phenotype PL Pl pL Pl

Observe (O) 284 21 21 55

Expected ratio 9/16 3/16 3/16 1/16
Expected (E) 214,3125 71,4375 71,4375 23,8125

Expected is from = expected ratio X total progeny observed

Total number of progeny is 381 individuals.
Chi-square formula is X
2
= {(o-e)
2
}/e
Phenotype PL Pl pL pl
O-E 284-214,3125 21-71,4375 21-71,4375 55-23,8125
69,6875 -50,4375 -50,4375 31,1875
(O-E)
2
4856,347656 2543,941406 2543,941406 972,660
(O-E)
2
/ E 22,67 35,61 35,61 40,85
(O-E)
2
/ E 134,74

DF= phenotype-1
DF= 4-1 = 3

Look to the r= 3 (df)
And = 5% or 0,05 (in 0,950 row)
The value is 7,815, because the X
2
counting > X
2
table
So the hypothesis that the alel segragate freely(independently) and all equaly viable are rejected.
How about linkage???
Notice That homozygote recessive only can be inherited If Two pl genotype are met.
So 55/341= 0,16~
So if probabilitas of ppll is probabilitas of pl times pl, so if the ppll is 0,16 then the pl is the square
root of 0,16, then pl is 0,4.
Next pl is one of the parental genotype beside PL, so the sum of parental is (PL+pl) is 0,4+0,4= 0,8....
Then the recombinan is 0,2 or 20%.

So the distance is 20 mU.
PL (0,4) Pl (0,1) pL (0,1) pl (0,4)
PL (0,4) PPLL (0,16) PPLl (0,04) PpLL (0,04) PpLl (0,16)
Pl (0,1) PPLl (0,04) PPll (0,01) PpLl (0,01) Ppll (0,04)
pL (0,1) PpLL (0,04) PpLl (0,01) ppLL (0,01) ppLl (0,04)
pl (0,4) PpLl (0,16) Ppll (0,04) ppLl (0,04) Ppll (0,16)

Expected is from = expected ratio X total progeny observed
phenotype PL Pl pL Pl
Observe (O) 284 21 21 55
Expected ratio 0,66 0,09 0,09 0,16
Expected (E) 251,46 34,29 34,29 60,96
O-E 32,54 -13,29 -13,29 -5,96
(O-E)
2
1058,8516 176,6241 176,6241 35,5216
(O-E)
2
/ E 4,21 5,15 5,15 0,42
(O-E)
2
/ E 14,93

DF= phenotype-1
DF= 4-1 = 3

Look to the r= 3 (df)
And = 5% or 0,05 (in 0,950 row)
The value is 7,815, because the X
2
counting > X
2
table
Still the hypotesis for lingkage is rejected.


If compared, from linked or not, it is more likely to be linked.... but still not well accepted in 0,05.