QUESTION ANSWER

Can you list me the interfaces of a

GSM networ!
Air" A#is" Ater" A" G#" Gi" Gn" G$" Gr" Gs
Can you list me the networ
elements of a GSM networ!
MS" %TS" %SC" MSC" SGSN"
GGSN"%G"&'R"EIR"AUC"CG"'IG
What is the IMSI!
Uni(ue I$entifier for a SIM)* MS can #e +a,e$ with a
sin,le -AGING messa,e
What is the TMSI!
TMSI in a 'ocation Area) Shorter so you can +a,e more
MS
When $o you use IMSI an$ when
TMSI!
Authentication" #ut #asically we care a#out it for +a,in,)
-a,in, messa,e always contains IMSI
&ow many MS can you +a,e with *
+a,in, messa,e $one w. IMSI!
/
&ow many MS can you +a,e with *
+a,in, messa,e $one w. TIMSI!
0
-a,in, metho$! Can you chan,e
this metho$ w. %SS +arameters!
Either IMSI an$ . or TMSI 1 you can chan,e the metho$
#y NSS +arameters
Name some of the CC& channels
RAC&" AGC&" -C& 1 there is also NC& #ut it is not
use$ 1
Which are the feature we ha2e in
33333 in or$er to chan,e the CCC&
#eha2iour!
4efault -C& has always +riority o2er AGC&) Anyway you
can reser2e a certain num#er of #locs of AGC&)
&owe2er" if AGC& 56" AGC& has +riority o2er -C&
Which are the CCC& in U' an$
which are in 4'!
U' 5 RAC& 4' 5 AGC&" -C&" 7NC&8
4e$icate$ Channels in GSM 9ACC&" SACC&" S4CC&" TC&
%roa$cast Channels in GSM %CC&" 9C&" C%C&" SC&
Which is the $ifference #etween
CONGESTION an$ %'OC:ING!
Con,estion 5 all resources in use) %'OC:ING 5 %loce$
re(uests
&ow $o you measure
CONGESTION in 33333!
secon$s
&ow $o you measure %'OC:ING in
33333!
e2ents
Which is the unit of measure for the
#locin, measurement!
* e2ent
Which is the measurement +erio$ for
the con,estion measurement!
*6 msec
Which is the measurement +erio$ for
the traffic measurement!
/6 sec
Which are the 33333 features to hel+
S4CC& con,estion not to #ecome
S4CC& #locin,!
4ynamic S4CC&" 9ACC& Call Set U+
Which are the 33333 features to hel+
TC& #locin,!
&R 7E9R an$ AMR8" 4R" 4A4'% 7actually this one a2oi$s
con,estion to ha++en as well as traffic reason han$o2er8"
traffic reason &O 7MSC initiate$8" AM& 7traffic reason &O"
%SC initiate$8
Which is the $ifference #etween
4A4'% an$ 4R!
4R is tri,,ere$ when there is actual con,estion in the
TC&s) 4A4'% is tri,,ere$ when the loa$ of the %TS is
a#o2e a certain threshol$ $efine$ as a +arameter)
Which ty+e of &O is tri,,ere$ w.
4R!
S4CC& 3 TC& &O
Is 4R hel+ful for S4CC& or TC&
con,estion!
TC& Con,estion
There are / timers an$ * threshol$
you nee$ to $efine when you
acti2ate 4R 1 can you tell me which
are these +arameters an$ what are
these for!
Min Time 5 Time in or$er to i$entify nei,h#ours)
Ma; Time 5 ma; time to try &O)
'e2el Threshol$ 5 Minimum Threshol$ of the nei,h#ours
in or$er to try S4CC&3TC& &O
Which are the $ifferences #etween
4R 7$irecte$ Retry8 an$ I4R
7Intelli,ent 4irecte$ Retry8!
%asically I4R is an im+ro2ement of 4R an$ it taes into
account the Source Call Ty+e" Tar,et Cell Ty+e an$
Su#scri#er ty+e 1 anyway it is ne2er use$ 1
Which are the 4R +arameters you
nee$ to set!
Threshol$ 'e2el
Min time 4R
Ma; Time 4R
Can you #riefly e;+lain to me the
%SC INITIATE4 TRA99IC &O!
%asically when the %TS loa$ is a#o2e the loa$ $efine$ #y
a +arameter 7in AM& feature<s +arameter ,rou+8) the
Amh-%GT MARGIN for that s+ecific nei,h#our relation is
s(uee=e$ in or$er to hel+ to lower loa$ traffic 1 that<s the
reason why you call it TRA99IC &O
What ha++en in a networ if there
are le,acy MS that $on<t su++ort
C/!
They >ust use C* 7it ha++ens all the time in Euro+e8
Why $o you want to use C/!
Microcell an$ to #ias a layer 7it ha++ens in CINGU'AR for
?@6 in or$er to ha2e $ual #an$ MS which are E4GE
ca+a#le only on ?@68
Can you mae +ractical e;am+les of
C/ usa,e!
traffic mana,ement in $ual#an$" microcell
What<s the $ifference #etween Cell
Selection an$ Cell Re3Selection!
Cell Selection is when you switch on the MS) Cell
ReSelection when it is alrea$y on
What are the 0 criteria of the suita#le
cells for MS to cam+ on
3 MS is a#le to rea$ %CC&
3 MS is allowe$ to re,ister to the -'MN an$ 'A
3 the cell is not #arre$
3 si,nal le2el is hi,her than threshol$ 7C* A 68
What is the TIMING A4BANCE! Measure $istance MS 3%TS w. resolution of @@6 meters
&ow lon, is it in time an$ in s+ace! *./ #it where the #it rate is /C6#+s D @@6 meters
Who calculates it! %SC.%TS an$ sen$s #ac to the MS
&ow is it calculate$! RAC& $elay
&ow can you collect TA statistics in
the 33333 OSS!
There is the ta#le 1 althou,h we ha2e only *6 #ins 1 not
EF 1
Can you mo$ify the settin, of the TA
stats in the 33333 OSS!
Ges" %SC le2el" ma;imum is *6 #ins
Why $o we nee$ to use timin,
a$2ance
%TS nee$s to now when MS si,nal is e;+ecte$ to arri2e
to a2oi$ inter sym#ol interference
Ma; $istance you can ee+ a call in
GSM!
7what is the ma;imum 2alue of
timin, a$2ance in normal GSM cell!
An$ what $oes it e(ui2alent to! 8
EF TA )) E(ui2alent to D F@ m
Which networ element uses TA to
tae certain $ecisions! MS or %TS!
%asically MS sen$s its #ursts in a$2ance in or$er to ,et to
the %TS in the win$ow e;+ecte$ 1
What is the e;ten$e$ cell feature!
Alows to ha2e $ou#le ma;imum $istance MS 3 %TS 1
theoretically C6 m 1 +ractically E@ m
Is it a2aila#le in 33333! Ges 1
Which is the ca#inet . %SC you nee$
to ha2e in or$er to mae E;ten$e$
Cell wor!
Ultrasite will su++ort it in S**)@) Tal 9amily su++orts it
since SC
A$2anta,es an$ $isa$2anta,es of
the MASTER3MASTER an$
MASTER3S'ABE confi,uration
%asically when you ha2e a MASTER" if this ,oes $own
also the other ca#inet ,oes $own
4o you nee$ the Synch Ca#le
#etween ca#inets in or$er to share
the T*!
no
Which is the #est confi,uration for
ca#inet synchroni=ation 7MASTER"
S'ABE" IN4E-EN4ENT8 if you $on<t
ha2e C%CC&!
in$e+en$ent
Why in$e+en$ent confi,uration is
the #est!
%ecause $oesn<t ha2e a chain effec in case * %C9 has
+ro#lems
A$2anta,es an$ $isa$2anta,es of
allocatin, *H66 ra$ios on one
ca#inet an$ ?@6 on another ca#inet
%asically a hy#ri$ confi,uration is always an hea$ache for
im+lementation
%riefly e;+lain 9U'' an$ SU%
measurements in the Air I.9!
9U'' is when you $on<t use 4TI" SU% when you use
4TI) 9U'' Is measure$ on *60 frames" SU% on */
frames
Are these stats always sent! %oth of
them!
