PERHITUNGAN NERACA PANAS

Basis : 1 jam operasi

T referensi : 25C + 273 K = 298 K
Satuan : KJ
Data Cp liquid (KJ/Kmol K)
Cp = a + bT + cT2 + dT3
Komponen
H2O
H2SO4
PANAS MASUK
Tmasuk =
Tref =
Komponen
Sukrosa (C12H22O11)
Glukosa (C6H12O6)
Fruktosa (C6H12O6)
H2O
H2SO4

PANAS KELUAR
Tkeluar=
Tref =
Komponen
Sukrosa (C12H22O11)
Glukosa (C6H12O6)
Fruktosa (C6H12O6)
H2O
H2SO4

b
19.0148
26.004

0.4721
0.70337

30 C +
25 C +
Cp (kj/kmoloK)
226.620
207.108
203.869

273
273
Cp dt
1133.100
1035.540
1019.345
378.244
700.975
TOTAL

75 C +
25 C +
Cp (kj/kmoloK)
226.620
207.108
203.869

c
-0.0013388
-0.0013856

Massa (kg/jam)
46077.891
17075.089
19820.356
24636.407
115963.876

273
273
Cp Dt
11331.000
10355.400
10193.45
3805.072038
7163.136
TOTAL

Massa (kg/jam)
2303.895
60849.086
19820.356
24636.407
115963.876

Menentukan panas reaksi (Hr)

Hf komponen pada temperatur 25oC
Komponen
Hf (KJ/Kmol)
Sukrosa
-2222.08
Glukosa
-11096386.4
Asam Laktat
-6.21
Kalsium Hidroksida
-986090
H2SO4
-907510
H2O
-241835.2
CaSO4
-1432700
Kalsium Laktat
-1686100
Reaksi
C12H22O11 +
H2O
H reaktan = m.Cp.t
Komponen
C12H22O11
H2O
TOTAL
Hf reaktan = m.Hof
Reaktan
C12H22O11
H2O
TOTAL
Hf produk = m.Hof
Produk
C6H12O6
TOTAL

2 C6H12O6

kg

faktor pengali
kg sebenarnya
369.930
118.330
43773.997
19.470
2303.895

kg

faktor pengali
kg sebenarnya
369.930
118.330
43773.970
19.470
2303.895

kg
389.400

faktor pengali
kg sebenarnya
118.330
46077.884

Hr298= Hf produk - Hf reaktan

-1419987606.644 kj/jam

H produk =m.Cp.t
Komponen

kg

faktor pengali

kg sebenarnya

C6H12O6

389.400

118.330

46077.884

TOTAL

HRT = H reaktan+ Hr 298 + Hproduk

kj/jam
-1419274074.529
Hin + HRT = Hout + Q
Q= Hin + HRT - Hout
Q=
Qloss =

Beban pendingin
Qloss
TOTAL
SELISIH

1402600832.089
5% x Q Pemanas kj/jam
70130041.604 kj/jam
1332470790.485

Beban pendingin =
Komponen
Panas masuk
Panas keluar

eksoterm
kj/jam

masuk
keluar
1710304.7842
18383547.2240
HRT 1419274074.5290
1332470790.4848
70130041.6045
1420984379.3132 1420984379.3132
0

Menghitung Kebutuhan air pendingin

Q(beban pendingin)=

1332470790.485

Suhu air pendingin masuk =

Suhu air pendingin Keluar =
Densitas air=

Kebutuhan air pendingin

m=

Laju volumetrik =

30 C
40 C
998 kg/m3 =

Q
x BM air
Cp Dt

m
densitas air

= 1332470790.485 kj/jam
758.163
31635004.130 kg/jam
31698400.932 liter/jam

273
273
0.998

d
1.31424E-06
0.00000103

K=
K=

303 K
298 K
Mr

n (kmol/jam)
342
180
180
18
98

K=
K=

134.731
94.862
110.113
1368.689
1183.305

Qmasuk
152663.329
98232.988
112243.229
517698.186
829467.053
1710304.784

Tref (K)

Tmasuk (K)

298

303

Tref (K)

Tkeluar (K)

298

348

348 K
298 K
Mr

n (kmol/jam)
342
180
180
18
98

6.737
338.050
110.113
1368.689
1183.305

Qmasuk
76331.664
3500647.899
1122432.286
5207961.326
8476174.048
18383547.224

n sebenarnya n (kmol)
127.994
127.994

Cp (kj/kmol)
Cp Dt
Qm (kj/jam)
Tref
1.082
226.62
-11331.000 -1450301.624
298
1.082
-3805.072
-487026.931
-1937328.555

n sebenarnya n kmol
127.994
127.994

1.082
1.082

Hf reaktan
-2222.080
-284413.048
-11096386.400 -1420272457.459
-1420556870.507

n sebenarnya n (kmol)
255.9882447

2.163

Hof
Hf produk
-11096386.4 -2840544477.151
-2840544477.151

n sebenarnya n (kmol)

Hof

Cp (kj/kmol)

Cp Dt

Qm (kj/jam)

Tref

255.988

K
K
kg/liter

2.163

303
313

207.108

10355.400

2650860.669
2650860.669

298

Treaktor
348

Treaktor

348.000

Panas Masuk (H Liquid) :

H Liquid =
T in
n
CpdT

T ref

Tin =
Tref =

75 C + 273 K =
25 C + 273 K =

Data Cp liquid (KJ/Kmol K)

Cp = a + bT + cT2 + dT3
Komponen
a
H2O
H2SO4

Komponen
Sukrosa
Glukosa
Fruktosa
H2O
H2SO4

348 K
298 K

b
19.0148
26.004

n (Kmol/jam)
134.731
94.862
110.113
1368.689
1183.305

0.4721
0.70337

Massa (kg/jam) Mr
46077.89114
17075.08909
19820.35636
24636.40713
115963.876
TOTAL

c
-0.0013388
-0.0013856

d
1.31424E-06
0.00000103

Cp (kj/kmolK)
226.62
342
180
207.108
180
203.869
18
98

Panas Keluar (H Liquid) :

T in
CpdT
T ref

HD =

Tout =
Tref

30 C + 273 K =
25 C + 273 K

Komponen
Sukrosa
Glukosa
Fruktosa
H2O
H2SO4

n (Kmol/jam)

