Building Chips

1
MOS Transistors
metal
oxide
semiconductor
PMOS (P-type MOS)
NMOS (N-type MOS)
Gate V
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
0
Gate V
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
0
MOS FET
(Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor
Field Effect Transistor)
CMOS Logic
Pull-up network
Pull-down network
1.8V -- Logic One
0V -- Logic Zero
Q = 0 A = 1
1
0
Q =1
1
0
A = 0
Tri-gate Transistors
4
5
6
Building Blocks: Wires
Building Chips
Chips are made of silicon
Aka sand
The most abundant element in the
earths crust.
Extremely pure (<1 part per billion)
This is the purest stuff people make
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=35
jWSQXku74
1-2 Billion xtrs
22nm features
3-4 Ghz
Several 100
designers
>5 years
$6Billion fab
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