Ges)" #oth all the the time
&ow can the %SC un$erstan$ which
one to use!
There is a fla, that says if 4TI is use$ or not
If you +lot these stats what $o you
notice!
Su# stats are more s+rea$" more stan$ar$ $e2iation
What ha++ens when you ena#le U'
4TI . $isa#le U' 4TI to your
R;Quality!
R;Qual has more sam+les in 6 an$ C
&ow much of it is $ue to real
interference!
Some is real interference #ut most is >ust statistical
$istri#ution
Why you ha2e a $ifferent $istri#ution
#etween SU% an$ 9U'' R;Qual
sam+les! 7&INT 3 It is a statistical
reason8
'ess sam+les 5 'ess relia#le 5 More $e2iation
What are %ER an$ %E-! %it Error Rate an$ -ro#a#ility
Can you e;+lain what is N%'O
measurement an$ how it is use$!
It is use$ in C%CC& an$ it measures the $ifference
#etween %CC& an$ non3%CC& layer
Which is the main a$2anta,e of
C%CC& Bs) Multi+le %CC&!
C%CC& a$2anta,e 5 Trunin, Gain J you can assi,n the
call to the sla2e 7e),) other layer8 w. call assi,nment w.o
usin, &O
M%CC& a$2anta,e 5 Gi2e %CC& channel to #oth #an$s
1 es+ecially here in US where there are a lot of le,acy
+hones in sin,le#an$ K *H66
Coul$ you +lease e;+lain the #asic
si,nallin, of a Mo#ile Ori,inate$ Call
Setu+!
RAC&" AGC&" S4CC&" TC& 1
Coul$ you +lease e;+lain the #asic
si,nallin, of a Mo#ile Terminate$
Call Setu+!
-C&" RAC&" AGC&" S4CC&" TC& 1
What are the im+ortant GSM
s+ecifications for ra$io +erformance!
F)//" 0 series es+) 0)6? L 0)E6" @ series es+ @)6?" @)6@
What is the channel s+acin, in
GSM!
/66 &=
What is the $u+le; fre(uency of
GSm?@6 an$ GSM*H66!
0@ M&= for GSM?@6 an$ ?6 M&= for GSM*H66
in GSM" What is the multi+le access
an$ $u+le; use$!
94MA.T4MA with 944
What is AR9CN! What $oes it
mean!
A#solure Ra$io 9re(uency Channel Num#er) %asically it
is the fre(uency in use)
Is AR9CN 5 */6 in GSM?@6 or
GSM*H66 #an$!
?@6
&ow many AR9CN $o you ha2e in
GSM?@6!
ch */? 3/@* 7*/0 Ch8
&ow many AR9CN $o you ha2e in
GSM*H66!
Ch @*/ 3 ?** 7F66 ch8
Which is the num#er of frames in a
SIGNA''ING C&ANNE'!
@*
Which is the num#er of frames in a
TRA99IC C&ANNE'!
/E
What<s the $ifference #etween
MEC&ANICA' an$ E'ECTRICA'
4OWNTI'T!
Electrical re$uces also si$e lo#es an$ #ac lo#es)
&ow $oes the E'ECTRICA'
4OWNTI'T wor!
-ut a si,nal w. $ifferent +hases which $eletes +art of the
initial one creatin, smaller lo#es
What is the $ifference in +ro+a,ation
#etween ?@6Mh= an$ *H66Mh=!
C $%) The hi,her the fre(uency" the more the loss)
What is Slow fa$in,!
Also nown as sha$owin," cause$ #y lar,e o#structions
such as hils" #uil$in, trees) %eha2iour is a slow chan,e in
+ro+a,ation
What is 9ast fa$in,!
Also nown as multi+ath or Raylei,h) Cause$ #y
constucti2e or $estructi2e interference as a result of
reflections" multi+le +ro+a,ation +aths) 9a$es as $ee+ as
F6 $% o2er $istances of half a wa2elen,th
In the slow mo2in, mo#ile
en2ironment"
what in$ of fa$in, has more im+act
to si,nal!
9ast 9a$in,)
What is 4iffraction!
When the R9 si,nal is $istorte$ aroun$ an o#>ect)
&a++ens to all EM wa2es" it seems as thou,h the wa2e
M#en$sM aroun$ an o#>ect" therefore can +ro2i$e co2era,e
#ehin$ an o#struction) &a++ens when there is no 'OS or
the *st 9resnel =one is o#structe$) Commonly mo$elle$
as nife e$,e" either sin,le or $ou#le) E+stein3-etersein
is a multi+le e$,e mo$el)
What is the effect of transmit
fre(uency on 4iffraction!
None) 4iffraction is in$e+en$ent of fre(uency
What is the $ifference #etween
MSer2iceM an$ MCo2era,eM!
Co2era,e is +ro2i$e$ #y the si,nal +ro+a,atin, to an
area) Ser2ice is usea#le co2era,e" affecte$ #y
interference or GSM $istance constraints
What is the relationshi+ #etween
Co2era,e an$ Interference!
Interference is unwante$ co2era,e) The same si,nal can
#e #oth co2era,e or interference $e+en$in, on whether
the si,nal is useful or not
What is the re(uire$ information
from site sur2ey acti2ities! An$ what
are their +ur+ose!
Site location 7'at" lon,8" Antenna confi,uration 7$i2ersity"
&-%W" ,ain" ty+e8" Antenna line information 7fee$er
len,th.loss" s+iltter" $i+le;er" M&A8" Roofto+ layout)
This is use$ for lin #u$,e calc)" co2era,e +lannin, an$
+re$iction simulation" o+timi=ation analysis
Customer wants to ,i2e to 33333 a
new ser2ice" co2era,e +lannin, of a
new maret) Gou nee$ to tell him
which are the in+uts you nee$ in
or$er to start your wor) -lease $o
so 1 which are the in+uts you nee$
to as him for)
Co2era,e -oly,ons 7Rural" Su#Ur#an" Ur#an" 9reeway8 N
4ifferent R;'e2el for each +oly,on N Co2era,e -ro#a#ility
What is the Co2era,e -ro#a#ility!
Gou ha2e normally / Co2era,e
-ro#a#illity 1 which are their
names!
Cell E$,e) Cell Area)
Which is a ty+ical Co2er,e
-ro#a#ility you can use for co2era,e
$imensionin, +ur+oses!
Cell Area Co2era,e -ro#a#ility D H6O is a ty+ical 2alue
you can use an$ that you ha2e to +ut in the -ro+a,ation
mo$el as an in+ut in or$er to ha2e the Cell Ran,e an$
from that the Cell Area)
The customer has ,i2en you the
in+ut you ha2e re(ueste$ him
7-oly,ons" R;'e2" Co2era,e
-ro#a#ility8 now you nee$ to $eci$e
which are the tools you nee$ in or$er
to ,i2e him an initial un$erstan$in,
of how many sites he nee$s) -lease
tell me which are the tools you nee$
*) Gou nee$ to $eci$e the ty+e of e(ui+ment an$
confi,uration you want to ha2e) Normally this is a
stan$ar$ one 7e),) U'TRASITE" w. 'NA" / TRIs8 /)
Calculate the 'IN: %A'ANCE for that s+ecific
confi,uration) F) -ro+a,ation Mo$el 7e),) Oomura &ata8
correction factors 7e),) mean an$ stan$ar$$e2iation8
-ro#a#ly at this +oint you ha2e to
$eci$e . as which is the ty+ical
confi,uration you want in the sites
7omni" / sectors" F sectors8) Which
are the a$2anta,es . $isa$2anta,es
of OMNI!
-RO OMNI 5 Trunin, Gain) Co2er +erfectly an Islan$ for
e;am+le" from the to+ of a hill) CONS OMNI 5 -ainful
when you nee$ to mae fre(uency +lan an$.or limit
interference
-ro#a#ly at this +oint you ha2e to
$eci$e . as which is the ty+ical
confi,uration you want in the sites
7omni" / sectors" F sectors8) Which
are the a$2anta,es . $isa$2anta,es
of / sectors!
