3opnnx paona xonqepennnje Pasnoj ac1ponounje xo Cpa IV

Beorpa 22-26. anpnn 2006,

ypennx M. C. nun1pnjennh
Hyn. Ac1p. pym. Pyep Bomxonnh p. 7, 2007, 447-452
447
HPHMEPH APXEOACTPOHOMH1E Y APXEOAOIH1H
HEHTPAAHOI BAAKAHA
FOPHCHAB JOBAHOBHT
Apxeo.ouru uucmumym, Beoepao
Pesnue. Kparax nperne xopnmhena npnnx acrponomcxnx snana y npancropnjn
Henrpannor Fanxana camo je nornpa sa nnxono nocrojane a ne nnxono nornynnje
nosnanane. Taxo npno cycperane ca npnponnm cnnama nopeheno je nnxonom
enonany na xnnor n norpee npnonrnnx sajennna. Hpno nonesnnane ca mexannxom
neecxnx rena, nennom n ronmnom, ncnoanajy rex nonynannje neonnra n
eneonnra. Horpenn pnryann nocnnana merannnx oa npancropnje ce mehycono
pasnnxyjy y nojennocrnma, ox je sajennuxo nspasnro nomronane cynna n
nosnanane ocnonnnx enemenara neronor xperana. Beh y mnahem rnosenom oy
pennrnosna neponana cy cncremarnsonana n ]ynxnnonanno ocnocoena sa cnojy
pymrneny mncnjy. Hajsa, npu ns Honreca je oxas a jeape creueno npnmapno
snane o xocmocy n cnonem cnery npancropnjcxnx yn onnpe xpos yrorpajne
nacnare rpannnje n o camor xpnmhancrna.
Ysajamna capana nsmehy apxeonornje n apxeoacrponomnje ocrnapnnana ce
y Cpnjn npnencrneno na nanasnmrnma ncrpaxennm y ononoj mepn a
nocrnrnyrn pesynrarn mory a yy pasmarpann n onom
nnrepncnnnnnnapnom meroom. Hapajajyhn raxo ocrnapeny, sa caa cxpomny
capany y penarnnno xpononomxom peocney, raa rpea nouern ca
Henencxnm Bnpom, enonnmnnm nanasnmrem anac neh uynene xynrype pane
npancropnje Tepancxe xnncype. 3nauaj n crpyxrypa re xynrype osnonnnn cy
ayropnma xojn cy npoyuanann cnmonnunn capxaj nene cnoxene ymernocrn
onaxan yonmren cy: "Hpe ce +opa sar+y:umu oa apxumermypa Heneucroe
Bupa ycnocmae+a +aeu:uy +ehysaeucuocm ("+ucmu:ua napmuunaufa")
us+ehy cmpyrmype roc+oca u cmpyrmype +yocroe me.a, oouocuo oa fe npuras
uacmaura u cr.ona cee+upa..."
1
Hexponone ca pyra na nacea Henencxe xynrype, Bnacna y nenocpenoj
nnsnnn Henencxor Bnpa n Hanne y xnncypn Iocnohnnor Bnpa jacno
nnycrpyjy nosnnnje rpoona nsnan yonuajene meme xapnnannnx npanana
1
Cpejonnh ., Faonnh .: 1983, V+emuocm Heneucroe Bupa, Feorpa, 45.
FOPHCHAB JOBAHOBHT
448
opnjenrannje. Ty ynory npeysnma caa cam ynan, raunnje peueno npanan
neronor roxa. Haneosoonomxe anannse ca nacea nenencxe xynrype y Iopnoj
xnncypn Tepana cneoue ne camo o mnpoxom ynpaxnanany pnonona, neh n
npnmenn rexnnxe nocene npcre ynona mopyna n jecerpn n ro npnmepaxa
nsyserne nennunne. Mopyne n jecerpe cy nne o nennxe npenocrn sa ony
xynrypy sor ycraennx ronmnnx mnrpannja na penannjn Hpno Mope
Cpene Hoynane, ann n nennxnx xonnunna nxpe, nosnare no
nncoxoxanopnunoj capxnnn n norone sa yrorpajny ynorpey. 3a ynon re
npcre mopcxopeunnx pna nno je norpeno ncxycrno y xonexrnnnom
pnapeny, cacnnm pasnnunro y nopeheny ca pyrnm pnononnnm rexnnxama y
mesonnry n panom neonnry Hoynana; orya je n nponcrexno xynrno
nomronane ynana, nennxe pexe xoja ysnpaha saonoananem cnnx xnnornnx
norpea nonynannje naceene yx ycxnx oana Knncype. Crora cy ympnn
unanonn rnx npnmapnnx pnapcxnx sajennna no npannny caxpannnann
napanenno ca roxom ynana, rneajyhn ysnono n nnsnono, nnn cy
nocranann ynpanno na pexy, oxpenyrn xa noj nnnem, uecro y ceehem
nonoxajy, ca npexpmrennm norama.