303 K
298 K

6.737
338.050
110.113
1368.689
1183.305

Massa (kg/jam) Mr
2303.895
60849.086
19820.356
24636.407
115963.876
TOTAL

Beban panas yang harus diserap=Qin-Qout

Q yang diserap =
15498424.400 kj/jam

Cp (kj/kmolK)
226.620
342
180
207.108
180
203.869
18
98

Qloss =

5% x Q yang diserap
774921.220 kj/jam

Q pendingin =

Q yang diserap - Q loss

14723503.180 kj/jam

Kebutuhan air pendingin

Pendingin masuk = 30 C =
Pendingin keluar = 40 C =

303 K
313 K

T out

CpdT

Q= n

T in
T out

H2O =

CpdT

T in

Komponen
H2O

Cp Dt(KJ/Kmol)
758.163

T in
303

M pendingin =

x BM H2O

out

CpdT
in

349559.696 KG/Jam

Panas
Hin
Hout
Q pendingin
Q loss
Total
SELISIH

NERACA PANAS COOLER

Masuk (KJ/Jam)
Keluar (KJ/Jam)
17315530.8241
1817106.4242
14723503.1799
774921.2200
17315530.8241 17315530.8241
0.0000

T out
313

CpdT(KJ/Kmol)Qin(KJ/jam)
Tin
11331.000 1526633.288
10355.400
982329.875
348
10193.450 1122432.286
3805.072 5207961.326
7163.136 8476174.048
17315530.824

T Ref

CpdT(KJ/Kmol)Qout (Kj/jam) Tout

1133.100
7633.166
1035.540
350064.790
303
1019.345
112243.229
378.244
517698.186
700.975
829467.053
1817106.424

T ref

298

298

T in =
30 C + 273 K =
Tout=
30 C + 273 K =
T ref
25 C + 273 K =
Tstandart =
25 C + 273 K =
Data Cp liquid (KJ/Kmol K)
Komponen
a
Malt Sprout
696.53307
Diammonium Posfat
228.191439
H2O
19.0148
Asam Laktat
99.362
Kalsium Hidroksida
-29.092
Kalsium Laktat
210.99
Data Cp gas (KJ/Kmol K)
Komponen
O2
N2

303
303
298
298
b

0.4721
0.75655
0.78856
1.5833

-0.0013388
-0.001996
-0.0019676
-0.0042359

-0.00000368
-0.0136

c
0.00001746
0.0000268

b
28.106
31.15

PANAS MASUK
Komponen
Glukosa (C6H12O6)
Fruktosa (C6H12O6)
Sukrosa (C12H22O11)
H2O
(CaOH)2
C3H6O3
Kalsium laktat
Malt sprout
Diamonium fosfat

Massa (kg)
11697314.373
19820.356
2303.895
485479.217
65660.995
248489.590
6912.642
1843.371
322.5899669

Lactobacillus delbreucki

461764.496

PANAS KELUAR
Komponen
Glukosa (C6H12O6)
Fruktosa (C6H12O6)
Sukrosa (C12H22O11)
H2O
Ca(OH)2
C3H6O3
Kalsium laktat
Malt sprout
Diamonium fosfat

Massa (kg)
11697314.373
19820.356
2303.895
485479.217
65660.995
248489.590
6912.642
1843.371
322.590

K
K
K
K

Mr (kg/kmol)
180
180
342
18
74
90
308.300
416.189
132.050
25.500
TOTAL

Mr (kg/kmol)
180
180
342
18
74
90
308.300
416.189
132.050

n (kmol)
64985.080
110.113
6.737
26971.068
887.311
2760.995
22.422
4.429
2.443
18108.412

n (kmol)
64985.080
110.113
6.737
26971.068
887.311
2760.995
22.422
4.429
2.443

Lactobacillus delbreucki

461764.496

25.500
TOTAL

18108.412

Menentukan panas reaksi (Hr)

Komponen
Hf (KJ/Kmol)
Glukosa
-11096386.4
Asam laktat
-6.21
Reaksi 2
C6H12O6

C3H6O3

H reaktan = m.Cp.t
Komponen
kg
C6H12O6

Hf reaktan = m.Hof
Reaktan
kg
C6H12O6

H produk =m.Cp.t
Komponen
C3H6O3

faktor pengali

kg sebenarnya
118.330
43773.997
TOTAL

faktor pengali

kg sebenarnya
118.330
43773.997
TOTAL

faktor pengali

kg sebenarnya
118.330
43773.997
TOTAL

faktor pengali

kg sebenarnya
118.330
43773.997
TOTAL

369.930

369.930

kg
369.930

Hf produk = m.Hof
Produk
kg
C3H6O3

369.930

H 298= Hf produk - Hf reaktan

2698514648.684
HRT = H reaktan+ Hr 298 + Hproduk
2698775659.862
Hin + Q = Hout + HRT
endoterm
Q = ( Hout + HRT )- Hin
2698775659.862 kj/jam
Qloss =

Beban pemanas =

5% x Q Pemanas
134938782.993 kj/jam
2833714442.855 kj/jam

Neraca panas di fermentor

Komponen
masuk
keluar
Panas masuk
81382567.8889
Panas keluar
HRT
Beban pemanas
2833714442.8550
Qloss
TOTAL
2915097010.7438
SELISIH
0
Kebutuhan steam (kg/jam)
T=
lamda =
Q=
S=

100 C
2256.0869 kj/kg

S x lamda
Q / lamda
1256030.715 kg/jam

81382567.8889
2698775659.8619
134938782.9931
2915097010.7438

(Smith,1987)

1.31424E-06
2.3739E-06
0.00000263
0.00000534
Data Cp Tetap (KJ/Kmol K)
Glukosa
Fruktosa
Sukrosa
lactobacillus

d
1.065E-08
1.169E-08

Cp (kj/kmolK)
207.1080
203.869
226.620

CpdT(KJ/Kmol)
1035.5400
1019.345
1133.100
378.244
507.810
1054.413
2245.861
3482.665
1140.957

Qm
67294649.585
112243.229
7633.166
10201638.120
450585.225
2911229.306
50356.247
15425.312
2787.288

3.711

18.556

336020.410
81382567.889

Cp (kj/kmolK)
207.108
203.869
226.620

CpdT(KJ/Kmol)
1035.540
1019.345
1133.100
378.244
507.810
1054.413
2245.861
3482.665
1140.957