-ro#a#ly you can use a / sector site when you ha2e a
freeway in a rural area)
-ro#a#ly at this +oint you ha2e to
$eci$e . as which is the ty+ical
confi,uration you want in the sites
7omni" / sectors" F sectors8) Which
are the a$2anta,es . $isa$2anta,es
of F sectors!
F sectors is +ro#a#ly the #est com#ination for co2era,e
an$ fre(uency +lan an$ it ,i2es ,oo$ a#ility to control
interference 7w. tilts8
Relate$ to the +re2ious (uestion 1
which is the #est confi,uration is you
ha2e to co2er a freeway! An$ if you
nee$ to co2er an Islan$! An$ if you
nee$ to co2er a city!
City 5 F sectors) 9reeway 5 / sectors 7#ut only if aroun$
there is really nothin, else to co2er8) Islan$ 5 Omni wors
>ust fine if you +ut it on the to+ of the hill
Once you ha2e $eci$e$ which is the
sector confi,uration to use" how can
you use the Cell Ran,e calculate$
w. the -ro+a,ation Mo$el correction
factors in or$er to calculate how
many sites to you nee$!
Gou use the ty+ical he;a,on mo$el) With that you now
how many sites you nee$ in or$er to co2er you +oly,on)
What is the relationshi+ of W" $% an$
$%m!
*6Plo, 7W8 5 $%W"
*6Plo,7W.*666QmWR8 5 $%m"
*6 lo, 7-ower. Reference8 5 $% or /6 lo, 7Bolta,e .
Reference8
*6 $% J *0 $% /0 $%
*6 $%m J *0 $% /0 $%m
*6 $%m J *0 $%m
In or$er to $o it you nee$ to con2ert the $%m to Watt" sum
the Watts an$ ,o #ac to $%m 1 in this case the results
is *@)0@@ $%m
Is the followin, statement correct!
Oumura &ata mo$el use$ in
GSM?@6 is the same as GSM*H66)
9alse) The A an$ % coefficient use$ in O& mo$el is
$ifferent if fre(uency #elow *666 M&= an$
a#o2e*@66M&=) %esi$es" the area correction factor is
$ifferent #etween the / fre(uency
What is the +ossi#le way to im+ro2e
lin #u$,et!
%TS ty+e 7R; sensiti2ity an$ T; -ower8" Antenna ,ain"
fee$er len,th an$ ty+es 7site +lannin,8" usin, M&A an$
$i2ersity 7im+ro2e R;8" usin, %ooster 7im+ro2e T;8
Sensiti2ity an$ TRI out+ut +ower for
33333 METROSITE!
3**/ to 3**@ $%m" @W TRI
Sensiti2ity an$ TRI out+ut +ower for
33333 U'TRASITE!
3**@ ty+ical 73**/ to 3**? $%m8"
0F$%m 7,uarantee$ D minimum on *66O +ro$uction8
0C$%m TRI 7nominal D on H6O of +ro$uction8
&ow $oes the lin #u$,et im+act to
num#er of the sites re(uire$ in an
area!
With the ma;imum allow +athloss from lin #u$,et with
consi$eration of '-" ST4" Slow fa$in, mar,in an$
+ro+a,ation mo$el " it is use$ for $efinin, the cell ran,e) If
the +athloss is #i,,er" the cell ran,e coul$ #e hi,her an$
the num#er of sites re(uire will #e re$uce$)
-lease list F metho$s of ca+acity
enhancement an$ their +ros L cons
cell.site s+littin,S co2era,e enhancement #ut more cost to
har$ware L limitation of fre(uency
more TRIS easy #ut nee$ fre(uency
micro cell layerS more easy to control interference #ut
more site re(uire
$ual#an$S a$$itional s+ectrum re(uire$" minimi=e im+act
to e;istin, #an$ co2era,e.ca+acity"
soft ca+acity featuresS ho++in," IUO" 49CA" AMR" 4TI
#etter cell +lannin, Lo+timi=ation for #etter interference
control)
&ow $oes 'NA im+ro2e the
sensiti2ity!
%asically the 'NA is hel+in, to im+ro2e the effecti2e noise
fi,ure of the recei2in, +ath which then re$uces the R;
Sensiti2ity of recei2in, +ath) The sim+le way to $o is the
com+ensation of fee$er loss 7#ut not more than 'NA
,ain8) &owe2er" the calculation ha2e to #e calculate$ on
the effecti2e noise fi,ure an$ effecti2e ,ain of the
recei2in, +ath)
INTE''IGENT 4OWN'IN:
4IBERSITG!
I44 is #asically a 4' #ooster) The way it wors is
#asically +uttin, to,ether the si,nals of / TRIs with the
same si,nal #ut w. a $ifferent +hase) The ,ain is D F $%)
What is the +ro#lems with hi,hrise
#uil$in,s!
lac of co2era,e as the antennas are lower $own)
Increase$ interference from 'OS to many sites)
What is trunin, ,ain!
TRUN:ING GAIN IS T&E GAIN T&AT GOU &ABE W&EN
GOU &ABE 'ESS ENTRG -OINT TO T&E RESOURCES
7e),) * line in front of the *6 air+ort chec3in counters
wors much #etter than *6 lines in front of the same *6
air+ort chec3in counters8 1
what $oes * Erlan, mean!
One channel use$ for FE66 secon$s in * h D *66O
utili=ation of a resource 7TC& or -4C& in GSM8
Customer is com+lainin, that w.
*TRI he can ser2e only F Erlan,
an$ has *6O #locin, while we ha2e
tol$ him that accor$in, to the Erlan,
% ta#le we shoul$ #e a#le to ser2e F
Erl w. /O #locin,) What is
ha++enin,!
%asically the traffic is not a++roachin, the %TS w. a
-oisson $istri#ution 7which is the assum+tion that is the
#ase of the Erlan, % mo$el8
What is the Erlan, C ta#le! It is a mo$el which taes into account (ueuin,
If we ha2e QUEUING acti2e $o we
nee$ to use the Erlan, C ta#le!
Why!
No 1 #ecause (ueue is not infinite 1
Is the Erlan, % ta#le the ri,ht mo$el
to use in case of AMR 9R . &R!
NO
* TRI w. /O #locin, 1 accor$in,
to the Erlan, % ta#le how many
Erlan, can I ser2e!
D F Erl
What is the out+ut from lin #u$,et! Ma;imum allowe$ +athloss 7U' an$ 4'8
Which is a ty+ical -ath'oss you can
ha2e in a GSM connection!
D *@6 $%
4o we use $ifferent 'IN: %U4GET
for $ifferent ty+e of en2ironments!
No" ma;imum allowe$ +ath loss is not en2ironment
$e+en$ent) It is ser2ice $e+en$ent thou,h
What is the +ur+ose of a ra$io
+lannin, tool!
To mo$el the networ) Allows the +lanner to see the effect
of main, chan,es to the networ so the #est solution can
#e chosen an$ im+lemente$) Can also #e use$ to store
all the site $ata)
&ow can you ensure the +lannin,
tool is as accurate as +ossi#le!
9irst start with accurate clutter" 4TM an$ #uil$in, $ata)
Ne;t cali#rate the mo$el correctly) All site $ata must #e
correct) This will ,i2e the +ro+a,ation mo$el of the
networ)
What ,eneral +ower law $o
+ro+a,ation mo$els follow!
F)@ +ower law 70th +ower law ,oo$ enou,h8
Name two metho$s of +ro+a,ation
mo$ellin,
Statistical an$ 4eterministic 7Ray tracin," 2irtual source8
Name two statistical mo$els
commonly use$
Oumra3&ata 7General +ro+a,ation8 an$ Walfisch3
Ie,ami 7canyon lie en2ironment8
&ow $o you cali#rate a statistical
+ro+a,ation mo$el!
Collect CW 7not TEMS" noise floor isn<t low enou,h8
measurements from mulit+le locations) 4ri2e throu,h as
many clutter classes as +ossi#le) In+ut all $ata to a
+lannin, tool) Calculate S4) Use $ifferent 2alues of first
co3efficient to ,et $ifferent S4 2alues) This is normally a
s(uare function" so ,et minimum) Continue with other
coefficients) Re+eat) Coefficient or$erS $istance"
$iffraction" %TS hei,ht" %TS hei,htP$istance
What are the main MM' families in
mani+ulatin, ra$io o#>ects!
