The figure below gives the circuit diagram for the ATmega16 LCD Digital Clock.

Important Note: In order for our digital clock to work correctly the internal oscillator of the
ATMega16 AVR microcontroller must be enabled and set to 4MHz.
ATMega16 LCD Digital Clock Software

Below is the AVR C implementation of the entire code for the ATMega16 based LCD digital
clock. The code was implemented and built using AVR Studio 5. Be reminded that the internal
clock of the ATMega16 microcontroller should be enabled and programmed to operate at 4MHz
for the AVR C code to operate correctly. A video of the LCD digital clock in operation is
presented at the end of this page.

/*
* LCD-Digital-Clock.c
*
* Written in AVR Studio 5
* Compiler: AVR GNU C Compiler (GCC)
*
* Created: 12/22/2011 6:34:36 PM
* Author: AVR Tutorials
* Website: www.AVR-Tutorials.com
*/

#define F_CPU 4000000UL
#include <avr/delay.h>
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <avr/interrupt.h>

/*Global Variables Declarations*/
unsigned char hours = 0;
unsigned char minutes = 0;
unsigned char seconds = 0;
char time[] = "00:00:00";

/*LCD function declarations */
void LCD_send_command(unsigned char cmnd);
void LCD_send_data(unsigned char data);
void LCD_init();
void LCD_goto(unsigned char y, unsigned char x);
void LCD_print(char *string);
void LCD_update_time(void);

/*Timer Counter 1 Compare Match A Interrupt Service Routine/Interrupt
Handler*/
ISR(TIMER1_COMPA_vect);

#define LCD_DATA_PORT PORTB
#define LCD_DATA_DDR DDRB
#define LCD_DATA_PIN PINB

#define LCD_CNTRL_PORT PORTC
#define LCD_CNTRL_DDR DDRC
#define LCD_CNTRL_PIN PINC

#define LCD_RS_PIN 5
#define LCD_RW_PIN 6
#define LCD_ENABLE_PIN 7
#define SET_HOUR 3
#define SET_MINUTE 4

int main(void)
{
unsigned char i;

LCD_init();
LCD_goto(1,2);
LCD_print("AVR-Tutorials");
LCD_goto(2,4);
LCD_print(time);

LCD_CNTRL_PORT = (1<<SET_HOUR | 1<<SET_MINUTE);

TCCR1B = (1<<CS12|1<<WGM12);
OCR1A = 15625-1;
TIMSK = 1<<OCIE1A;
sei();

while(1)
{
if(!(LCD_CNTRL_PIN & (1<<SET_HOUR)))
{
hours++;
if(hours > 23)
hours = 0;
}
if(!(LCD_CNTRL_PIN & (1<<SET_MINUTE)))
{
minutes++;
if(minutes > 59)
minutes = 0;
}
_delay_ms(250);
}
}

/* This function sends a command 'cmnd' to the LCD module*/
void LCD_send_command(unsigned char cmnd)
{
LCD_DATA_PORT = cmnd;
LCD_CNTRL_PORT &= ~(1<<LCD_RW_PIN);
LCD_CNTRL_PORT &= ~(1<<LCD_RS_PIN);

LCD_CNTRL_PORT |= (1<<LCD_ENABLE_PIN);
_delay_us(2);
LCD_CNTRL_PORT &= ~(1<<LCD_ENABLE_PIN);
_delay_us(100);
}

/* This function sends the data 'data' to the LCD module*/
void LCD_send_data(unsigned char data)
{
LCD_DATA_PORT = data;
LCD_CNTRL_PORT &= ~(1<<LCD_RW_PIN);
LCD_CNTRL_PORT |= (1<<LCD_RS_PIN);

LCD_CNTRL_PORT |= (1<<LCD_ENABLE_PIN);
_delay_us(2);
LCD_CNTRL_PORT &= ~(1<<LCD_ENABLE_PIN);
_delay_us(100);
}

void LCD_init()
{
LCD_CNTRL_DDR = 0xFF;
LCD_CNTRL_PORT = 0x00;
LCD_DATA_DDR = 0xFF;
LCD_DATA_PORT = 0x00;

_delay_ms(10);
LCD_send_command(0x38);
LCD_send_command(0x0C);
LCD_send_command(0x01);
_delay_ms(10);
LCD_send_command(0x06);
}

/* This function moves the cursor the line y column x on the LCD module*/
void LCD_goto(unsigned char y, unsigned char x)
{
unsigned char firstAddress[] = {0x80,0xC0,0x94,0xD4};

LCD_send_command(firstAddress[y-1] + x-1);
_delay_ms(10);
}

void LCD_print(char *string)
{
unsigned char i;

while(string[i]!=0)
{
LCD_send_data(string[i]);
i++;
}
}
void LCD_update_time()
{
unsigned char temp;

LCD_goto(2,4);

itoa(hours/10,temp,10);
LCD_print(temp);
itoa(hours%10,temp,10);
LCD_print(temp);
LCD_print(":");

itoa(minutes/10,temp,10);
LCD_print(temp);
itoa((minutes%10),temp,10);
LCD_print(temp);
LCD_print(":");

itoa(seconds/10,temp,10);
LCD_print(temp);
itoa(seconds%10,temp,10);
LCD_print(temp);
}
/*Timer Counter 1 Compare Match A Interrupt Service Routine/Interrupt
Handler*/
ISR(TIMER1_COMPA_vect)
{
seconds++;

if(seconds == 60)
{
seconds = 0;
minutes++;
}
if(minutes == 60)
{
minutes = 0;
hours++;
}
if(hours > 23)
hours = 0;

LCD_update_time();
}