English tenses

Manual

By: Anallely vela gasca

1

Index

Past Tense __________________________________ 2
Past Simple _________________________________ 2
Past Continuous ______________________________ 3
Past Perfect _________________________________ 4
Past Perfect Continuous ________________________ 5
Present Tense _______________________________ 6
Present Simple _______________________________ 6
Present Continuous ___________________________ 7
Present Perfect_______________________________ 8
Present Perfect Continuous _____________________ 9
Future Tense ________________________________ 10
Future Simple ________________________________ 10
Future Continuous ____________________________ 11
Future Perfect________________________________ 12
Future Perfect Continuous ______________________ 13

2
Past simple
Form
Subject + Verb (past form)

Example

Use
Events in the past that are now finished
Situation in the past
A series of actions in the past

3
Past continuous
Form
Subject + WAS/WERE + Verb (continuous form)
Example

Use
Duration in the past
Interrupted actions in progress
Actions in progress at the same time in the past
Irritation
Polite question

4
Past Perfect
Form
Subject + HAD + Verb (past participle form)
Example

I had bought a new car. Yo haba comprado un nuevo auto.
You had cleaned the house. T habas limpiado la casa.
He had brought the gifts. l haba trado los regalos.
Use
Completed action before another action in the past
Third conditional sentences
Reported speech
Dissatisfaction with the past

5
Past Perfect continuous
Form
Afirmativo
Sujeto + had + been + verbo en forma -ing+ ...
Negativo
Forma larga Sujeto + had + not + been + v. en forma -ing + ...
Forma corta Sujeto + hadn't + been + v. en forma -ing + ...
Interrogativo
Afirmativo
Had + sujeto + been + verbo en forma -ing
Negativo
Had + sujeto + not + been + verbo en forma -ing
Hadn't + sujeto + been + verbo en forma -ing
Example
He had been repairing the car before they went.
l haba estado reparando el coche antes de que ellos se fueran.
She had cried when I found her.
Haba llorado cuando la encontr (accin finalizada).
Use
Duration of a past action up to a certain point in the past
Showing cause of an action or situation
Third conditional sentences
Reported speech

6
Present simple
Form
Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas)
Estructura Sujeto + verbo principal.
Negative Sentences (Frases negativas)
Estructura Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to do") + auxiliar negativo ("not") + verbo
principal.
Interrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas)
Estructura Verbo auxiliar ("to do") + sujeto + verbo principal

Example
They learn.
He does not eat.
Do they learn?
Use
Facts, generalizations and universal truths
Habits and routines
Permanent situations
Events that are certain to happen
Arrangements that we can't change (e.g. timetables, official meetings)
State verbs (e.g. be, have, suppose, know)
Narrations, instructions or commentaries

7
Present continuous
Form
1.Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas)
Estructura Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to be") + gerundio ("-ing").
2.Negative Sentences (Frases negativas)
Estructura Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to be") + auxiliar negativo ("not") + gerundio
("-ing").
3.Interrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas)
Verbo auxiliar ("to be") + sujeto + gerundio ("-ing")?
Example
Are you talking?
I'm not talking.
I'm talking

Use
Present actions
Temporary actions
Longer actions in progress
Future (personal) arrangements and plans
Tendencies and trends
Irritation

8
Present Perfect
Form
Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas)
Estructura Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to have") +
participio pasado...
Negative Sentences (Frases negativas)
Estructura Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to have") + "not" + participio pasado...
Interrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas)
Estructura Verbo auxiliar ("to have") + sujeto + participio pasado...?
Example
She's gone to work.
We haven't been to London.
Have you been to London?
Use
Actions which happened at an indefinite (unknown) time before
now
Actions in the past which have an effect on the present moment
Actions which began in the past and continue in the present


9
Present Perfect continuous
Form
Subject + HAS/HAVE + BEEN + Verb (continuous form)
Example
I have been working as a teacher for 30 years.
What have you been doing?
Use
Actions that started in the past and continue in the present
Actions that have recently stopped
Temporary actions and situations


10
Future simple
Form
Futuro con shall y will
Example
It will snow tomorrow. Maana nevar (prediccin).
She will like our present. Le gustar nuestro regalo (suposicin).
We are going to go to the beach tomorrow. Vamos a ir a la playa maana.
Use
USE 1 "Will" to Express a Voluntary Action
USE 2 "Will" to Express a Promise
USE 3 "Be going to" to Express a Plan

11
Future continuous
Form
1.Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas)
Estructura 1 Sujeto + "will be" + gerundio...
Estructura 2 Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to be") + "going to be" + gerundio...
2.Negative Sentences (Frases negativas)
Estructura 1 Sujeto + "will" + "not" + "be" + gerundio....
Estructura 2 Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to be") + "not" + "going to be" + gerundio...
3.Interrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas)
Estructura 1 Verbo auxiliar "will" + sujeto + "be"+ gerundio...?
Estructura 2 Verbo auxiliar ("to be") + sujeto + "going to be" + gerundio...?

Example
Will you be talking? Are you going to be talking?
I won't be talking. I'm not going to be talking.
I will be talking. I'm going to be talking.

Use
1) An action will be in progress at a certain time in the future.
This action has begun before the certain time.

2) Something happens because it normally happens.


12

Future perfect
Form
Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas)
Estructura 1 Sujeto + "will have" + verbo principal...
Estructura 2 Sujeto + verbos auxiliar ("to be") + "going to have" + verbo
principal...
Negative Sentences (Frases negativas)
Estructura Sujeto + "will" + "not" + "have" + verbo principal...
Estructura Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to be") + "not" + "going to have" + verbo
principal...
Interrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas)
Estructura "Will" + sujeto + "have" + verbo principal...?
Estructura Verbo auxiliar ("to be") + sujeto + "going to have" + verbo
principal...?
Example
Will the party have ended before you finish work?
They party won't have ended by the time you finish work.
The party will have ended by the time you finish work.

Use
sth. will already have happened before a certain
time in the future

13
Future perfect continuous
Form
Afirmativo
Sujeto + will + have + been + verbo en forma -ing + ...
Negativo
Forma larga Sujeto + shall/will + not + have + been + verbo en forma -ing + ...
Forma corta Sujeto + shant/won't + have + been + verbo en forma -ing + ...
Interrogativo Afirmativo
Shall/Will + sujeto + have + been + verbo en forma -ing + ... ?
Negativo
Forma larga Shall/Will + sujeto + not + have + been + verbo en forma -ing + ...?
Forma corta Shant/Won't + sujeto + have + been + verbo en forma -ing + ...?
Example
Shall/Will I have been working?
Shall/Will I not have been working?
Youll not have been studying hard.
You'll have been driving over 24 hours
Use
indicates a continuous action that will be completed at some point in
the future. This tense is formed with the modal "WILL" plus the
modal "HAVE" plus "BEEN" plus the present participle of the verb
(with an -ing ending): "Next Thursday, I will have been working on
this project for three years."