EAS A$>acency" EES %SC" EQS %TS" ERS TRI" E&S &OC"
EUS -OC
&ow $o you list current alarms for a
%TS!
TEO'
What $oes the initial MTM stan$ for in
an MM' comman$!
It maes MM' inter+ret the comman$ from the main le2el"
e2en if you are insi$e another family
What is the a2aila#le tool for OSS
$ata collection in 33333!
TANO" N4W" EOS9'EI
Name two $ri2e test tools TEMS" NEMO7TOM8
What $ri2e test e(ui+ment is nee$e$
for +erformance $ata collection!
'o,,in, tool" / +hones 7one short call" one lon,8" G-S"
scanner" ma+" +ower su++ly for all
What ty+e of measurements shoul$
#e use$ for mo$el cali#ration!
Continuous Wa2e 7CW8" Greater $ynamic ran,e an$
lower noise floor
Name some +rotocol analysers for
monitorin, the A#is" A or Gn
interfaces
Nethaw" :*/*@" A,ilent
What is co3channel interference
When a cell is #ein, interfere$ with #y another cell with
the same carrier fre(uency
What is the GSM re>ection ratio for
co3channel interference!
H $%
What is a$>acent channel
interference!
When a cell is #ein, interfere$ with #y another cell with a
carrier fre(uency which is se+erate$ #y /66&= for the
*st a$>acent interferer" 066&= for the /n$ a$>acent
interferer" etc)
What is the GSM re>ection ratio for
the first a$>acent channel
interference!
3H $% 73*? $% for the secon$ a$>acent interferer8
What is fre(uency reuse 0.*/ ! There are */ fre(uency ch reuse on the 0;F3sector sites)
When +lannin, a fre(uency what is
the channel se+aration re(uire$ for
the TRI in the same cell!
F ch) 7E66 &=8 for GSM?@6 an$ 0 ch 7?66 &=8 for
GSM*H66
When +lannin, a fre(uency what is
the channel se+aration re(uire$ for
the TRI in the same site!
066 &=
what is the $ifferent #etween
ho++in, scheme *.*" F.F" *.F!
*.*S there is * MA list an$ reuse on e2ery cells
F.FS there are F MA list an$ each site 7F sectors8 usin,
same MA list an$ reuse e2ery F sites
*.FS there are F MA list an$ each cells in same site usin,
$ifferent MA list) An$ reuse same +attern for e2ery site)
What is the factor to $etermine
which ho++in, scheme a#o2e to #e
use$!
Num#er of TRI 7too small num#er of TRI cannot ,ain
much from %% ho++in,8 an$ com#iner ty+e) 7RTC is only
can use %% ho++in,8
4o we nee$ to +lan MAIO Ste+" MA
'ist" MAIO Offset an$ &SN when
use %% ho++in,!
There is no nee$ to +lan for MAIO an$ MAIO offset in %%
ho++in,) &owe2er" &SN is re(uire$)
4o we nee$ to +lan MAIO Ste+" MA
'ist" MAIO Offset an$ &SN when
use R9 ho++in,!
yes" all of them) MA list is re(uire$ to +lan to ensure that
there is no fre(uency collision within the site) &SN shoul$
#e same for all sectors in the sites)
4o you ha2e MA' only w. R9
ho++in, or also w. %% ho++in,!
only with R9 ho++in,
Which is the main $ifference
#etween R9 an$ %% ho++in,!
R9 5 TRI chan,es AR9CN) %% 5 Call mo2es from *
RTS' to an other 7in an other TRI8
What is a MA'! Mo#ile Alloction 'ist) It is use$ for R9 &O--ING
&ow many MA' can you $efine in a
33333 %SC!
*/?
Which are the +arameters you nee$
t $efine in the %TS when you want to
use a MA'!
&SN" Maio Ste+" MAIO Offset"ho++in, mo$e" MAlist
Why $o we use 9re(uency &o++in,!
7I mean which are the a$2anta,es of
fre(uency ho++in,8
Gou ha2e / a$2anta,es w.fre(uency ho++in, 1
9REQUENCG 4IBERSITG 79A4ING8 an$
INTER9ERENCE 4IBERSITG
Which is the ty+e of fa$in, you are
a#le to M#eatM when you use
&O--ING!
9ast 9a$in,
Gou ha2e a %TS w. F ho++in, TRIs
an$ a MA' w. F AR9CN 1 once you
try to unloc the the site the %SC
,a2es you a 4I error sayin, that
you $on<t ha2e enou,h fre(uencies
1 where is the +ro#lem!
%asically the sum of MAIO O99SET an$ MAIO STE-S
e;cee$s the num#er of AR9CN in the MA' 1 it is in$ee$
a silly +ro#lem #ut you nee$ to now it) Su,,estion is to
ee+ MAIO O99SET 5 6 an$ MAIO STE- 5* in such a
case 7where +ro#a#ly you are usin, a$ &OC ho++in,8
&ow many &SN $o we ha2e! E0 76 1 EF8
Is this a GSM stan$ar$ or $o you
now if 33333 has any +lan to increase
this num#er!
No) it can<t 1 it is GSM s+ecs
&ow $oes &SN 5 6 wors! se(uential ho++in, 7others are +sue$o3ran$om8
4o you now which are the #asics of
the al,orithm use$ from &SN!
Uses the +arameters you set 7MAIOs8 an$ 9N which is
somethin, you can<t $efine 1 that is the reason why in a
synch networ you can #etter control the interference)
&ow many &SN $o I nee$ to $efine
for each %TS in R9 &O--ING!
*
&ow many &SN $o I nee$ to $efine
for each %TS in %% &O--ING!
/
What is E9'!
Effecti2e 9re(uency 'oa$) A way of measurin, s+ectral
efficiency with a ho++in, system) 9ormulaS
erls.7Nfre(Pa2eN7TC&.TRI88
What is s+ectral efficiency!
A way of measurin, how effecti2ely the s+ectrum is #ein,
use$) The more traffic carrie$ with less s+ectrum the more
efficient the use) 9ormulaS erls.M&=.Cell
Is the followin, statement correct!
Why!
It is ,oo$ enou,h to use R9 ho++in,
reuse *.* with MA list len,th *@ in
the area with EJEJE %TS)
No" #ecause it is all fre(uencies are use$ all the time
which coul$ create the hi,h interference le2el es+) if the
site +lannin, 7$ominant area8 is not ,oo$ enou,h)
When customer want to #uil$
GSM*H66 on GSM?@6 site or 2ise
2ersa" what are the thin,s that you
woul$ lie to su,,est him to chec
an$ what is the issue #ehin$ that!
7not +arameters8
9re(uency use 7intereference an$ intermo$ulation
#etween / #an$s8
antenna solution 7Isolation re(uirement an$ area s+acin,8
When can you ha2e +a,in, thru the
G# I.f instea$ of the A I.f!
Gs interface is necessary
What<s the a$2anta,e of the +a,in,
thru the G# I.f!
Can +a,e a MS in $ata session
4oes the A#is I.f si=e chan,e the
+a,in, ca+a#ility!
Ges 1 if the 'A is #i,,er you nee$ to +a,e more MS" so
all these messa,es nee$ to ,o thru the A#is 1 so you
nee$ a #i,,er A#is
&ow many MS can you +a,in,
messa,es can you sen$ in * hour w.
*E#+s TRISi,!
*66"666 +a,in, messa,es 1 /66"666 MS if you use IMSI
or 066"666 MS if you use TMSI
&ow many MS can you +a,in,
messa,es can you sen$ in * hour w.
E0#+s TRISi,!
066"666 +a,in, messa,es 1
Which is a +arameter you can
chan,e in or$er to re$uce the
+ro#a#ility that a MS that went out of
co2era,e will #e +a,e$!
-erio$ic 'ocation U+$ate 1 you nee$ to re$uce it 1
Why $o we nee$ %SIC in GSM!
