25

CHAPTER 4

TUNABLE OTA





4.1 TUNABLE OTA


The transconductor discussed in the chapter is a Tunable Operational
Transconductance Amplifier (TOTA) [11]. Tunable OTA circuit is implemented using
two cascaded Balanced OTA through an active resistor. Schematic of Tunable OTA is
shown in figure 4.3. This OTA is said to be Tunable, because its transconductance (g
m
)
is linearly dependent on its tail bias current I
B
and can be tuned by changing I
B
.


Schematic of Balanced OTA is shown in figure 4.1. The Differential pair
transistors M1-M2 are assumed to be perfectly matched. The Balanced OTA circuit is
biased so that all the transistors work in saturation mode during operation of the circuit.
The Transconductance of Balanced OTA is given by the equation [16]

( 4.1)

Here I
B
is the tail biasing current,
n
is the mobility of electrons, C
ox
is the gate
oxide capacitance per unit area, W and L is the effective width and length of the channel
of the transistors of differential pair of Balanced OTA respectively i.e. M1 and M2. It
can be seen that the g
m
of Balanced OTA is not linearly dependent on bias current I
B.
50-60 mm

Double Line spacing

Times New Roman, Bold, 14

Four Line spacing

Double Line spacing

Double Line spacing

Double Line spacing

20 mm Tab




26

As shown in Figure 4.1, It can be seen that the g
m
of Balanced OTA is not
linearly dependent on bias current I
B.


Fig. 4.1 Schematic diagram of Balanced OTA (BOTA)


The active resistor is implemented using two matched NMOS transistors M9-
M10 as shown in figure 4.2 [11, 30]. The equivalent resistance R of active resistor is
given. Table 4.1 shows different parameters.

Table 4.1 Properties of Tunable OTA

This work Results of the work done by
[11]

Power Supply


1.5 V

1.5 V


Bias Tail Current


2mA

2mA


DC Gain


16.22 dB

16.199 dB



Two Balanced OTAs are cascaded through the active resistor to form
Tunable OTA.
Double Line spacing

Double Line spacing

Double Line spacing

Double Line spacing




27