Qm
67294649.585
112243.229
7633.166
10201638.120
450585.225
2911229.306
50356.247
15425.312
2787.288
0.000

207.108
203.869
226.62

Tref

Tin

298

303

Tref

Tout

298

303

3.711

n sebenarnya
n (kmol)
243.189
TOTAL

n sebenarnya
n kmol
243.189

18.556

336020.410
81382567.889

Cp (kj/kmol)
2.055

207.108

Hof
2.055

n sebenarnya
n (kmol)
486.378
TOTAL

n sebenarnya
n (kmol)
486.378

4.110

Hof

Qm (kj/jam)
-1035.540 -251831.802
-251831.802

Hf reaktan
-11096386.400 -2698517669.090
-2698517669.090

Cp (kj/kmol)

4.110

Cp Dt

Cp Dt

Qm (kj/jam)
1054.413
512842.980
512842.980

Hf produk
-6.210
-3020.406
-3020.406

Tstandar Treaktor
298.000 303.000

Tstandar Treaktor
298.000 303.000

Tin =
Tref =
Tout =

30 C + 273 K =
0C + 273 K =
30 C + 273 K =

Data Cp liquid (KJ/Kmol K)

Komponen
Malt Sprout
Diammonium Posfat
H2O
Asam Laktat
Data Cp gas (kj/Kmol K)
Komponen
O2
N2
Data Cp Tetap (KJ/Kmol K)
Glukosa
Fruktosa
Sukrosa

303 K
273 K
303 K

696.53307
228.191439
19.0148
99.362

0.4721
0.75655

-0.0013388
-0.001996

-0.00000368
-0.0136

c
0.00001746
0.0000268

b
28.106
31.15

207.108
203.869
226.62

PANAS MASUK
Komponen
Massa (kg)
L.delbreucki
H2O
C6H12O6
(NH4)2PO4
Malt sprout

1539214.985
10147733.421
11636465.287
43098.020
7542.153

25.500
18.000
180.000
132.056
416.890

n (kmol)
60361.372
563762.968
64647.029
326.362
18.091

O2
N2
C3H6O3

107745.049
2637896.026
204715.593

32.000
28.000
90.000

3367.033
94210.572
2274.618

1539214.985
10147733.421
11636465.287
43098.020
7542.153

25.500
18.000
180.000
132.056
416.890

n (kmol)
60361.372
563762.968
64647.029
326.362
18.091

107745.049

32.000

3367.033

Mr (kg/kmol)

TOTAL
PANAS KELUAR
Komponen
Massa (kg)
L.delbreucki
H2O
C6H12O6
(NH4)2PO4
Malt sprout
O2

Mr (kg/kmol)

N2
C3H6O3

2637896.026
204715.593

28.000
90.000

94210.572
2274.618

118.330

kg sebenarnya
204715.593

TOTAL
Menentukan panas reaksi (Hr)
Komponen
Hf (KJ/Kmol)
Glukosa
-11096386.4
Asam laktat
-6.21
Reaksi 2
C6H12O6

C3H6O3

H reaktan = m.Cp.t
Komponen
kg
C6H12O6
TOTAL
Hf reaktan = m.Hof
Reaktan
kg
C6H12O6

H produk =m.Cp.t
Komponen
kg
C3H6O3
TOTAL
Hf produk = m.Hof
Produk
kg
C3H6O3

faktor pengali
1730.033

faktor pengali
1730.033

faktor pengali
118.330

1730.033

faktor pengali
1730.033

H 298= Hf produk - Hf reaktan

12620004332.230 kj/jam
HRT = H reaktan+ Hr 298 + Hproduk
12621224989.749
Hin + Q = Hout + HRT
Q = ( Hout + HRT )- Hin

Qloss =

kg sebenarnya
118.330
204715.593
TOTAL

endoterm
12621224989.749 kj/jam

5% x Q Pemanas
631061249.487 kj/jam

kg sebenarnya
204715.593

kg sebenarnya
118.330
204715.593
TOTAL

Beban pemanas =

13252286239.237 kj/jam

Neraca panas di seed tank

Komponen
masuk
Panas masuk
Panas keluar
HRT
Beban pemanas
Qloss
TOTAL
SELISIH
Kebutuhan steam (kg/jam)
T=
lamda =
Q=
S=

keluar
18515036481.9755
18515036481.9755
12621224989.7494
13252286239.2369
31767322721.2124
0.000

100 C
2256.0869 kj/kg

S x lamda
Q / lamda
5874014.09 kg/jam

631061249.4875
31767322721.2124

(Smith,1987)

1.31424E-06
2.3739E-06

d
1.065E-08
1.169E-08

Cp (kj/kmol)
Cp Dt
Qmasuk
T in
3.711
301806.860
18217476125.795
378.244
213239826.699
207.108
1035.540
66944584.795
1140.957
372364.721
3482.665
63006.540
149.853
149.003
1054.413

504559.678
14037627.422
2398386.326
18515036481.976

Cp (kj/kmol)
Cp Dt
Qmasuk
T in
3.711
301806.860
18217476125.795
378.244
213239826.699
207.108
1035.540
66944584.795
1140.957
372364.721
3482.665
63006.540
149.853

303.000

504559.678

303

303

149.003
1054.413

n sebenarnya
n (kmol)
1137.309

9.611

n sebenarnya
n kmol
1137.309

9.611

14037627.422
2398386.326
18515036481.976

Cp (kj/kmol)

Cp Dt
207.108

-1035.540

-11096386.400

Hf reaktan
-12620018457.606
-12620018457.606

Hof

n sebenarnya
n (kmol)
Cp (kj/kmol)
2274.618
19.223

Cp Dt

n sebenarnya
n (kmol)
Hof
2274.618
19.223

Hf produk

1054.413

-6.210

-14125.376
-14125.376

Tref

298.000

Tref

298

298

Qm (kj/jam)
Tstandart Treaktor
-1177728.807
298
303
-1177728.807

Qm (kj/jam)
Tstandart Treaktor
2398386.326
298
303
2398386.326

Tin =
Tref =
Tout =

30 C +273 K =
25 C + 273 K =
70 C + 273 K =

Data Cp liquid (KJ/Kmol K)