I$entify nei,h#our 1 cou+le %CC&" %SIC mae you
i$entify the nei,h#our
&ow many #its are the %SIC! E
Which are the / com+onents of the
%SIC!
NCC" %CC
Which is the relation #etween %CC
an$ TSC!
They shoul$ #e the same in the %CC& TRI" not in all the
TRIs 1 NO:IA #y $efault is usi, the same #ut it is not
man$atory in GSM)
Can we ha2e TSC UA %CC in 33333!
Since when! 4o you now if
CINGU'AR has it acti2ate$!
7$o we ha2e any features that coul$
allow TSC UA %CC!8
Ges" we ha2e a S*6 feature a#out it) CINGU'AR $oesn<t
use it)
Which is the the reason to ha2e TSC
UA%CC!
%etter &O SUCCESS RATE 1 #ut #asically it $oesn<t
chan,e anythin, 1
Which is the relationshi+ #etween
NCC an$ -'MN!
There is no relationshi+) -'MN is MCC J MNC
Why $o we nee$ TSC 7Trainin,
Seu(ence Co$e8 in GSM!
This is for the MS an$ %TS to learn the interference)
%asically the MS is e;+ectin, a certain TSC #ut recei2es
an other if there is intereference) The $ifference #etween
the e;+ecte$ an$ the measure$ one is use$ in or$er to
reconstruct the rest of the #its of the #urst)
Which is a recommen$e$ si=e for
the 'A in 33333!
4e+en$s from A#is 'A-4 si=e 1 *3/ %SC wors fine w.
*E#+s
Can you ha2e smaller 'A! GES
Can you ha2e #i,,er 'A! GES
Can you ha2e a 'A across / $ifferent
MSC!
NO
Why $o you nee$ the 'A in GSM! -a,in, reasons
Can you ha2e a 'A across more
than * %SC!
Ges
Which is the tra$e off in the 'A si=e! -a,in, an$ S4CC& traffic
Which are the :-I you nee$ to
monitor when you are mo$ifyin, the
'A si=e!
S4CC&" -a,in, Success Rate" con,estion in A#is an$ Air
for 'A-4 an$ CCC&
4oes roamin, traffic affectin, the 'A
si=e!
No
Which are the +arameters you can
chan,e in or$er to mae har$er or
easier 'A u+$ate!
Cell Reselection &ysteresis
What is the -'MN +ermitte$
+arameter!
It $efines to which -'MNs the MS is +ermitte$ to re+ort
measurement results)
Is M-'MN +ermitte$M +arameter the
same as -'MN i$!
No)
What +arameters nee$ to #e set as
the e(ual to or su#set of -'MN
+ermitte$!
NCC +art of the %SICs)
If it is not set" what will ha++en! MS is not +ossi#le to measure the cells e),) no &O)
Where really $o you nee$ this
+arameter!
National %or$ers
4o you now which is the -'MN
settin, use$ in CINGU'AR!
All of them
Can you use TRA99ICA tool in the
CINGU'AR networ! %lue!
Oran,e! Why!
Only if you ha2e our core 1 means Oran,e
If you increase the 'A si=e $o you
e;+ect an increase in the A I.f traffic!
NO
If you increase the 'A si=e $o you
e;+ect an increase in the A#is I.f
traffic!
GES
If you increase the 'A si=e $o you
e;+ect an increase in the Air I.f
traffic!
GES
What $o you use the 9ACC& for in
U' an$ 4'!
&O" CA'' SETU- if you ha2e the feature
What $o you use the SACC& for in
U' an$ 4'!
System Info 74'8" Measurements 7U'8" SMS $urin, a call
&ow many S4CC& can you +ut in *
RTS'!
?
Which is the $ifference #etween
COM%INE4 an$ SE-ARATE4
si,nallin,!
com#ine$ 5 CCC& J 0S4CC&V se+arate$ 5 CCC& an$
S4CC& are in $ifferent RTS'
Which channels ha2e no +ower
control!
%CC&" S4CC&" G-RS TS'74'8
Measurement re+ort is sent to %SC
e2ery +erio$ of which channel an$
how lon, $oes it e(ui2alent to!
SACC& 5 0?6 ms
What is the $ifferent #etween sync
an$ non3sync &O! An$ in which
case it will ha++en! An$ what
+arameter is use$ to $efine this!
in non3sync &O" there is +hysical information is re(uire for
MS to +erform &O) The information contains TA
information an$ it re(uires when the cell &O to $ifferent
%C9 cell) The +arameter is in each A4W +air MSGNCM
is followin, statement correct!
There is no +ro#lem if the nei,h#or
list contains the same %CC& an$
same %SIC from $ifferent cells as
lon, as the / nei,h#our are far away
an$ not interfere to each other)
9alse) MS re+ort only %CC& an$ %SIC to %SC" therefore
%SC will not #e a#le to $ifferentiate which A4W is the ri,ht
one an$ that coul$ cause &O failure an$ e2entually call
$ro+
What is the N;.-; +arameters in
han$o2er +arameters $efine$! An$
what is the im+act on settin, lar,e
num#er of N;.-;!
N; is the total num#er of sam+le in the e2aluation)
-; is the num#er of sam+les within N; that #elow or
a#o2e threshol$)
The lar,e num#er coul$ lea$ to the lon,er time for &O
$ecision main,
What<s the $ifference #etween &O
ATTEM-T an$ &O comman$ in
33333!
&O Attem+t is #efore the chec if tar,et has a2aila#le
RTS') &O Comman$ is after) There are more &O
attem+ts than &O comman$s
Which is the *st thin, you shoul$
chec in the formula when the
customer is tellin, yu he has a 2ery
hi,h &O failure rate!
If counts &O attem+ts 1
-lease name @ ty+es of &O reasons
*8 Interference 7u+lin or $ownlin8
/8 U+lin (uality
F8 4ownlin (uality
08 U+lin le2el
@8 4ownlin le2el
E8 4istance #etween MS an$ %TS
C8 Turn aroun$ corner MS 7s+ecial case of ra+i$ fiel$
$ro+8
?8 Any other ra+i$ fiel$ $ro+
H8 9ast . slow mo2in, MS 7s+ecial case of um#rella
han$o2er8
*68 Any other um#rella or +ower #u$,et han$o2er
**8 traffic reason ho
What is the 0 criteria in ranin, the
A4W for &O can$i$ate!
*8 A$>acent Cell 'oa$ Threshol$ S Can #e chece$ only
for cells #elon,in, to the same %SC as the ser2in, one
/8 A$>acent Cell -riority
F8 O2erloa$e$ Cell 3A Re$uction of -riority
08 RI le2el 7if same +riority8
What is ty+ical 2alue use for -%GT
&O mar,in!
E $%
What are the F +arameters in %SS
that nee$ to chan,e to mae sure
that $ual#an$ is worin,!
$ual%an$Cell G in$icates cell as $ual #an$ cell
multiCell%an$Re+ortin, 6))F num#er of a$>acent $ual
#an$ cells taen into account for measurement re+ort
earlySen$in,In$ication G ena#les MS to sen$ classmar
F messa,e as early as +ossi#le
What is the im+act of settin, hi,her
num#er of mulitcell%an$re+ortin,!
it re$uces the amount of same #an$ re+ortin,) Normally
there are only E cells re+ort from MS) 4e$uctin, #y M%R"
the rest will #e use$ for same #an$)
What feature coul$ #e use$ to hel+
the situation!
EMR
What is the R'T +arameter! R'T 5 Ra$io 'in timeout)
&ow $oes R'T wors!
It is #oth in U' an$ in 4') S+eain, a#out U' 1 if the
%TS $oesn<t recei2e the SACC& in U' it $ecreases this
counter #y 3* an$ if recei2es the SACC& it increments #y
J/) If it ,ets to the ma;imum 2alue it sto+s incrementin,)
When it ,ets to =ero the %SC releases the call)
&ow many R'T $o we ha2e in 33333!
U' . 4' . AMR 9R . AMR &R!
In NO:IA we ha2e only one R'T 1
Why shoul$ we ha2e $ifferent R'T
for AMR 9R an$ AMR &R an$ E9R!