2
Crporo nomronane xapnnannnx rauaxa xopnsonra cycpehe ce rex y
norpenom pnryany neonnrcxor n pano eneonnrcxor nepnoa. oap npnmep
npyxa mana nexponona nnnuancxe xynrype na Iomonann, xoja npnnaa panom
eneonnry n capxn rpoone ca nnxymannjom yxynno 22 n noxojnnnnma
nonoxennm y rnnnunom srpuenom nonoxajy. Ipoonn cy opnjenrncann ncrox-
sana, ca opehennm ocrynanem xa cenepy n jyry. Hpema xncrorpamy
nexponone caxpane cy npmene y oxnnpy asnmyra nsnacxa cynna y roxy nerner
n snmcxor concrnnaja. Hpn rome ce nsnajajy na nepnoa nehe cmprnocrn:
nponehno-nernn n nponehno-jecenn, ca nsysernnm cmanenem roxom snmcxnx
mecenn.
3
Cnnunn onocn nsmehy poja ympnnx n npemena caxpannnana sanaxenn cy
na nexpononn panor eneonnra Honoxan xo Honor Knexenna; asnmyr je
nsmepen sa 17 o yxynno 28 ncrpaxennx rpoona. One je mehyrnm pasnnxa y
pojy yxona nsmehy snmcxor n nponehno/jecener nepnoa nspaxena y onocy
na Iomonany.
4
Hexponona panor ponsanor oa y Moxpnny xo Knxnne je jena o
perxnx cncremarcxn ncrpaxennx, ca yxynno 312 orxonannx rpoona.
2
Cpejonnh .: 1969, Heneucru Bup, Hoea npaucmopufcra ry.mypa y Hooyuae+y,
Feorpa, 239.
Cpejonnh ., Hernna 3.: 1978, B.aca, Meso.umcro uace+e y 1epoany, 53-82.
Jonanonnh F.: 2004, Padina and Hajducka Vodenica sites of Lepenski Vir culture in
Upper and Lower Gorges in the Iron Gates, Late Foragers and Early Farmers of the
Lepenski Vir Schela Cladovei Culture in the Iron Gates Gorges, Actes du XIVme
Congrs UISPP, Universit de Lige, 55-59.
3
Bnnne A.: Opufeumaufa cre.ema ua ueru+ npaucmopufcru+ .ora.umemu+a y Cpoufu
(pyxonnc nnnomcxor paa), Feorpa, 1998, 21, cn. 12.
4
Ipuxn Crannmnpon, C., Crannmnpon Ipuxn, C.: 1998, Eneonnrcxo n
cpenenexonno nanasnmre xo Honoxana. I.acuur Cpn. apx. opyumea 13, 89-94.
HPHMEPH APXEOACTPOHOMHJE Y APXEOHOIHJH HEHTPAHHOI FAHKAHA
449
Opnjenrannja rponnx paxa je ocneno cnponeena npema oconnnn cenep-jyr,
ox cy ympnn nonarann y srpuenom nonoxajy. ann ca ynannom pasnnxom y
onocy na opnjenrannjy ncrox-sana: mymxapnn cy nnnem oxpenyrn npema
ncroxy a xene npema sanay. Camnm rnm cy noxojnnnn caxpannnann y
opnyrom cmepy mymxapnn ca rnanom na cenepy, xene na jyry. Ocrynana
o onnx nonoxaja cy cpasmepno perxa n nemajy onyncxo ojamnene y
ocrannm enemenrnma pnryana.