Komponen
H2SO4
H2O
Asam Laktat
Kalsium Hidroksida
Kalsium Laktat
Gypsum
Data Cp Tetap (KJ/Kmol K)
Glukosa
Fruktosa
Sukrosa

PANAS MASUK
Komponen
Glukosa (C6H12O6)
Fruktosa (C6H12O6)
Sukrosa (C12H22O11)
H2O
Ca(OH)2
C3H6O3
Kalsium laktat
CaSO4
H2SO4

303 K
298 K
343 K

b
26.004
19.0148
99.362
-29.092
210.99
70.207

0.70337
0.4721
0.75655
0.78856
1.5833
0.98743

c
-0.0013856
-0.0013388
-0.001996
-0.0019676
-0.0042359

207.108
203.869
226.62

Massa (kg)
11697314.39
19820.356
2303.895
486527.152
65660.995
252525.305
6912.630
3052.335
2197.160

Mr (kg/kmol)

PANAS KELUAR
Komponen
Massa (kg)
Mr (kg/kmol)
Glukosa (C6H12O6)
11697314.394
Fruktosa (C6H12O6)
19820.356
Sukrosa (C12H22O11)
2303.895
H2O
486527.152
Ca(OH)2
65660.995
C3H6O3
252525.305
Kalsium laktat
6912.630
CaSO4
3052.335
H2SO4
2197.160

180
180
342
18
74
90
308
136
98
TOTAL

n (kmol)
64985.080
110.113
6.737
27029.286
887.311
2805.837
22.422
22.444
22.420

n (kmol)
180
64985.080
180
110.113
342
6.737
18
27029.286
74
887.311
90
2805.837
308.3
22.422
136
22.444
98
22.420
TOTAL

Menentukan panas reaksi (Hr)

Komponen
Hf (KJ/Kmol)
Glukosa
-11096386.4
Asam Laktat
-6.21
Kalsium Hidroksida
-986090
H2SO4
-907510
H2O
-241835.2
CaSO4
-1432700
Kalsium Laktat
-1686100
Reaksi 3

mula-mula
bereaksi
sisa

CH3CHOCOOCa + H2SO4
0.189
0.180
0.009

H reaktan = m.Cp.t
Komponen
kg
Kalsium laktat
Asam sulfat
TOTAL

0.189
0.180
0.009

Mr
55.440
17.640

Hf reaktan = m.Hof
Komponen
kg
Kalsium laktat
Asam sulfat
TOTAL

308.000
98.000

Mr

faktor pengali
308.000
118.330
98.000
118.330

Mr

faktor pengali
90.000
118.330
136.000
118.330

Mr

faktor pengali
90.000
118.330
136.000
118.330

55.440
17.640

H produk =m.Cp.t
Komponen
kg
Asam laktat
Gypsum
TOTAL

32.400
24.480

Hf produk = m.Hof
Produk
kg
Asam laktat
Gypsum

32.400
24.480
TOTAL

H 298= Hf produk - Hf reaktan

24726342.972

faktor pengali
118.330
118.330

HRT = H reaktan+ Hr 298 + Hproduk

24308038.344
Hin + Q = Hout + HRT

endoterm

Q = ( Hout + HRT )- Hin

674858203.542 kj/jam
Qloss =

0.05 x Q
33742910.177 kj/jam

Beban pemanas =

708601113.720 kj/jam

Neraca Panas di Tangki Acidifikasi

Komponen
masuk
keluar
Panas masuk
81154529.0166
Panas keluar
731704694.2155
HRT
24308038.3435
Beban pemanas
708601113.7196
Qloss
33742910.1771
TOTAL
789755642.7361
789755642.7361
SELISIH
0
Kebutuhan steam (kg/jam)
T=
lamda =
Q=
S=

100 C
2256.0869 kj/kg

S x lamda
Q / lamda
314084.14 kg/jam

(Smith,1987)

d
0.00000103
1.31424E-06
2.3739E-06
0.00000263
0.00000534

Cp (kj/kmolK)
207.108
203.869
226.62

CpdT(KJ/Kmol)
1035.540
1019.345
1133.100
378.244
507.810
1054.413
2245.861
1834.649
700.975

Qm
Tref (K)
67294649.711
112243.229
7633.166
10223658.942
298
450585.225
2958510.531
50356.161
41176.190
15715.861
81154529.017

Cp (kj/kmolK)
207.108
203.869
226.62

CpdT(KJ/Kmol)
9319.860
9174.105
10197.900
3422.497
4869.371
9675.367
20667.564
17400.524
6432.647

Qm
Tref (K)
605651847.395
1010189.058
68698.498
92507659.027
298
4320645.369
27147500.555
463403.267
390531.080
144219.967
731704694.215

2CH3CHOCOOH + CaSO4
0.379
0.360
0.019

kg sebenarnya
n sebenarnya
6560.194
2087.335

kg sebenarnya
n sebenarnya
6560.194
2087.335

kg sebenarnya
n sebenarnya
3833.880
2896.709

kg sebenarnya
n sebenarnya
3833.880
2896.709

0.189
0.180
0.009

n (kmol)
21.299
21.299

0.180
0.180

n (kmol)

Hof
0.180
-1686100.000
0.180
-907510.000

n (kmol)

Cp Dt (kj/kmol)
0.360
6435.661
0.180
105088.258

21.299
21.299

42.599
21.299

Hof

n (kmol)
42.599
21.299

Cp Dt (kj/kmol)
-20667.564
3711.707

0.360
0.180

-6.210
-1432700.000

Tmasuk (K)

303

Tkeluar (K)

343

Qm (kj/jam)
Tstandar Treaktor
-440205.3004
298
343
668.1024215
-439537.198

Hf reaktan
-35912803.682
-19329356.781
-55242160.463

Qm (kj/jam)
2316.821
18915.748
21232.569

Hf produk
-264.538
-30515552.953
-30515817.491

Tstandart Treaktor
298

343

Tin = 70 C
Tref = 25 C
Tout = 100 C

343 K
298 K
373 K

Data Cp liquid (KJ/Kmol K)