%ecause the C.I +rotection in 2ery $ifferent 1 so the R'T
shoul$ tae into account #efore $ro++in, a call 1
What $oes E9R mean! E9R 5 Enhance$ 9ull Rate
What is 9AST ABERAGING!
It is a way to s+ee$ u+ the -ower Control J &O $ecisions
#ecause you $on<t nee$ to wait the com+lete win$ow
#efore start countin, N;.-; in your $ecision
We ha2e a WEIG&TING +arameter
in &OC" -OC 1 what is this for!
It is use$ to o2erwei,ht if you want8 the 9U''
measurements rather than the SU% measurements
&ow many +arameters $o you ha2e
for 9AST ABERAGING!
7at what call +hase 9ast A2era,in,
can #e a++lie$!8
F 1 after Call Set U+" After -C" After &O
Why $o we ha2e the conce+t of
-RIORITG in the &O!
%ecause #ase$ on the measurements we can tae after
the same SACC& $ifferent &O $ecisions an$ you want to
,i2e to certain &O more +riority 7e),) Quality &O shoul$
ha2e hi,her +riority o2er -%GT &O #ecause the +ro#lem
is more ur,ent 1 an$ the way you choose the
nei,h#ours for the $ifferent &O ty+es are $ifferent8
What is a C'EAR CO4E! 4I Cause w. failure
What is a 4I CAUSE! Why this
funny name!
Internal Cause in %SC) %ecause of 4I architecture
of%SC an$ MSC
After acti2ation of 4ou#le %A list the
sector $oesn<t mae anymore &O 1
what<s the +ro#lem!
Nei,h#our %CC&s are not in the list
where to fin$ information a#out 33333
counter an$ :-I!
*8 NE4 /8 Wum+ +a,e) F8 4ata#ase 4escri+tion for %SC
Measurements 7-49 $ocument8
What is the WUM- -AGE! Intranet +a,e w. info a#out :-I" COUNTERS
&ow can you use 4I CAUSE an$
C'EAR CO4E in or$er to o+timi=e
my networ!
C'EAR CO4ES CAN %E MONITORE4 W.
O%SERBATIONS 1 GO CAN 9OR EIAM-'E USE
M4RO- CA'' O%SERBATIONM OR M4RO- CA''
%REA:4OWNM 1
W&IC& IS T&E 4I99ERENCE
%ETWEEN MEASUREMENT AN4
O%SERBATION
T&EG ARE %OT& WAGS TO GET -ER9ORMANCE
STATS 1 :-I AN4 COUNTERS ARE 9ROM
MEASUREMENTS TA%'ES) O%SERBATION ARE
GIBING US C'EAR CO4ES . 4I CAUSE)
Is the MS or the %TS a#le to
measure the actual C.I of the Air I.f!
No 1 in GSM we can<t measure the C.I 1 we can only
measure the %ER" 9ER 1 which are affecte$ of the C.I
In the 33333 OSS I ha2e seen there
are interference measurements )
Can you e;+lain what they mean
an$ how they is measure$!
These are i$le mo$e measurements an$ they are only in
U' 1 #asically in the RTS' not in use if the 'e2el is
a#o2e 3**6 $%m we assume it is interference an$ it is
recor$e$ in the OSS stats 1
In the 33333 OSS measurements I can
see &O $ue to interference! &ow $o
these &O wor . are tri,,ere$!
INTER9ERENCE &O are #asically QUA'ITG &O in ,oo$
R;'e2el con$ition 7which is set with a R;'e2el +arameter8
1 the reason is $ual 1 *8 &a2e stats a#out #a$ Quality
in ,oo$ R;'e2el con$itions) /8 Tri,,er an intracell &O
rather than a intercell &O
What is AMR! A$a+ti2e Multirate 2oice co$in,
&ow $oes it wor!
AMR 2aries the +ro+ortion of 2oice co$in, an$ channel
co$in, to +ro2i$e more ro#ustness in #a$ C.I at the
e;+ense of 2oice (uality
&ow many AMR co$ecs are there at
9R an$ &R!
? at 9R" E at &R 7* not use$ in &R8) Only 0 can #e use$
in a call
What is MOS!
Mean O+inion ScoreS A su#>ecti2e 2iew of the (uality of a
2oice call
What is 9ER!
9rame Erasure RateS Num#er of s+eech frames $iscar$e$
$ue to errors) A #etter measure of (uality than %ER with
AMR #ecause %ER is measure$ #efore $eco$in, an$
9ER after $eco$in,
What is the effect of AMR on a full
rate channel!
It allows the call to maintain the same 9ER in worse C.I
con$itions
What is the effect of AMR on a half
rate Channel!
It allows the 9ER to im+ro2e in #etter C.I con$itions while
occu+yin, half a timeslot
&ow $oes AMR lin a$a+tation
wor!
When certain C.I threshol$s are met" the 2oice co$ec will
#e chan,e$) There is no tar,et 9ER to maintain an$
threshol$s ha2e to #e carefully chosen
What is a half rate channel!
A channel with **)0 #+s) 9R is //)? #+s) Each channel
occu+ies alternate #ursts of a multiframe)
&ow $oes the %SC $eci$e whether
to use a &R or 9R channel!
With cell loa$ threshol$s) When the lower limit is reache$"
calls are +ace$" when the u++er limit is reache$" new
calls are sent to 9R
When is a &R un+ace$ to 9R! When the R;Qual of the &R call reaches a +re3set limit
4oes 33333 su++orts all the GSM AMR
co$ecs!
No $oesn<t su++ort &R C)H@#+s #ecause it shoul$ use
*E#+s TRAU an$ NO:IA $oesn<t ha2e it)
What is MAICA- feature!
Name of a CINGU'AR i$ea to ma;imi=e ca+acity)
%asically while testin, it they ha2e foun$ that our %SS
ha$ a +ro#lem an$ wasn<t un+acin, if a can$i$ate for
Quality &O wasn<t a2aila#le) When it was intro$uce$ we
saw a su$$en increase in $ro+ call $urin, un+acin,) That
is the reason why we want to ha2e MAICA- 5 O99)
4o you ha2e more si,nallin,
channels in AMR &R!
In #an$ sin,allin," #ut it is trans+arent
4oes the o2erall #it rate on the Air
I.9 chan,es w. AMR!
No it $oesn<t 1
What is 49CA!
4ynamic 9re(uency an$ Channel Allocation" is a %SS
ra$io resource mana,ement functionality that selects the
ra$io channel in$i2i$ually for each connection from a
$e$icate$ channel +ool #ase$ on C.I criteria) The $ifferent
$e,rees of interference tolerence of $ifferent connection
ty+e such as E9R"AMR 9R" &R are taen into account in
the ch selection +rocess)
What are the 49CA &W
re(uirement!
3%SC/i J C-/MI C-U car$s or %SC Fi
3%SC3%SC connections for %SC usin, 49CA an$ ha2e
a$>acent ser2ice area)
3Ultrasite or metrosite %TS
3 Wi$e#an$ com#iner
3 'MU in e2ery %TS
What are the 49CA SW
re(uirement!
3S**)@
3 CI0)*
3OSS0
3'MU0)*
Three fre(uency #an$s are $efine$
in 49CA" what are they!
%CC& #an$" Re,ular #an$ 7o+tional8" 49CA #an$
What are the re(uirement.limitation
in 49CA #an$!
3The ran,e of Malist is *3F/
3The 49CA MA list must #e $efine$ the same way in al
%SCs within each continous %SC area
349CA MA list $o not contain consecuti2e fre(uency
3Any two 49CA MA lists containin, a$>acent fre(uency
are re(uire$ to #e of the same len,th)
What are the in+uts for 49CA
channel allocation!
3non real time information I)e) %ac,roun$ inteference
matri;
3near real time information I)e) Mo#ile measurement
re+ort
3 realtime information I)e) Ra$io channel usa,e
information
What are the 0 metho$s in 49CA C.I
estimation!
incomin, 4'" Incomin, U'" Out,oin, 4'" Out,oin, U'
What is the Soft %locin, in 49CA!