5
Toxom ponsanor oa npeonnaana pnryan cnannana ympnnx
(nnnnnepannja), unjn cy xpemnpann ocrann cranann y ypne, xoje ce yxonanajy
yrnannom no rpynama. Opnjenrannja raxnnx rpoona rex je ocxopa npemer
ncrpaxnnana, ca npernocranxom a cy npnnnxom yxonanana nomronane
crpane cnera, ann es ncrnnana nno xoje o nnx. Ha cnnuan naunn npn
caxpannnany y rponnm xymxama/rymynnma nomryje ce npnencrneno xpyxna
ocnona ojexra xao caxpanna nennna y xojoj je nenrpannn rpo najcrapnjn,
npexo xora je n nsnpmeno npnmapno nacnnane xymxe.
Kpyxnn rnnnenn npnnesax ns oxonnne Hanuena, aronan y cpene
ponsano oa Fanara (Barnncxa xynrypa) yxpamen je ca oe crpane xpyxnnm
n reomerpnjcxnm mornnnma, cmemrennm y xonnenrpnunnm xpyronnma.
Cnoxena opnamenrnxa na npnnecxy je nporymauena xao xanenap nspaxen
nymepnuxnm cnmonnma, xojn cy opas pnrmnuxor xperana cynna n mecena.
6
Cnnuan norpenn pnryan je npnmenen y xymxama crapnjer rnosenor oa,
mehy xojnma xnexencxn rpoonn ca xpaja VI n. cr. epe n npne nononnne V n. cr.
epe saysnmajy noceno mecro. Jenncrneny nojany nonesnnana norpenor
pnryana ca npnmapnom memom conapnor n nynapnor xanenapa npyxnna je
xnexencxa nexponona onor nepnoa y Arennnn xo uauxa.
7
3annmnn npnmep xanenapa semopannuxnx cnerxonnna npercrana
opnamenranna xomnosnnnja na xpuary ns Honreca (Tpajanonor mocra xo
Knaona), aronanor na xpaj III n. none epe o cpenne IV n. none epe.
exopannja xpuara nsneena rnauanem n noeena na rpn ]pnsa, jacno
noxasyje cynuene cnmone y opnamenrannnm nonma 1 n 2, xao xonnenrpnune
cnnpane n xpyrone y noy 4, a sarnm xao cnacrnxy y noy 6. 3nauene
opnamenara rpea rymaunrn ysnmajyhn y osnp cne enemenre na cna rpn ]pnsa,
xao n na pmnn cya (cn. 1a-b). Hpnxasann pennrnosnn xonnenr semopannxa
ns Honreca naneenor npemena, xao n oronapajyhn xynr, yxnanajy ce y
nocrojehn pennrnosnn cncrem semopannuxnx xynrypa nponnnnnje Iopne
5
Bnnne A., Jonanonnh F., Bnnne H., Bnnne .: 1996, Astronomical Orientations of
Graves and Skeletons in Gomolava and Mokrin, Publications of the Astronomical
Observatory of Belgrade, 54, 199-202.
6
Faonnh .: 1999, Prehistoric orb of the world and lunisolar calendar from Nayeva
brickyard near Pancevo, Publ. Astron. Obs. Belgrade, 65, 143.
7
Jonanonnh F.: 2004, prnena xoncrpyxnnja ns xnexencxe nexponone y Arennnn xo
uauxa, npnmep mepena npemena y crapnjem rnosenom oy Henrpannor Fanxana,
3opnnx paona xon]epennnje "Pasnoj acrponomnje xo Cpa III" (M. nmnrpnjennh
ype.), Feorpa 319-327.
FOPHCHAB JOBAHOBHT
450
Mesnje, ann n mnpe. Cnnpnryanno nacnehe onnx sajennna non npno
neponarno cnoje nopexno y npancropnjn a nacrana a xnnn y rpannnjn panor
cpener nexa sanpano acnmnnonano y xpnmhancxnm npasnnnnma.
8
Cnnxa 1a-: Bpu ns Honreca, III - IV nex none epe, yxpamen rpocrpyxnm
]pnsom npercrana conapnnx cnmona (noa 1-6).
8
Herxonnh C.: A Jug from Pontes Decorated with Solar and Lunar Symbols, Cmapuuap
XLII, 97-106, cn. 1-2.