Komponen
H2SO4
H2O
Asam Laktat
Gypsum
Kalsium hidroksida

PANAS MASUK
Komponen
Glukosa (C6H12O6)
Fruktosa (C6H12O6)
Sukrosa (C12H22O11)
H2O
C3H6O3

b
26.004
19.0148
99.362
70.207
-29.092

Massa (kg)
11697314.373
19820.356
2303.895
486527.125
252525.253

c
-0.0013856
-0.0013388
-0.001996

0.70337
0.4721
0.75655
0.98743
0.78856

-0.0019676

Mr (kg/kmol)

PANAS KELUAR
Komponen
Massa (kg)
Mr (kg/kmol)
Glukosa (C6H12O6)
11697314.373
Fruktosa (C6H12O6)
19820.356
Sukrosa (C12H22O11)
2303.895
H2O
486527.125
C3H6O3
252525.253

180
180
342
18
90
TOTAL

n (kmol)
64985.080
110.113
6.737
27029.285
2805.836

n (kmol)
180
180
342
18
90
TOTAL

64985.080
110.113
6.737
27029.285
2805.836

d
0.00000103
1.31424E-06
2.3739E-06

Data Cp Tetap (KJ/Kmol K)

Glukosa
207.108
Fruktosa
203.869
Sukrosa
226.62

0.0000026

Cp (kj/kmolK)
207.108
203.869
226.620

CpdT(KJ/Kmol)
9319.860
9174.105
10197.900
3422.497
9675.367

Qm
Tref (K)
605651846.267
1010189.058
68698.498
298
92507653.866
27147494.943
726385882.631

Tmasuk (K)

Cp (kj/kmolK)
207.108
203.869
226.620

CpdT(KJ/Kmol)
15533.100
15290.175
16996.500
5724.907
16375.989

Qm
Tref (K)
1009419743.779
1683648.429
114497.497
298.000
154740136.489
45948340.367
1211906366.561

Tkeluar(K)

343

373.000

Tin =
Tref =
Tout =

100 C + 273 K =
25 C
121.8088496 C +

Data Cp liquid (KJ/Kmol K)

Komponen
H2SO4
H2O
Asam Laktat
Gypsum
Kalsium hidroksida

PANAS MASUK
Komponen
Glukosa (C6H12O6)
Fruktosa (C6H12O6)
Sukrosa (C12H22O11)
H2O
C3H6O3

373 K
298 K
273

b
26.004
19.0148
99.362
70.207
-29.092

0.70337
0.4721
0.75655
0.98743
0.78856

Massa (kg)
11697314.394
19820.356
2303.895
133802.087
252525.253

Mr (kg/kmol)
180.000
180.000
342.000
18.000
90.000
TOTAL

c
-0.0013856
-0.0013388
-0.001996
-0.0019676

n (kmol)
64985.080
110.113
6.737
7433.449
2805.836

PANAS KELUAR
Komponen
Massa (kg)
Mr (kg/kmol)
n (kmol)
Glukosa (C6H12O6)
11697314.394
180.000
64985.080
Fruktosa (C6H12O6)
19820.356
180.000
110.113
Sukrosa (C12H22O11)
2303.895
342.000
6.737
H2O
133802.087
18.000
7433.449
C3H6O3
252525.253
90.000
2805.836
TOTAL

K=

394.8088496

d
0.00000103
1.31424E-06
2.3739E-06
0.0000026

Cp (kj/kmolK)
207.108
203.869
226.620

CpdT(KJ/Kmol)
15533.100
15290.175
16996.500
5724.907
16375.989

Qm
Tref (K)
1009419745.658
1683648.429
114497.497
298.000
42555804.414
45948340.367
1099722036.365

Tmasuk (K)

Cp (kj/kmolK)
207.108
203.869
226.620

CpdT(KJ/Kmol)
25227.587
24833.048
27604.321
9292.061
26589.193

Qm
Tref (K)
1639416773.027
2734443.711
185957.445
273
69072061.245
74604918.266
1786014153.693

Tkeluar(K)

373

394.8088496

EVAPORATOR I
252525.253

486527.125

Menghitung titik didih larutan = (G/BM) x (1000xP) x Kb x i

5.998
Tb =
100.000 C +
105.998 C
Interpolasi
100, hs =
Hs =
106, hs =
Hs =
2676 - x =
2685,3- x =
(2676 - x) (0,002) =

x=
419,1 -x =
444,4 - x =
(419,1-x)(0,002) =

x=
Effect I
T1 =
Ts1 =
lamda S1 =

5.998

419.100
2,676.000
444.400
2,685.300
100 - 105,998
106 - 105,998
(2685,3 - x)(-5,998)
5.352 ditambah- 0,002x =
16111.118 samadengan
2,685.186

-16,105.766 ditambah 5,998x

6.000 x

100 - 105,998
106-105,998
(444,4-x)(-5,998)
0.8382 ditambah -0,002x =
2666.2392 samadengan
444.373

2,665.401 ditambah 5,998x

6.000 x

100.000 C
105.998 C
Hs1 - hs1
2,240.813 kj/kg

Panas Masuk =

Evaporator I =

726385882.631 kg/jam

Panas Keluar =

Evaporator I =

1211906366.561 kg/jam

S x lamda S1 =

Panas laten uap air=

Panas masuk + Q =
Q=

133,802.087 kg/jam
299,825,473.157 kj/jam
299,825,473.157 kj/jam

Panas keluar + panas latent uap air

785345957.086 kj/jam

Qloss =
Beban steam =
Komponen
Panas masuk
Panas keluar
Beban steam
Panas laten Air
Q losses
TOTAL
SELISIH
Menghitung kebutuhan steam :
Untuk steam (lamda) adalah =

39267297.854 kj/jam
824613254.940 kj/jam
Masuk
Keluar
726385882.631
1211906366.561
824613254.940
299825473.157
39267297.854
1550999137.572
1550999137.572
0.000

lamda =
Q=
S=

2,240.813 kj/kg
S x lamda
Q / lamda
367997.3322 kj/jam

EVAPORATOR II
Menghitung titik didih larutan = (G/BM) x (1000xP) x Kb x i
21.80884959
Tb=
100 C +
121.809 C
Interpolasi
120, Hs =
hs =
122, Hs =
hs =
2706,0-x =
2708,8-x
(2706,0-x)(0,191) =

252525.2525
21.80884959

2706
503.7
2708.8
512.2
120-121,809
0.191
122-121,809
-1.809
(2708,8-x)(-1,809)
516.846 ditambah -0,191x
samadengan
5417.065
2.000 x
x=
2708.5325