Soft %locin, is a user $efine +arameter)
If in the C.I estimation +hase any of the four C.I estimates
+ro$uce$ for each ra$io channel can$i$ate $oes not
e;cee$ the soft #locin, limit of the interfere$ connection"
then the ra$io channel can$i$ate is $eeme$ soft #loce$)
If there are no acce+ta#le assi,nment can$i$ates 7i)e) all
the can$i$ates #reach the connection ty+e s+ecific soft
#locin, C.I limit8" the assi,nment will #e $irecte$ to a
re,ular TRI if a2aila#le)
If there are no free TS's on any re,ular TRIs of the cell"
the call will #e finally re>ecte$ 749CA soft #locin,
situation8) 4irecte$ retry coul$ still #e use$ an$ if
successfull the $irecte$ retry will mo2e the call to another
cell in which case the call is not re>ecte$)
In case of han$o2ers soft #locin, is not a++lie$ e;ce+t if
the han$o2er is for 4R or 4A4'% then the soft #locin, is
a++lie$ as in normal call setu+)
What is 49CA force$ &R mo$e!
If the current incomin, 4' C.I a2era,e is #elow the 9orce
&R mo$e C.I threshol$ for the corres+on$in, channel
ty+e 7non3AMR.AMR8" then the force &O mo$e is
switche$ on) After &R mo$e switche$ on" &R
channel.AMR &R channel will #e assi,ne$ to a s+eech
connection that is +lace$ on a 49CA TRI until the &R
mo$e switche$ off)
49CA 9orce &R mo$e C.I threshol$ an$ 9orce &R C.I
threshol$ AMR are user $efine$ +arameters)
What is the restrictions to use
49CA! 7features interworin,
limitation8
X -acet switch territory is not allow in 49CA TRI
X 4ynamic S4CC& is not allowe$ in 49CA TRI
X 9ACC& call setu+ to 49CA TRI is not +ossi#le)
X Antenna ho++in, cannot #e use$ in 49CA TRI
A+art from 49CA +arameter" what
are the +arameters shall #e chece$
for 49CA acti2ation!
%SS Synchroni=ation
3Sync MUST #e on +rior to switchin, to 49CA Mo$e)
39N an$ TS offsets shoul$ #e set 7not left at 68
Interference &an$o2ers
3nterference #ase$ han$o2ers shoul$ #e ena#le$ on all
49CA %TS
4ynamic -ower Control
3Shoul$ #e ena#le$ on all 49CA %TS for U' an$ 4'
Timeslot Ty+e
3TC& timeslots only su++orte$ on 49CA TRIYs
3All si,nalin, 7e),) S4CC&8 an$ G- timeslots must #e
remo2e$)
I$le L Acti2e %A 'ist Usa,e
3%A list must #e create$ an$ attache$ for I$le L Acti2e use
in each 49CA %TS
What a$$itional networ elements
are nee$e$ for 4ata!
SGSN" GGSN" CG" 4NS" 7%G" 'IG8
What elements nee$ to #e u+,ra$e$
to acti2ate EG-RS!
TRIs) A mo$ulation scheme is use$ an$ mo$ulation is
+erforme$ #y the TRI with har$ware
&ow $oes an MS han$o2er from one
cell to another $urin, a $ata
session!
It $oesn<t) MS +erforms cell re3selection e;actly lie i$le
mo$e
What is a 9lush!
When a cell re3selects" the $ata store$ in the %BC #uffer
is 9lushe$ 74elete$8) If the new cell is in the same -CU
than the $ata is mo2e$ to the new %BC) If not it is $elete$
an$ there is a #i,,er #rea in $ownloa$in,)
What mo$ulation scheme $oes
GR-S use!
GMS:
&ow many G-RS co$in, schemes
are there currently in 33333 an$ what
are they calle$!
CS*" CS/
What mo$ulation scheme $oes
EG-RS use!
GMS:7mcs*308" ?-S:
&ow many EG-RS co$in, schemes
are there!
HS MCS* 3 MCSH
What is the ma;imum #itrate +er
timeslot with G-RS an$ EG-RS!
G-RSS *F#+s with CS/" EG-RSS @H)E/ #+s with MCSH
What is timeslot ca+acity!
Ma;imum TS' ca+acity after C.I has re$uce$ the MCS
#ut #efore T%9 multi+le;in,
What are the MCS families use$ for!
Re3transmissions are sent in MCSs of the same family as
each family has a $ifferent +acet len,th)
What functionality counters fast
fa$in, in EG-RS!
Incremental Re$un$ency
&ow $oes it wor!
4ata is +uncture$ after co$in,) This in2ol2es re$ucin, the
num#er of #its nee$e$ to sen$ the $ata) F +uncturin,
co$es are use$) If the first +acet can<t #e fully $eco$e$" it
is sent a,ain with $ifferent +uncturin, scheme) The
+acets are com#ine$ until it is $eco$e$)
What functionality counters slow
fa$in, in EG-RS!
'in A$a+tation
&ow $oes it wor!
-CU tries to ee+ #est throu,h+ut #y usin, %E- to
calculate the +ro#a#ilty of the +acet #ein, $eco$e$) -CU
uses initial MCS" then once it has %E- 2alues" chooses
mo$ulation" then co$in, scheme accor$in, to whether it is
initial transmission or re3transmission) User only has to
set initial MCS
What is timeslot multi+le;in,!
When there is more than one T%9 allocate$ to the same
timeslot
What is T%9 multi+le;in,!
When there is a mi; of G-RS an$ EGR-S T%9s on a
timeslot) Es+ecially #a$ with U' G-RS an$ 4' EGR-S
&ow many $ifferent ty+es of Networ
Mo$e of O+eration are they an$ how
are they $ifferent!
F" NMO*S Nee$s a Gs lin" all CS an$ -S +a,in, throu,h
SGSN an$ -CCC& 7or CCC&8) NMO/S No Gs lin" CS
+a,in, throu,h MSC an$ CCC&" -S +a,in, throu,h
SGSN an$ CCC&" NMOFS No Gs lin" CS +a,in, throu,h
MSC an$ SGSN" -S +a,in, throu,h SGSN an$ -CCC&
7not su++orte$ in Noia8
What is the $ifference #etween the
R'C an$ ''C +rotocols!
Ra$io 'in Control is #etween the -CU an$ the MS)
'o,ical 'in Control is #etween the SGSN an$ the MS)
R'C ,i2es networ throu,h+ut" ''C ,i2es user
throu,h+ut)
What is a territory!
A territory is an area of the cell that is use$ for a certain
+ur+ose
&ow many are there an$ what are
they calle$!
0S CS" 4e$icate$ $ata" 4efault $ata" A$$itional $ata
&ow $oes each #eha2e!
4e$icate$ $ata is only use$ for $ata" $efault can #e use$
for #oth #ut CS is e+t out of it unless there is no more
CS territory a2aila#le" a$$itional is $ata territory #eyon$
$efault an$ is release$ as soon as +ossi#le" CS can #e
use$ to carry CS an$ inclu$es $efault an$ a$$itional
Is there +ower control in EG-RS! Only in U+lin
What is an E4A- an$ why is it
nee$e$!
EG-RS 4ynamic A#is -oolS A +art of the A#is set asi$e
for EG-RS use) It is share$ amon,st all TRIs attache$ to
it an$ +ro2i$es a F6O sa2in, on A#is ca+acity com+are$
to fi;e$ allocation) The E4A- is nee$e$ #ecause the
hi,her #itrates with EG-RS nee$ more than * *E#+s
A#is su#slot
What is the $ifference #etween one3
+hase an$ two3+hase access!
In one +hase" the RAC& re(uest ass for a T%9) In two
+hase" the RAC& re(uest as for a sin,le #loc an$ uses
this to as for the T%9)
What is a RA!
Routin, AreaS ser2e the same function for $ata as the 'A
for 2oiceS Allows the SGSN to +a,e the MS
What is its relationshi+ to an 'A!
A RA is a su#set of an 'A) Ma;iumum si=e is the 'A si=e)
An 'A can ha2e more than one RA)
Which is the tra$e off in the
4E9AU'T TERRITORG si=e!