HPHMEPH APXEOACTPOHOMHJE Y APXEOHOIHJH HEHTPAHHOI FAHKAHA
451
Kparax nperne xopnmhena npnnx acrponomcxnx snana y npancropnjn
Henrpannor Fanxana camo je nornpa sa nnxono nocrojane, a ne n nnxono
nornynnje nosnanane. Haa y oun a ce npno cycperane ca npnponnm cnnama
nopehyje nnxonom nenocpenom enonany na xnnor n norpee npnonrnnx
sajennna raxo na Bnacny, nacey xynrype Henencxor Bnpa pnryan
caxpannnana crojn y najyxoj nesn ca roxom ynana. Hosnnnja ympnnx je
npomennna, ann ce npe cnera nomryje onoc npema nennxoj penn n npanny
nenor roxa; ceehn nonoxaj ca npexpmrennm norama, n nnnem noxojnnxa
oxpenyrom ynany, nnje no nononen y npancropnjn Hoynana nocne
sanpmerxa xnnora xynrype Henencxor Bnpa.
Yenno nonesnnane ca mexannxom neecxnx rena, nennom n
ronmnom, ncnoanajy rex nonynannje neonnra n eneonnra Hoynana.
Pnrmnuxo xperane cynna n mecena no cranno nonananoj nyrann npexo
neecxor cnoa, najneponarnnje je ocnona onjena nenocpennm ocmarpanem,
sa noeny xopnsonra na xapnnanne rauxe onocno crpane cnera. Hpnn
xanenapn, nynapnn n ypso sarnm conapnn, youanajy ycrnapn opeheny
npemencxy sanncnocr nsmehy xperana neecxnx rena n npnponnx nnxnyca
nererannje na semn, xao n noene na ronmna oa.
Horpenn pnryan nonynannja nocnnana merannnx oa npancropnje ce
mehycono pasnnxyje y nojennocrnma sajennuxo je ynex nspasnro
nomronane cynna n nosnanane ocnonnnx enemenara neronor xperana. Kynr
cynna je y rom nepnoy nosnar n npema nnxonnnm/caxpannnm cnmonnma, xao
n crporom npnpxanany npnnnxom caxpana oce ncrox-sana, ca opnjenrannjom
noxojnnxa xa ncroxy.
Hncrnrynnja caxpannnx mecra sa npmene opehennx xynrnnx pann,
cnernnnmra, oxas je n nocrojana jacno ]opmynncannx pennrnosnnx neponana
mnrona ycmepennx na cxnarane cnera n ojamnena neronor nocranxa.
Bpeno je n mecro npeaxa y rnm npnnm casnannma o cnery, xojn ce npocrnpe
nsnan cnaxonennor xopnsonra canpemennx yn.
Beh y mnahem rnosenom oy pennrnosna neponana cy cncremarnsonana n
]ynxnnonanno ocnocoena sa cnojy pymrneny mncnjy. uynenn nanas
xprnenor xorna y Iynecrpyna y ancxoj, unje ce nopexno rpaxn y
Kapnarcxom aceny nnn Cpenem Hoynany, npnxasyje na cnom ]pnsy o
nnounna cpepnor nnma nanreon Kenra, ca oronnma samnmennm y ycxom
onnxy. Hajsa, npu ns Honreca je oxas a jeape creuena npnmapna snana o
xocmocy n cnonom cnery npancropnjcxnx yn onnpy xpos yrorpajne
nacnare rpannnje n o camor xpnmhancrna.
FOPHCHAB JOBAHOBHT
452
EXAMPLES OF ARCHAEOASTRONOMY IN ARCHAEOLOGY OF
CENTRAL BALKAN
A short review of the first astronomical knowledges usage in the prahistory of Central
Balkan is only a confirmation of their existence and not their more complete knowledge.
The first encounter with natural forces is submissed to its acting on life and necessities of
first communities. The first connection with mechanics of cellestial bodies, dayly and
annual, is expressed not earlier than by populations of neolyte and eneolyte. Already in
earlier iron age, religious belivings are systematized and enabled for their social mission.
Finally, the jug from Pontes is a proove that once obtained primary knowledge about
cosmos and external world of prahistoric people reach, through the long lasting layers of
tradition and to the christianity.