0.191
-1.809
-4900.219

503,7 - x =
512,2-x
(503,7-x)(0,191) =

Effect II
T2 =
Ts2 =
lamda S1 =

120-121,809
122-121,809
(512,2-x)(-1,809)
96.2067 ditmbah - 0,191x
sama dengan
1022.777
2.000
x=
511.38835

-926.570

100 C
121.809 C
Hs1 - hs1
2197.144 kj/kg

S x lamda S1 =

10353.733 kg/jam
22748643.671 kj/jam

Panas Masuk =

Evaporator II =

1099722036.365 kg/jam

Panas Keluar =

Evaporator II =

1786014153.693 kg/jam

Panas laten uap air=

22,748,643.671 kj/jam

Panas masuk + Q =
Q=
Qloss =

Panas keluar + panas latent uap air

709040761.000 kj/jam
35452038.050 kj/jam

Beban steam =
Neraca panas
Komponen
Panas masuk
Panas keluar
Beban steam
Panas laten Air
Q losses
TOTAL
SELISIH
Untuk steam (lamda) adalah =

744492799.050 kj/jam

Masuk
Keluar
1099722036.365
1786014153.693
744492799.050
22748643.671
35452038.050
1844214835.415
1844214835.415
0.000
lamda =
Q=
S=

2,197.144 kj/kg
S x lamda
Q / lamda
338845.6779 kj/jam

739052.377

-5.998
0.002

bah 5,998x

bah 5,998x

1938292249.192

2,240.813 kj/kg

(stream table, Smith)

133802.0867
C=

516.846
-4898.772
dtambah 1,809x

386327.3

ditmbh 1,809x

2197.144 kj/kg

Tin =
Tout =
Tref =

121.8088496 C
166.8499 C
25 C

Data Cp liquid (KJ/Kmol K)

Komponen
H2O
Asam Laktat

b
19.0148
99.362

Data Cp Tetap (KJ/Kmol K)

Glukosa
Fruktosa
Sukrosa

394.8088496
439.8499
298

c
0.4721
0.75655

-0.0013388
-0.001996

207.108
203.869
226.62

PANAS MASUK
Komponen

Massa (kg)

H2O
C3H6O3
Glukosa (C6H12O6)
Fruktosa (C6H12O6)
Sukrosa (C12H22O11)
TOTAL

Mr (kg/kmol)
133802.087
252525.253
11982317.609
19820.356
2303.895

n (kmol)

18.000
90.000
180.000
180.000
342.000

7433.449
2805.836
66568.431
110.113
6.737

PANAS KELUAR
Komponen

Massa (kg)

H2O
C3H6O3
Glukosa (C6H12O6)
Fruktosa (C6H12O6)
Sukrosa (C12H22O11)
TOTAL

Mr (kg/kmol)
133802.087
252525.253
11982317.609
19820.356
2303.895

18.000
90.000
180.000
180.000
342.000

678669390.108

Kj/Jam

Q pemanas =
Q pemanas =

Hout - Hin

Asumsi Q loss =
Asumsi Q loss =

5% x H pemanas
33933469.505

Q total =

Q pemanas + Qloss
712602859.613 KJ/Jam

Kebutuhan steam

n (kmol)

KJ/Jam

7433.449
2805.836
66568.431
110.113
6.737

Massa steam = Q Pemanas /

315857.8952 Kg/Jam

Panas
Panas Masuk
Panas Keluar
Q Total
Q Loss
Total
SELISIH

NERACA PANAS HEATER

Masuk (KJ/Jam)
Keluar (KJ/Jam)
48852.2860
133596.0655
712602859.6131
33933469.5054
712651711.8992
34067065.5709
678584646.328

K
K
K

d
1.31424E-06
2.3739E-06

Cp (kj/kmolK)

207.108
203.869
226.620

Cp (kj/kmolK)

207.108
203.869
226.620

CpdT(KJ/Kmol)
7410.905
21391.494
20049.887
19736.323
21938.821
48852.286

Qm
Tref (K)
55088584.236
60021027.172
298
1334689537.305
2173227.568
147791.612
1452120167.892

CpdT(KJ/Kmol)
10943.975
32209.020
29378.249
28918.797
32146.024
133596.065

Qm
Tref (K)
81351483.528
90373231.434
298
1955663952.106
3184338.151
216552.779
2130789558.000

Tin(K)

394.8088496

Tout(K)

439.8499

Persamaan antoine

catatan : Coulsoun edisi 6

Ant A
16.275
15.264
15.264
18.304
15.823

Komponen
C3H6O3
Glukosa
Fruktosa
H2O
Sukrosa
Data Titik Didih Larutan
Suhu
Komponen
C3H6O3
Sukrosa
Glukosa
Fruktosa
H2O

Ant B
3765.650
3242.040
3242.040
3816.440
3912.100

122.01
461.85
376.56
184.35
100

Suhu umpan masuk pada Bubble Pointnya

Suhu produk atas keluar pada Dew Pointnya
Suhu Bottom produk pada bubble pointnya
Tekanan
Kondisi dasar menara umpan (Trial bubble point feed)
Tekanan operasi
suhu
Komponen
H2O
C3H6O3
Glukosa
Fruktosa
Sukrosa
TOTAL

ln P

P
8.6103
5.7473
3.7977
3.7977
-0.7009
21.2521

5487.9660
313.3434
44.5983
44.5983
0.4961
5891.0021

Komponen
H2O
C3H6O3
Glukosa
Fruktosa
Sukrosa
TOTAL

(Kg/Jam)

BM
10353.7329
252525.2525
11697314.3737
19820.3564
2303.8946
11982317.6101

18
90
180
180
342
810.0000

Kondisi puncak menara (trial dew point)

Tekanan operasi
suhu
Komponen
H2O (LK)
C3H6O3 (HK)
TOTAL

ln P

Komponen
H2O (LK)
C3H6O3 (HK)
TOTAL

(Kg/Jam)

P
7.5308
4.4422
11.9730

1864.5796
84.9605
1949.5401
BM

9939.5836
242424.2424
252363.8260

18.0000
90.0000

Kondisi dasar menara (trial bubble point)

Tekanan operasi
suhu
Komponen
H2O
C3H6O3
Glukosa
Fruktosa
Sukrosa
TOTAL

ln P

Komponen

(Kg/Jam)

