E1 Structure and Traffic Mapping

E1 Basics
T-1 and E-1 are digital telephony schemes provided by communication
carriers that multiplex a number of digital voice channels onto a single, higher
speed line.
T1 has 24 channels with data rate of 1.544 Mbps.
E1 has 32 channels with data rate of 2.048 Mbps.
The T-1 or E-1 transmission path is bidirectional and transmits and receives
the digital information simultaneously.
E-1 is a multiplexing scheme used primarily in Europe and Asia that allows
30 individual voice channels to be carried on a common transmission
medium.
By converting analog voice signals to digital signals using pulse coded
modulation (PCM) and the multiplexing these signals onto a high speed
digital line, 30 separate phone calls can be transmitted simultaneously over a
single transmission path.

Basic TDM for E1

Here we use 32 voice channels
for E1 and thus the output of
the multiplexer will be the
frames with the rate 2.048
Mbps E1 line.
Continue
In each scan cycle, the E-1 multiplexer sequentially takes a byte of
information from each of the 30 channels and outputs this byte-
interleaved information as a serial bit stream in the E-1 span.
In the bit stream, the eight bits of information from each channel is
called a DS 0. For each scan cycle of the TDM, an 8-bit byte of
information from each of the 30 channels is placed in that channels
time slot.
The 30 voice channels (time slots 1-30) plus a time slot for channel
signaling( time slot 31) and a time slot for frame synchronization
(time slot 0) represent one frame of data on the E-1 line.
In addition to carrying digital voice signals, the E-1 line must also
convey signaling information for each of the TRX. The signaling
includes such information as off hook, on hook, busy, and dial pulses.
E1 Data Stream
Following is the E1 data stream which is the output from the Time Division
Multiplexer.
It contains the information in the form Frames after scanning the 30
individual PCM (Pulse Code Modulated) signal from 30 different voice
channels .
First Frame will contain byte 1 from channel 0 to byte 1 from channel 31 and
so on.

E1 STRUCTURE
32 time slots in one E1.
Each one is 64 Kbps.
32 x 64 Kbps = 2.048 Mbps.
0th slot is used for framing purpose.
We divide each slot in four part (each
16 kbps).
So one TRX needs 2 time slot.
Each TRX and BTS needs its signaling
Bits generally mapped at the end.
For normal case we put TRX from 1 to
20th slot, from 21 to 26th slot is used
for giving Edge i.e. EDAP Pool and 27
to 31 timeslot is used for TRX and BTS
signaling.
Last 31st slot is used for BTS signaling
and management purpose
Framing in E1
Framing is necessary so any equipment receiving the E1 signal can synchronize
identify, and extract the individual channels.
2M transmission utilizes two main types of framing:
Frame Alignment Signal (FAS)
MultiFrame Alignment Signal (MFAS)
Timeslot 16 is used for the multiframe alignment and Channel Associated Signaling
(CAS).

Frame Alignment Signal (FAS)
For receiver to be able to identify each traffic channel in the E-1 frame, a frame
alignment signal (FAS) is transmitted in time slot 0 of every even frame using bits 2
through 8.
Bit 1 is used for the international bit.
The odd frames are used to carry national and international signaling as well as an
alarm indication for loss of frame alignment.
Bit 2 in the odd frame is set to a 1 to prevent the bit pattern in the odd frame from
duplicating the FAS in the even frames.
Traffic Mapping

Example of Traffic Mapping
DETAILS OF TRAFFIC MAPPING
From the traffic plan we can show how the time slot mapping of E1 channel
is done.
We can assign maximum 13 TRX to one E1 in normal mode.
In compress mode we can assign 15 TRX but lose 1 TCH in each TRX.
Here the traffic channel is allocated in time slot 2 and time slot 1 is given for
link management i.e. frame synchronization.
Number of TRX used here are 6 in 222 configuration in 3 sectors so the
numbers given are 1,2,5,6,9 and 10 i.e. first 2 TRX of all the sectors.
Time slot 27 and 28 is used for signaling of TRX as each TRX requires its
own signaling.
Time slot 31 used for BCF signaling, priority bits, MCB/LCB and Q1
management.
P1 indicates the priority for the site.

Continue
MCB/LCB is used for loop protection. MCB is the Master Control Bit indicates
whether or not the clock timing is based on master . LCB is the Loop Control Bit
indicates the possibility of loop topology in the network.
MCB = 1 indicates signaling is based on the master clock.
MCB = 0 indicates signaling is based on some other clock (internal).
LCB = 0 indicates there is no possibility of timing loop and so slave is synchronized
with master.
LCB = 1 indicates slave is not synchronized with master and so there is possibility of
timing loop.
Q1 is the master slave management protocol used to manage applicants PDH network
elements.

Example of Traffic Mapping with EDAP

Example of traffic mapping in case of multi drop
THANK YOU
Bhairavi Dave