COMMON CHEMICAL REACTIONS

1. ACID + BASE SALT + WATER

e.g. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H
2
O
2. ACID + METAL OXIDE SALT + WATER
e.g. H
2
SO
4
(aq) CaO(s) CaSO
4
(s) + H
2
O
3. ACID + METAL SALT + HYDROGEN
e.g. 2HNO
3
(aq) + Zn(s) Zn(NO
3
)
2
(aq) + H
2
(g)
4. ACID + CARBONATE SALT + WATER + CARBON DIOXIDE
e.g. 2HCl(aq) + CuCO
3
(s) CuCl
2
(aq)

+ H
2
O(l) + CO
2
(g)
5. ACID + HYDROGENCARBONATE SALT + WATER + CARBON DIOXIDE
e.g. 2HCl(aq) + Mg(HCO
3
)
2
(s) MgCl
2
(aq) + 2H
2
O(l) + 2CO
2
(g)
6. REACTIVE METAL + WATER METAL HYDROXIDE + HYDROGEN
e.g. 2Na(s) + 2H
2
O(l) 2NaOH(aq) + H
2
(g)
7. METAL + OXYGEN METAL OXIDE
e.g. 4Fe(s) + 3O
2
(g) 2 Fe
2
O
3
(s)
8. NONMETAL + OXYGEN NONMETAL OXIDE
S(s) + O
2
(g) SO
2
(g)
!. NONMETAL OXIDE + WATER ACID
e.g. SO
3
(g) + H
2
O(l) H
2
SO
4
(aq)
1". NONMETAL OXIDE + BASE SALT + WATER
e.g. CO
2
(g) + 2KOH(aq) K
2
CO
3
(aq) + H
2
O(l)
11. METAL OXIDE + WATER METAL HYDROXIDE
e.g. MgO(s) + H
2
O(l) Mg(OH)
2
Balance the follo!ng equat!ons"
1. Ca(OH)
2
+ HCl CaCl
2
+ H
2
O
2. Mg + HCl MgCl
2
+ H
2
3. (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
+ H
3
#O
4
(NH
4
)
3
#O
4
+ H
2
O + CO
2
4. KOH + H
2
SO
4
K
2
SO
4
+

H
2
O
5. $l(OH)
3
+ H
3
#O
4
$l#O
4
+ H
2
O
6. Ca + HCl CaCl
2
+ H
2
7. K
2
CO
3
+ HNO
3
KNO
3
+ H
2
O + CO
2
8. Ca(OH)
2
+ H
2
SO
4
CaSO
4
+ H
2
O
9. NaHCO
3
+ H
3
#O
4
Na
3
#O
4
+ H
2
O + CO
2
10. $lCl
3
+ $gNO
3
$gCl + $l(NO
3
)
3
11. Zn + HNO
3
Zn(NO
3
)
2
+ H
2
12. Ca(OH)
2
+ H
3
#O
4
Ca
3
(#O
4
)
2
+ H
2
O
13. Na
2
CO
3
+ HNO
3
NaNO
3
+ H
2
O + CO
2
14. Mg + H
3
#O
4
Mg
3
(#O
4
)
2
+ H
2
15. $l(OH)
3
+ HCl $lCl
3
+ H
2
O
16. (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
+ HNO
3
NH
4
NO
3
+ H
2
O

+ CO
2
17. KHCO
3
+ H
3
#O
4
K
3
#O
4
+ H
2
O + CO
2
18. Mg + HNO
3
Mg(NO
3
)
2
+ H
2
19. K
2
CO
3
+ HNO
3
KNO
3
+ H
2
O + CO
2
20. $l(OH)
3
+ H
2
SO
4
$l
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ H
2
O

%&!te the che'!cal fo&'ulae fo& the &eactants an( )&o(ucts !n these &eact!ons an( *alance the equat!ons.
+. #otass!u' h,(&ogenca&*onate + n!t&!c ac!( - )otass!u' n!t&ate + ate& + ca&*on (!o.!(e
2. alu'!n!u' ca&*onate
heat
alu'!n!u' o.!(e + ca&*on (!o.!(e
3. !&on(///) ca&*onate + h,(&ochlo&!c ac!( !&on(///) chlo&!(e + ate& + ca&*on (!o.!(e
4. co))e&(//) sulfate + !&on !&on(//) sulfate + co))e&
5. a''on!u' h,(&o.!(e + sulfu&!c ac!( a''on!u' sulfate + ate&
6. ch&o'!u' h,(&o.!(e + sulfu&!c ac!( ch&o'!u' sulfate + ate&
7. !&on(///) o.!(e + ca&*on !&on + ca&*on (!o.!(e
0. a''on!u' h,(&ogenca&*onate
heat
a''on!u' ca&*onate + ate& + ca&*on (!o.!(e
9. )otass!u' + ate& )otass!u' h,(&o.!(e + h,(&ogen gas
10. so(!u' h,(&o.!(e + sulfu&!c ac!( so(!u' sulfate + ate&
11. 'agnes!u' + o.,gen gas 'agnes!u' o.!(e
12. so(!u' + ate& so(!u' h,(&o.!(e + h,(&ogen gas
13. alu'!n!u' ca&*onate + h,(&ochlo&!c ac!( alu'!n!u' chlo&!(e + ate& + ca&*on (!o.!(e
+4. 1!nc o.!(e + )hos)ho&!c ac!( - 1!nc )hos)hate + ate&
+2. a''on!u' ca&*onate + n!t&!c ac!( - a''on!u' n!t&ate + ca&*on (!o.!(e + ate&
Fo& each of the follo!ng3 &!te a *alance( che'!cal equat!on. /nclu(e onl, those s)ec!es that actuall,
ta4e )a&t !n the &eact!ons (!.e.3 o'!t all s)ectato& s)ec!es).
+. C&,stals of )otass!u' ca&*onate a&e (eco')ose( *, heat to fo&' sol!( )otass!u' o.!(e an(
ca&*on (!o.!(e gas.
2. Sol!( so(!u' 'etal !s &eacte( !th chlo&!ne gas to g!5e a h!te )o(e& of so(!u' chlo&!(e.
3. 6es)!&at!on3 the &eact!on that occu&s !n the cells of all l!5!ng o&gan!s's3 con5e&ts glucose
(C
7
H
+2
O
7
) an( o.,gen !nto ca&*on (!o.!(e an( ate&.
4. Sol!( *a&!u' 'etal &eacts !th (!lute h,(&ochlo&!c ac!( )&o(uc!ng h,(&ogen gas an( a colou&less3
con(uct!ng solut!on.
2. $ solut!on of so(!u' sulf!(e !s '!.e( !th a solut!on of co))e&(//) n!t&ate3 )&o(uc!ng a *lac4
)&ec!)!tate.
7. So(!u' h,(&o.!(e solut!on !s a((e( to 'agnes!u' chlo&!(e solut!on )&o(uc!ng a h!te
)&ec!)!tate an( a colou&less con(uct!ng solut!on.
8. Sulfu& t&!o.!(e gas !s *u**le( th&ough ate& to )&o(uce sulfu&!c ac!(.
0. C&,stals of lea((//) n!t&ate a&e (eco')ose( *, heat to fo&' sol!( lea( (//) o.!(e3 n!t&ogen (!o.!(e
an( o.,gen gas.