P
8.9742
9.2670
4.3884
4.3884
0.3057
9.0824

7896.7014
10582.6510
80.5087
80.5087
1.3575
18641.7273

BM

H2O
C3H6O3
Glukosa
Fruktosa
Sukrosa
TOTAL

414.1493
10101.0101
11697314.3737
19820.3564
2303.8946
11729953.7841

18
90
180
180
342

Menentukan refluk minimum

Trial harga teta () umpan masuk pada keadaan uap jenuh, dimana harga q = 1, sehingga jumlah (.x) / (-) = 0
=
0.7939
Komponen
H2O (LK)
C3H6O3 (HK)
Glukosa
Fruktosa
Sukrosa
TOTAL

= K/Khk

K=Po/P
54.1620
3.0925
0.4402
0.4402
0.0049
57.2545

Harga dimasukkan ke persamaan dew point top

Komponen
Ki

H2O (LK)
18.4020
C3H6O3 (HK)
0.8385
TOTAL
19.2405
Rm + 1 =

17.5142
1.0000
0.1423
0.1423
0.0016
18.8005

21.9464
1.0000
22.9464

(i.xid) / (i-)
4.2031
3.2031

Rm =

Untuk jenis pendingin air digunakan R/Rm =

1.5

R sebenarnya (R) =
R sebenarnya (R) =
KONDENSOR DISTILASI - 01 (CD-01)
Komponen

D (Kg/Jam)

D (Kmol/Kjam)

Komponen

D (Kg/Jam)

H2O
C3H6O3
Total

D (Kmol/Kjam)

9939.5836
242424.2424
252363.8260

552.1991
2693.6027
3245.8018

Panas Masuk H Vapor

H Vapor =

T in

CpdT

T ref

Data Cp liquid (KJ/Kmol K)

H2O
Asam Laktat
Tin =
Tref =

127.3960
25.0000

Komponen
H2O
C3H6O3
Total

n (Kmol/jam)

19.0148
99.362

0.4721
0.75655
C
C
CpdT(KJ/Kmol)

2320.9296
11321.3916
13642.3212

7844.9349
22698.0002
30542.9351

Panas Laten ( H laten) :

H laten =
nx
Komponen
n (Kmol/jam)
Hv (KJ/Kmol)
H2O
2320.9296
40683.0000
C3H6O3
11321.3916
2744.0200
Total
13642.3212
43427.0200
Data Hv air= Coulson vol 4 Hal 955
Data Hv asam laktat = http://id.scribd.com/doc/96144212/Bab-IV-Dan-Appendiks-B-Neraca-Panas
Panas Keluar (H distilat) :
HD =

T in
n CpdT
T ref

Data Cp liquid (KJ/Kmol K)

Komponen
a
H2O
Asam Laktat
Tin =
Tref =
Komponen

127.40
25.00

b
19.0148
99.362

C
C
n (Kmol/Jam) Cp(KJ/Kmol)

0.4721
0.75655

H2O
C3H6O3
Total

552.1991
2693.6027
3245.8018

7844.93488
22698.0002
30542.9351

Panas Keluar Liquid (H Liquid) :

HL = n T
in

CpdT
T ref

Data Cp liquid (KJ/Kmol K)

Komponen
a
H2O
Asam Laktat
Tin =
Tref =

127.40
25.00

Komponen
H2O
C3H6O3
Total

n (Kmol/jam)

b
19.0148
99.362

0.4721
0.75655

CpdT(KJ/Kmol)
1768.7305
8627.7889
10396.5194

7844.9349
22698.0002
30542.9351

H vapor + H laten = H kondensor + H distilat + H liquid

H kondensor = H vapor + H laten - H distilat - H liquid
H kondensor =
125488502.4917 KJ/Jam
Asumsi Q loss =
Asumsi Q loss =

5% x Kondensor
6274425.1246

Q pendingin =

H kondensor - Q loss
119214077.3671 KJ/Jam

KJ/Jam

Kebutuhan air pendingin kondensor :

Pendingin masuk =
30.0000 C
Pendingin keluar =
40.0000 C

T out

CpdT

Q= n

T in
T out

H2O =

CpdT

758.1625

T in

Data Cp liquid (KJ/Kmol K)

Komponen
a

H2O

Komponen
H2O

19.0148

Cp Dt(KJ/Kmol)

0.4721

T in
758.1625

303.0000

M pendingin =

x BM H2O

out

CpdT
in

2830334.3359 Kg/Jam

Panas
Hv
H laten
H distilat
H liquid
Q pendingin
Q loss
Total
SELISIH

NERACA PANAS KONDENSOR

Masuk (KJ/Jam)
Keluar (KJ/Jam)
275180490.9130
125488502.4917
65471360.4682
209709130.4448
119214077.3671
6274425.1246
400668993.4047

400668993.4047
0.0000

Reboiler Destilasi 01 (RB-01)

Komponen
Glukosa
Fruktosa
Sukrosa
H2O
C3H6O3
TOTAL

F(Kg/Jam)

D(Kg/Jam)
11411793.907
19336.560
2247.659
3443.062
242424.242
11679245.430

Panas umpan (Hfeed) :

Hfeed

T feed
T Ref
Data Cp liquid (KJ/Kmol K)

166.8499 C
25.0000 C

3305.340
232727.273
11679245.430

Komponen
H2O
Asam Laktat

a
19.0148
99.362

Data Cp Tetap (KJ/Kmol K)

Glukosa
Fruktosa
Sukrosa
Komponen
Glukosa
Fruktosa
Sukrosa
H2O
C3H6O3
Total

b
0.4721
0.75655

207.108
203.869
226.62

Feed(Kmol/Jam)
61353.7307
103.9600
6.5721
191.2812
2693.6027
64349.1467

Cp Dt(KJ/Kmol)
29378.2491
28918.7973
32146.0243
10943.9751
32209.0197
133596.0655

Panas Keluar (H distilat) :

HD =

T in
CpdT
T ref

Tin =
Tref =

127.40 C
25 C

Komponen
H2O
C3H6O3
Total

n (Kmol/Jam) Cp(KJ/Kmol)
552.1991
2693.6027
3245.8018

7844.9349
22698.0002
30542.9351

Panas Bottom Product (HB) :

