Error Associated With Echo-Sounder.

1. Stylus Speed Error.

This is occurred due to the changes in the speed of the Stylus.
2. Velocity of Propagation Error
The velocity of Acoustic waves vary according to temperature, Pressure, or Salinity Changes.
The Salinity and Temperature have a large effect on the Acoustic Waves.
3. Multiple echoes
It is occurred because the Acoustic waves travels a number of times between the bottom of the ship
and Sea bed. Phasing Facility must be used to eliminate multiple echoes, Eco Sounder must be
started at lowest scale.
4. Zero Line Adjustment Error
The Zero Line indicator must be correct to get the correct depth.
5. Pythagoras Error
This error is coursed when two transducer is fitted, The cause of error is related to Spacing between
the Transmitting Transducer and Receiving Transducer.
6. Thermal and density Layers.
The Faint Layer caused due to the return of the waves in each Ocean Layers. These Layers are
formed due to the Different Salinity and temperature. It Appears on the Graph between Zero and
Actual Depth.