Timber and Steel Design

Lecture 4 -

Design of

Tension Members
< Selection of Sections
< Rods and Cables
< Sag Rods

Mongkol JIRAVACHARADET

SURANAREE

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Selection of Sections
T = 0.60 FyAg

min Ag =

T
0.60 Fy

T = 0.50 FuAe

min Ae =

T
0.50 Fu

min An =

min Ae
T
=
U
0.50 FuU

min Ag =

T
+
0.50 FuU

Slenderness ratio:
(tension members)

L
300
r

min r =

L
300

 4-1 W300 8 A36 100

22 ..()
Ag :
Load

min Ag =

T
100
=
= 66.7 cm 2
0.60Fy 0.60(2.5)

U = 0.90 W300 tw = 14 ..
min Ag =
min r =

100
+ 4(2.2 + 0.3)(1.4) = 69.6 cm 2
0.50(4.0)(0.90)

L
8(100)
=
= 2.67 cm
300
300

W30065.4 (Ag = 83.36 .2, d = 298 .., bf = 201 .,

tf = 14 ., ry = 4.77 .)
:

T = 0.60FyAg = 0.60(2.5)(83.36) = 125.0 > 100

OK

T = 0.50FuUAn U = 0.90 bf /d > 2/3

An = 83.36 4(2.5)(1.4) = 69.36 .2
T = 0.50(4.0)(0.90)(69.36) = 124.9 > 100

OK

L 8(100)
=
= 168 < 300
r
4.77

OK

Check Block Shear Strength:

From block shear path, Four blocks will

separate from the tension member (two

5cm 8cm 8cm

from each flange).

At = 4 x [5 0.5(db+0.3)] x tf

5 cm

At = 4 x (5 2.5/2)(1.4) = 21.0 cm2

5 cm

W300X65.4

Av = 4 x [5+8+8 2.5(db+0.3)] x tf
Av = 4 x (21 2.5(2.5))(1.4) = 82.6 cm2

Calculate block shear strength:

Tbs = 0.30FuAv + 0.50FuAt
Tbs = 0.30 x 4.0 x 82.6 + 0.50 x 4.0 x 21.0 = 141.1 tons

Summary of solution:
Member
Design load

W300x65.4
100 ton

Yield strength

125.0 ton

Ultimate strength

124.9 ton

Block shear strength

141.1 ton

Design strength = 124.9 tons (ultimate strength governs)

W300 x 65.4 is adequate for T = 100 tons and the given connection

Ans.

4-2 3 32
22 .. () A36 (Fy =
2,500 ../.2, Fu = 4,000 ../.2)
min Ag =

T
32
=
= 21.33 cm 2
0.60 Fy 0.60(2.5)

3, U = 0.85
min An =

min r =

T
32
=
= 18.82 cm2
0.50 FuU 0.50(4.0)(0.85)
L
3(100)
=
= 1.0 cm
300
300


(..)
9

25
.. (.2)
2.25

(.2)
21.07

10

2.50

21.32

12

3.00

21.82

13

3.25

22.07

150 x 100 x 9
(A=21.84, r=2.15)
120 x 120 x 10
(A=23.20, r=2.36)
100 x 100 x 12
(A=22.70, r=1.94)
125 x 75 x 13
(A=24.31, r=1.60)

L150 x 100 x 9 ..

4-3 BC 20
A36 2 19 ..
B

min Ag =

T
20
=
= 13.3 cm2
0.60Fy 0.60(2.5)

min r =

L
3(200)
=
= 2.0 cm
300
300

12 .. Ae U = 0.85
min An =

T
20
=
= 11.8 cm 2
0.50 FuU 0.50(4.0)(0.85)

min Ag = 11.8 + 2(1.9 + 0.3)(1.2) = 17.1 cm2

2L 75 75 12 .. (Ag = 33.4 .2, ry = 2.22 .)

Rods and Cables

Cable

AD =

T
0.33Fu
Anchor
socket

Steel plate
or washer

Open socket

Open socket connection

Weld

Cable

Structural
member

Sag Rod

Rod
Weld

4.1

Example 3.14 A threaded rod is to be used as a bracing member that must resist a
service tensile load of 3.6 tons. What size rod is required if A36 steel is used?
Solution:

Required area = AD =

T
3 .6
=
= 2.73 cm2
0.33Fu 0.33 4.0

d2
,
From AD =
4

Required d =

4(2.73 )
= 1.86 cm

Use a 19-mm-diameter threaded rod (AD = 2.84 cm2)

Ans.

To prevent damage during

construction, use rod min.
of 16 mm.

Cable-Stayed Bridges

Cable-Stayed Roofs

Manchester City Stadium

Lisbon Expo 1996 - and 1998

Olympic stadium roof - Munich

Strand & Wire rope

Wire

Strand

Wire rope

Low Relaxation Prestressed Concrete

Steel Strand (PC Strand)

Tension Members
In Roof Trusses
Truss

Bay

Sag rod

Bracing

Truss Members : - Truss

- Purlin

Truss

- Sag rod
- Bracing

Purlin

Pinned
Support

Roller
Support

Span

y
wy

w
wx

Truss
Tributary area for
design of rod ab
s/2
a

Sag rod

s/2

s/2

Purlin

T2

T2
T1

T1

Design of Sag Rod

3.16

C 200 24.6 purlins

1
3

12. 6

5m
4m

6 @ 4 m = 24 m
Truss

Sag rods

6m
Truss

6m

Truss

 4-5
6.0 A36 16 ..
80 ./.2 100 ./.2
:

= 80.00 ../.2

= (7 24.6 ) / 12.65

= 13.61 ../.2

= 100.00 ../.2

= 80 + 13.61 + 100

= 193.61 ../.2
W

T1 = (1/3.16)(193.61) = 61.27 ../.2

T1

3. 16
3

4m

W
T1

12.65 m

24 m
2m

:
T1 = 12.65(2.0)(61.27) = 1,550 ..

TTOP

T1

Details of sag rod

connections

T1

16 . ( AD = 2.01 .2 )

AD =

T
1.550
=
= 1.17 cm 2
0.33 Fu 0.33(4.0)

:
TTOP = (3.16/3)(1550) = 1633 ..
AD =

1.633
= 1.24 cm 2
0.33(4.0)