Hb = n

T in

CpdT

T ref

Tb =
T ref =

Komponen
Glukosa
Fruktosa
Sukrosa
Total

182.207 C
25 C

n (Kmol/Jam)

Cp Dt(KJ/Kmol)
61353.7307
103.9600
6.5721

32558.7652
32049.5727
35626.1824

H feed + H reboiler = H kondensor + H distilat + H bottom

Panas reboiler = H kondensor + H distilat + H bottom - H feed
Panas reboiler =
291318636.3652
Kebutuhan steam (kg/jam)
T=
lamda =
Q=
S=

250 C
1714.7 kj/kg

S x lamda
Q / lamda
169894.8133 kg/jam

Panas
Panas Feed
Panas Reboiler
Panas Kondensor
Panas Distilat
Panas Bottom
Total
SELISIH

NERACA PANAS DISTILASI 01

Masuk (KJ/Jam)
1894534526.7423
291318636.3652

2185853163.1075
0.0000

Keluar (KJ/Jam)

119214077.3671
65471360.4682
2001167725.2722
2185853163.1075

Ant C
-82.150
-157.100
-157.100
-46.130
-203.100

coulson edisi 4
coulson edisi 4
coulson edisi 4
coulson edisi 4
coulson edisi 4

Vo

Suhu (K)
395.01
734.85
649.56
457.35
373

166.850
127.396
182.21
1

1 atm
166.8499 C
P.Xi
46.0949
12.8381
42.3203
0.0717
4.88047E-05
101.3251

C
C
C
atm

439.8499
400.396
455.2067
101.3250

sama dengan
sama dengan

101.3250
439.8499

n (Kmol)

Xi
575.2074
2805.8361
64985.0799
110.1131
6.7365
68482.9730

Po
0.0084
0.0410
0.9489
0.0016
0.0001
1.0000

5487.9660
313.3434
44.5983
44.5983
0.4961
5891.0021

1 atm
127.3960 C

Ki = Po/P
54.1620
3.0925
0.4402
0.4402
0.0049
58.1397

101.3250 Kpa
400.3960 K

P.Yi
317.2157
70.5064
387.7221
n (Kmol)

Yi
552.1991
2693.6027
3245.8018

Po
0.1701
0.8299
1.0000

1864.5796
84.9605
1949.5401

1 atm
182.2067 C

K = Po/P
18.4020
0.8385
19.2405

101.3250 Kpa
455.2067 K

P.Xi
2.7851
18.2063
80.1976
0.1359
0.0001
101.3250

n Kmol

Xi

Po

K = Po/P

23.0083
112.2334
64985.0799
110.1131
6.7365
65237.1712

0.0004
0.0017
0.9961
0.0017
0.0001
1.0000

9.257110449

ga q = 1, sehingga jumlah (.x) / (-) = 0

dimasukkan ke persamaan bubble point feed
(i.xf) / (i-)

Xf
0.0084
0.0410
0.9489
0.0016
0.0001
1.0000

0.0088
0.1988
-0.2073
-0.0003
-1.9621E-07
0.0000

(i.xid) / (i-)

Xd
0.1701
0.8299
1.0000

0.1765
4.0266
4.2031

1,5 x Rm
4.8046

L (Kmol/jam)

V (Kmol/jam)

7896.7014
10582.6510
80.5087
80.5087
1.3575
18641.7273

77.9344
104.4426
0.7946
0.7946
0.0134
183.9796

D x Rm

D+L
1.7687E+03
8.6278E+03
1.0397E+04

2320.9296
11321.3916
13642.3212

-0.0013388
-0.001996

1.31424E-06
2.3739E-06

400.3960
298.0000
Hvap(KJ/Kmol)
K
18207541.2927 K
256972949.6203
275180490.9130

H lat. (KJ/Jam)
Tin
94422377.4672
31066125.0245
125488502.4917

T Ref
400.40

298.0000

-Appendiks-B-Neraca-Panas

d
-0.0013388
-0.001996

Hd(KJ/jam)

400.40 K
298.00 K
T in

1.31424E-06
2.3739E-06

T ref

4331965.886
61139394.5819
65471360.4682

400.40

298.00

d
-0.0013388
-0.001996

1.31424E-06
2.3739E-06

C
C

400.40 K
298.00 K

Hvap(KJ/jam)
T in
13875575.4064
195833555.0384
209709130.4448

T Ref
400.40

303.0000 K
313.0000 K

kj/kmol

298.00

-0.0013388

T out
313.0000

B (Kg/Jam)
11411793.907
19336.560
2247.659
137.722
9696.970
11679245.430

439.8499 K
298.0000 K

1.31424E-06

d
-0.0013388
-0.001996

1.31424E-06
2.3739E-06

H feed (KJ/Jam)
T feed
1802465182.4738
3006398.1675
211266.9288
2093376.9952
86758302.1771
1894534526.7423

T ref

439.8499

298.0000

400.40 K
298.00 K
Hd(KJ/jam)

T in
4331965.8863
61139394.5819
65471360.4682

455.207
298

T ref
400.40

298.00

K
K

H bottom (KJ/Jam)
T in
1997601712.8077
3331873.5847
234138.8798
2001167725.2722

T ref
455.207

298

KJ/Jam

(Smith,1987)

Lo

Komponen
H2O (LK)
C3H6O3 (HK)
Glukosa
Fruktosa
Sukrosa

Vo

TOTAL

K
K
K
kPa

kpa
K

1kpa=

0.009869233

Yi= Ki*Xi
0.4549
0.1267
0.4177
0.0007
4.8167E-07
1.0000

Xi = Yi/K
0.0092
0.9897
0.9990

Yi= K*Xi

0.0275
0.1797
0.7915
0.0013
1.3835E-06
1.0000

F(Kg/Jam)

D (Kg/Jam)
B (Kg/Jam)
F. PENGALI
87.498
83.9985
3.4999
2134.068
2048.7049
85.3627
98852.923
98852.9228
167.500
167.5000 118.3305
19.470
19.4700
2132.7034
99128.7555
101261.459
101261.459

atm

F
10353.7329
252525.2525
11697314.3737
19820.3564
2303.8946
11982317.6101

D
9939.5836
242424.2424

B
414.1493
10101.0101
11697314.3737
19820.3564
2303.8946
252363.8260 11729953.7841
11982317.6101