
2
0.40

2.20
rseries

1.29
iri

0.95
i

2.56
rseries

2.42
iri

1.30
i

2.58
rseries

3.35
iri

1.12
i

3.27
rseries

3.66
iri

KEM Ratana
SAIFI=
SAIDI=
CAIDI=
ASAI=
EENS=
ASCI=

0.939
2.469
2.630
0.9997181
33.533
11.178

int/cust.yr
hrs/cust.yr
hrs/cust.int

MWh/yr
kWh/cust.yr

Summary table for system reliability indices evaluation at each load point:
LoadPointA

Case

(f/yr)
2.20
2.20
0.50
0.59

i)
ii)
iii)
iv)

LoadPointB

r(hours) U(hrs/yr)
0.95
2.10
0.95
2.10
2.50
1.25
2.20
1.29

(f/yr)
2.20
2.20
0.90
0.95

LoadPointC

r(hours) U(hrs/yr)
1.52
3.35
1.39
3.05
2.67
2.40
2.56
2.42

(f/yr)
2.20
2.20
1.20
1.30

r(hours) U(hrs/yr)
2.27
5.00
1.73
3.80
2.75
3.30
2.58
3.35

LoadPointD
(f/yr)
2.20
2.20
1.00
1.12

r(hours) U(hrs/yr)
2.73
6.00
1.91
4.20
3.60
3.60
3.27
3.66

Summary table for system reliability indices evaluation for each case:
Case

SAIFI
int/cust.yr

SAIDI
hrs/cust.yr

CAIDI
hrs/cust.int

ASAI

EENS
MWh/yr

ASCI
kWh/cust.yr

i)

2.20

3.76

1.71

0.999571

50.896

16.97

ii)

2.20

3.10

1.41

0.999646

42.497

14.17

iii)

0.85

2.43

2.84

0.999723

32.947

10.98

iv)

0.939

2.469

2.630

0.999718

33.533

11.178

KEM
M Ratana

Evaluatte the failurre rate, averrage outagee duration annd annual outage
o
time of load poiints
L1 and L2 in Fig. 8.18.
a) Thhe busbars are
a assumed
d to be 100%
% reliable annd
i) without linne 4
ii) with line 4
b) Thhe busbars are
a not 100%
% reliable annd
i) without linne 4
ii) with line 4
The com
mponent reliability datta is shown in Table 8.15.

Ch8..1

Table8.15
Com
mponent

(f/yr)

r((hours)

L1
L2
L3
L4
B1
B2
B3

0.5
0.5
0.1
0.25
0.01
0.01
0.01

8
8
2
10
1
1
1

Fig. 8.18

Solu
ution:
Averagge failure rate
r :

parallel

Averagge outage time

t
:

rparallel

(1 2 ) 87760

r1 r2

f/yr ; (f/yr),
(
r (hrs)

r1 r2
hours
r1 r2

Averagge unavailaability : U system sysstem rsystem hrs/yr ( parallel

r
systeem)
Evaluatte total, r tottal , Utotal forr each load points
p
L1 & L2, in the following case:
c
a) i- Busbars
B
1000% reliable without
w
linee 4
Comp.
Failure
L1L2
L3
Total:

LoadPoiint1
i(f/yr) ri(hourrs) Ui(hrs/yr)
4.566E0
04
4.0
1.826EE03

4.57E0
04
4.0
1.83E03
total
rtotal
Utotaal

i(ff/yr)
4.566
6E04
0..1
0.1
10
tootal

LoadPoint2
ri(h
hours) Ui((hrs/yr)
4.0
4
0.0018
2.0
2
0.2000
2
2.01
2.0
02E01
rtotal

Utotal
t

i(ff/yr)
3.425
5E05

1.824
4E07
3.44E05
tootal

LoadPoint2
ri(h
hours)
1.67

2.86
6E+00
1.673
rtotal

a) ii- Busbars
B
1000% reliable without linne 4
LoadPoint1
Comp.
Failure
i(f/yrr) ri(hours)
L3L4

L1L2&LL3 3.128E08
1.33
L1L2&LL4 1.824E07
2.86
6
Total:
2.137E07
2.634
4

total
rtotal

Ui(hrss/yr)

4.170EE08
5.213EE07
5.63E07
Utotaal

Ui((hrs/yr)
5.708E05

5.213E07
5.7
76E05
Utotal

KEM Ratana

b) i- Busbars are not 100% reliable without line 4

Comp.
Failure
B1
B2
B3
L3
L1L2
Total:

i(f/yr)
1.00E03
1.00E03

4.57E04
2.46E03
total

LoadPoint1
ri(hours) Ui(hrs/yr)
1.0
1.00E03
1.0
1.00E03

4.0
1.826E03
1.56
3.83E03
rtotal
Utotal

i(f/yr)
1.00E03
1.00E03
1.00E03
1.00E01
4.57E04
0.103
total

LoadPoint2
ri(hours) Ui(hrs/yr)
1.0
0.0010
1.0
0.0010
1.0
0.0010
2.0
0.2000
4.0
0.0018
1.99
0.205
rtotal
Utotal

b) ii- Busbars are not 100% reliable without line 4

Comp.
Failure
B1
B2
B3
L3L4
L1L2&L3
L1L2&L4
Total:

LoadPoint1
i(f/yr) ri(hours) Ui(hrs/yr)
1.00E03
1.0
1.00E03
1.00E03
1.0
1.00E03

6.255E07
1.3
8.34E07

0.0020
1.00
0.0020
total

rtotal

Utotal

i(f/yr)
1.00E03

1.00E03
3.42E05

1.82E07
2.03E03
total

LoadPoint2
ri(hours) Ui(hrs/yr)
1.0
0.0010

1.0
0.0010
1.7
5.71E05

2.9
5.21E07
1.01
2.06E03
rtotal

Utotal