UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN

Answer Guideline for Chapter 3 Tutorial

Q1.
(i) Consider voltage source E1,
1510=6 ,
96=3. 6 ,
42
I T=
=1 .94 A
183 .6
U sing current divider,
9
9
I 1=
I T = 1 .94 =1 .17 A
96
15
15
15
I '=
I 1= 1 .17 =0 . 7A
1510
25

(ii) Consider voltage source E2,

9 || 18 = 6 ,
15 || 10 = 6 ,
24
IT =
= 2A
6 +6
Using current divider,
15
15
I ''=
IT =
(2) = 1.2A
15 +10
25
I10 = I ' + I ' ' = 0.7 +1.2 = 1.9A

Q2.
(i) Consider current source 2A,
2A

+ v01

2A
4
12

io 5
+ v01
5

Page 1 of 8

6||3 = 2 , 4||12 = 3
i0 = 5/5 = 1, v01 = 5 i01 = 5 V
(ii) Consider voltage source 12V,
6

12V

5
3

+ v02

5
+ v02
3

+
12

12V

v1

3||8 = 24/11, v1 = [(24/11)/(6 + 24/11)]12 = 16/5

v02 = (5/8) v1 = (5/8)(16/5) = 2 V
(iii) Consider current source 2A,
5
+ v03
6

12

19V

+ v03
12

+
v2

+
19V

7||12 = (84/19) , v2 = [(84/19)/(4 + 84/19)]19 = 9.975 V

v03 = (-5/7) v2 = -7.125 V
vo = v01 + v02 + v03 = 5 + 2 7.125 = -125 mV
Q3.
Using source transformations,
2

18 V

12 V

10 V

10

Page 2 of 8

2A

10

3A
5
2A
3A

3.333

3.333

Norton Equivalent Circuit

10 V
+

Thevenin Equivalent Circuit

Q4.

To find RTh,

2
6
b
(a)

18
2

18

1.8

18

2
1.8

1.8

RTh
b

b
(b)

(c)

R = 2||18 = 1.8 , RTh = (1.8 + 1.8) || 1.8 = 1.2

Page 3 of 8

To get VTh, apply mesh analysis,

2

6
12V

a
6

i3

12V

+
+

VTh

6
2

i1

i2

12V

(d)
Mesh1:
Mesh2:
Mesh3:

-12 12 + 14i1 6i2 6i3 = 0,

7 i1 3 i2 3i3 = 12

(1)

12 + 12 + 14 i2 6 i1 6 i3 = 0
-3 i1 + 7 i2 3 i3 = -12

(2)

14 i3 6 i1 6 i2 = 0
-3 i1 3 i2 + 7 i3 = 0

(3)

7 3 3 i1 12
3 7 3 i = 12

3 3 7 i 3 0
7
= 3
3

3
7
3

3
3 =100 ,
7

7 12
3
2 =3 12 3=120
3
0
7

i2 = /2 = -120/100 = -1.2 A
VTh = 12 + 2i2 = 9.6 V, and IN = VTh/RTh = 8 A

Page 4 of 8

Q5.
To find RTh,
3

RTh

4
V1

24V

2A

VTh
c

(a)

(b)

RTh = 5||(2 + 3 + 4) = 3.21

To get VTh, at the node V1,
V 124
V 0
2 1
=0
234
5
V Th=V 1=15 V
Q6.
To obtain RN,
6

6
Isc = IN

2A

4
1

(a)

+
12V

(b)

RN = 6 + 4 = 10
To obtain IN, use mesh analysis:
Mesh1:
i1 = 2 A
Mesh2:
10i2 4i1 + 12 = 0
IN = i2 = -0.4 A
i
IN = 0.4A

RN = 10

4A

(c)

i = [10/(10 + 5)] (4 0.4) = 2.4 A

Page 5 of 8

Q7.

12V

RTh

8V

20V

(a)

+
VTh

(b)

(a)

To obtain RTh and VTh

RTh = 2 + 4 + 6 = 12
i(12)-VTh + 12 + 8 + 20 = 0, or VTh = 40 V(because i = 0)

(b)

iL = VTh/(RTh + R) = 40/(12 + 8) = 2A

(c)

For maximum power transfer,

RL = RTh = 12

(d)

P = VTh2/(4RTh) = (40)2/(4x12) = 33.33 W.

(a)

For maximum power transfer,

To determine RTh,
RTh = 4 || 4 = 2 ohms
RL = RTh = 2 ohms

(b)

To determine VTh, through Superposition,

(i) Consider voltage source 24V,

Q8.

V Th '=24

RL = RTh

4
=12V
44

(ii) Consider current source 5A,

V Th ''=IR T =5 44=10V

V Th =V Th ' V Th ''=22 V
V 2Th
22 V 2
P=
=
=60 .5W
4R Th 4 2

Page 6 of 8

4 Q9.

32 V

(a)
1

RTh

a
3

VTh

RL

12 V
b

b
Source transformation: v = 8(4) = 32 V
Mesh: 8 i 32 12 = 0
i = 5.5 A

For VTh (Outer loop from b to a): VTh = 0 + 32 5(5.5) = 4.5 V or

(inner loop from b to a): VTh = 0 12 + 3(5.5) = 4.5 V
For RTh: RTh = (1+4) // 3 = 1.875
i L=

V Th
4. 5
=
=0 . 267 A
RTh R L 1. 87515

(b)
Turn off V source:

8A
4

ia

i L1

4
( 8) = 4.267 A
4 + [1 + ( 3 // 15) ]
3
( ia ) = 0.711 A
=
3 + 15

ia =

15

i L1

Turn off I source:

i L 2[(

12
= 1.778 A
3 + 1 + 4 ) // 15]
5
( ib ) = 0.444 A
=
5 + 15

ib =

15
12 V

iL2

i L=i L i L =0 . 267 A
1

(c)

ib

(i)

R L =RTh =1. 875

(ii)

2
V Th
P max =
=2 . 7 W
4RTh

RTh
VTh

RL

Page 7 of 8

Q10. (i)

For 10 V source:
2
V 01 =
10 =2 . 22 V
52 44
For 2 A source:
2
V 02 =
25 =2 . 22 V
52 44
For 5 V source:
2
5
V 03 =
=0. 55 V
2
52 44

V 0=V 01V 03 V 03 =3. 89 V

(ii)

For node V 1 :
V 1 10
V 1V 2
2
=0
5
2
7V15V 2=40
For node V 2 :
V 2V 1 V 2 0 V 2 5

=0
2
4
4
2V1 4V 2 =5
Using Cramers rule:
185
V 1=
=10 . 28
18
115
V 2 =
=6 . 39
18
V 0 =V 1 V 2 =3. 89 V

Page 8 of 8