Small $efault territory 5 9ew G-RS reason &o) %i, $efault
territory 5 %etter Throu,h+ut
Can you ha2e se+arate$ 7from the
BOICE one8 si,nallin, for G-RS .
EG-RS!
Ges" you can althou,h it is not really use$
Which is the channel you are ,oin,
to use!
-%CC&
Which is the tra$e off in term of
si,nallin, usin, -%CC&!
Nee$ to use a $e$icate$ RTS' for it
What<s the im+act of G-RS traffic on
the CCC& loa$!
There is an im+act" #ut there is no e2i$ence so far of any
real #ottlenec create$ from $ata si,nallin,
Why we $on<t we use -%CC& in
CINGU'AR!
%asically %lac#erry *st ,eneration $oesn<t su+ort it
Which are the other features you can
use for cell reselection if you
im+lement -%CC&!
CF*" CF/
Which is the meanin, of CF* an$
CF/!
CF* allows you to +refer a set of %TSs) CF/ maes the
cell reselection amon, the one +refere$ from CF*
What is a -CU an$ what $oes it $o!
-acet Control Unit) Recei2es the ''C -4Us from the
SGSN an$ #reas them $own into R'C -acets for the
ra$io interface) Bice 2ersa in the o++osite $irection)
Res+onsi#le for all sche$ulin," 'A an$ ra$io resource
mana,ement for $ata
&ow many are there in a %SC!
/iS / +er %SCU" ?J* %CSU ma;" FiS 0 +er %SCU" EJ*
%CSU ma;
What is a 4S- core!
4i,ital Si,nal -rocessor core) &an$les the in$i2i$ual A#is
su#slots an$ $oes the actual wor)
&ow many are there in a -CU! *E
What is the ma;imum num#er of
E4A-s a -CU can han$le!
*E
What is the ma;imum num#er of *E
#+s A#is su#3slots a -CU can
han$le!
/@E
What is the effect on the lin #u$,et
of usin, ?-S: mo$ulation!
As ?-S: has 2aria#le am+litu$e" the am+lifier has to wor
in linear" not satuarate$" mo$e) There has to #e a +ower
#ac3off to ee+ o+eration in linear mo$e) %ac3off is / $%
for %TS" 03@ $% for MS
Outline a $imensionin, metho$ for
com#ine$ 2oice an$ $ata traffic!
Erlan, % will +ro2i$e enou,h s+are TS' to ,uarentee GoS
for 2oice) 4ata can use these) 9ormula is a choice
#etween Erlan, % an$ an a++ro;imation" which e2er
re(uires more timeslots) Num#er of TS' for $ata is $ata
loa$ $i2i$e$ #y TS' ca+acity) Total TS' re(uire$ ,i2en #y
Ma;7Erlan,%7CS8"CS traffic7E8JGuar$ TS'JTS' for $ata3
4e$icate$ TS'8J$e$icate$ TS') 9rom here wor out
TRIs an$ so on)
What is rate re$uction!
A way of inclu$in, timeslot multi+le;in, in $imensionin,
#y tain, into account CS an$ -S traffic an$ -S territory
&ow #i, can an E4A- #e! */ P E0 #+s A#is TS'
&ow many E4A-s can #e attache$
to a site!
There is no limit) It coul$ #e one +er site or one +er TRI"
althou,h this is inefficient
&ow many E4A-S can #e ma++e$
onto a sin,le T*!
As lon, as there is s+ace on the T*" there is no limit
Which are the F states of a MS in
G-RS!
Rea$y" I$le" Stan$#y
What $oes REA4G mean!
MS is transmittin, $ata or it has >ust transmitte$ $ata 1 it
is in acti2e mo$e
What $oes I4'E mean! %asically the SGSN $oesn<t now where the MS is
What $oes STAN4%G mean! SGSN nows where the MS is #ase$ on the RA resolution
&ow $o you mo2e from I4'E to
REA4G! An$ 2ice2ersa!
Attach an$ 4etach
&ow $o you mo2e from REA4G to
STAN4%G! An$ 2ice2ersa!
REA4G 33A STAN4%G . timer) STAN4%G 33A REA4G >ust
if you sen$ or recei2e $ata
&ow $o you mo2e from STAN4%G to
I4'E! An$ 2ice2ersa!
G-RS 4etach" either im+licit or throu,h a timer
What is a T%9 in EG-RS! Tem+orary %loc 9low
Is the T%9 in #oth $irections! no" uni$irectional
Can the same T%9 #e #i3$irectional
7let<s say lie a 2oice call8!
no
Which is the #asic si,nallin, in or$er
to maintain an U' T%9!
U' T%9 an$ in 4' >ust AC:
Which is the #asic si,nallin, in or$er
to maintain an U' T%9!
4' T%9 an$ in U' >ust AC:
What is the effect of +uttin, $ata on
a ho++in, TRI!
With no +ower control there is increase interference to the
ho++in, layer
What is the main o#>ecti2e of
EG-RS o+timisation!
To ma;imise user throu,h+ut
In EG-RS" how is this achie2e$!
Mostly throu,h" ca+acity im+ro2ements) C.I im+ro2ements
will affect the MCS #ut this is line$ to GSM) 9or EGR-S
only we can +lay with TRIs" 4e$ TS'" E4A-" -CU" G#
If a TRI is %':3SGS when EGENA
is turne$ on" what is the most
+ro#a#ly cause!
GTRI5G an$ the TRI is not attache$ to the E4A-
Name some EG-RS :-Is
Throu,h+ut" T%9 est fail" T%9 fail" T%9 lost $ue to flush or
MS lost" GMS: share of EG-RS" T%9.TS'" -ayloa$"
E4A- con,estion 7mins.G#8" territory u+,ra$e re>ects"
territory $own,ra$es" -CU con,estion
What is -oC! -ush3to3Tal o2er Cellular) It is a real3time ser2ice
What elements nee$ to #e a$$e$ for
-oC!
-oC Ser2er" +ossi#le -resence ser2er
&ow is EG-RS use$ for -oC!
It is merely a trans+ort layer" -oC is a ser2ice that uses
EG-RS
Are there re3transmission in -oC! Not from the -oC ser2er) EG-RS uses normal al,orithm
What :-Is are use$ in -oC!
Start to Tal 7STT8 time" Boice Throu,h 4elay
7BT48"Glitches 7$elay in +acet arri2al8" 'ost $ata8" Roun$
Tri+ 4elay 7RTT8 7$e+en$s on user reaction8
What 2alues are normally e;+ecte$
for STT an$ BT4!
STTS U/s" BT4S U0s
What is the
a$2anta,es.$isa$2anta,es of a low
initial MCS
A$2S ,reater +ossi#ility of the $ata #ein, $eco$e$ for MSs
in #a$ (uality) 4isS 'ess ran,e if ?-S: $ue to +ower #ac3
off
4efine a Microcell
A small ca+acity cell with an antenna not more than @m in
hei,ht
What is the #est +osition for a
microcell antenna!
In a ,ri$ system" on the si$e of a #uil$in,) Not on a corner
otherwise the canyon streets will +ro+a,ate the si,nal too
far) In a non ,ir$ system" si$e or corner of the #uil$in,
where2er #est ser2es the tar,et area)
What are the $isa$2anta,es of a
micro cell!
9ast mo2in, mo#iles may select it an$ then lea2e the
co2era,e area 2ery fast) 'ocal con,estion #ecause of
hi,h traffic
&ow can these #e sol2e$!
Use C/ +enalty time to mae the cell attracti2e only to
slow mo#iles) Run the cell as #arre$ an$ use hierarchical
han$o2ers to mo2e the calls from the o2erlayin, macros
Name some R9 systems use$ in in3
#uil$in, cells
Acti2e or +assi2e 4istri#ute$ Antenna Systems 74AS8"
leay fee$ers" Ga,is in the lift shaft)
If you $on<t now an answer to a
(uestion where $o you loo!
NE4" Wum+" Quic+lace" mailin, lists" ETSI S+ecs" Noia
9eature 4escri+tions" Trainin, course material)
Why $on<t we su,,est to ha2e a
#i,,er 4E9AU'T TERRITORG!
More intracell &o) Eat u+ -CU ca+acity