uhsfl%da lkafgda,hla hkq l=ulao @

fuhg Èh yels ir<u ms<s;=r kï ;ks Ñmhla u; msysg jQ l=vd mß>klhla hkakhs' tu ksid
fuhg fndfyda úg ndysßka iemhsh hq;af;a m%Þk ^ INPUTS & yd úÿ,s n,h ^ POWER & muKls'

uhsfl%da fm%dfiirhla hkq l=ulao @

fuho Ñmhla u; msysg jQ mß>klhls' kuq;a fuys l%shd ldß;ajhg wjYh RAM , ROM,
PIA , CLOCK jeks wfkl=;a WmlrK ndysßka iúl, hq;h = ' uhsfl%da fldkafgda,fha fuu WmlrK
ish,a, Ñmh ;=,u wka;¾ .; fõ'

uhsfl%da fldkafgda,fha b;sydih

uhsfl%da fm%dfii¾ fyda

lkafgda,hr fyda ^g%dkaii
s ag¾ mjd& ìysùug fmr hq.fha isgu ñksid mß>kl Ndú;d lr ;sìks'
fïjdfha l%shdldÍ Wmdx.h jQfha ßlal áhqnhhs ^VACUUM TUBE& fuh úYd," nr úfok iq¿
Wmdx.hls' 1948 § weußldfõ fn,a úoHd.drfha úoHd{hska f;m,la úiska TRANSISTOR o 1956
weursldfõ cela ls,aì úiska uq,au IC WmlrKho fidhd.;a miqj mß>kl j, m%udKh Èfkka
Èku l=vd ùu fkdj,elaúh yels lreKla úh' fï ks¾udKh ñksidf.a bmerks isyskhla jQ ;ks
Ñmhl mß>klhla (COMPUTERT ON A CHIP) hk isyskh ienE lsÍug Woõ úh'

ienE MICRO PROSSESSOR iE§u wdrïN jQfha 1969 cmdkfha BUSICOM

iud.fï úoH{hska úiska ;kk ,o hka;%hla i`oyd MICRO PROCESSOR ;ekSug W;aidy
lsÍfuka miqjhs' fuh Ndr jQfha INTEL iud.fï MARCIAN HOFF keue;a;dgh' Tyqf.a woyia
ref.k th ÈhqKq l, FEDRIGO FRANGGINS keue;a;d úiska m%:u j;djg 1971 § 4004 kñka
MICRO POSSESSOR hla fj<o fmd<g bÈßm;alrk ,§' fuu MICRO PRCESSOR h BIT
4 l MICRO POSSESSOR hla jQ w;r ;;amrhlg .Ks; l¾u 6000 la lsÍfï yelshdjlska hqla;
úh'
fï wjÈfhau weußlka iud.ula jk CTC iud.u úiska INTEL
iud.fuka yd TEXAS INSTRUMENTS iud.fuka l=vd mß>kl l%%shd lsÍu i`oyd 8 BIT
MICRO POSSESSOR hla ksmojk f,i b,a,Sula lrk ,§ wjidkfha CTC iud.u fï woyi
w;a yer ±uqj;a È.gu tA woyi Tiafia ls%hdl, wfkla iud.ï fol 1972 § f,dj m%:u 8 BIT
MICRO POSSESSORh 8008 f,djg yÿkajd fok ,§' fuh Wmfoia (INSTRUCTION) 45 lska o
16 bit u;lhlskao iukaú; jQ w;r ;;amrhlg Wmfoia 300"000 ls%hdfõ fhoùfï yelshdjlska
hqla; úh'
Bg jir 2lgmiq INTEL iud.u ksmojQ 8080 MICRO PROCESSOR h
mß>klhla l%%shd lsÍug ;rï n,j;a m,uq MICRO PROCESSOR h jk fuys wdrïN ñ, $ 360
úh'fï jk úg mß>kl lafIa;%fha isák ;j;a iud.ï lSmhla fï ks¾udKfha jákdlu
jegfykakg úh' fuhska m%Odk iud.ula jQ MOTOROLA iud.u 6800 kuq;a Tyqf.au MICRO
PROCESSOR la fj<o fmd<g bÈßm;a lf,ah' fuys ks¾ud;D jQfha CHUCK PEDDLE
keue;a;dh' fudjqka fuhg 6820 yd 6850 kñka Wmldrl CHIP 2lao bÈßm;a lrk ,§' fï w;r
CHUCK PEDDLE MOTOROLA iud.fuka bj;a ù MOS TECHNOLOGIES kñka Tyqf.au
iud.ula msysgqjd .kakd ,§'
1975 § weußldfõ mej;s WESCON m%o¾Ykfha § mqÿu iy.; fohla isÿúh' tkï MOS
iud.u Tjqka f.a m%:u MICRO CHIP tl $ 25 lg 6502 kñka bÈßm;a lsÍuhs' fndfyda fokd
is;=fõ fuh jxpdjla lshdhs 'kuq;a Tjqkaf.a MICRO CHIP b;d fydÈka úlsfkkakg úh' wfkl=;a
iud.ïo Tjqkaf.a ñ, ;r`.lÍ f,i my; fy<kakg úh'
fï w;r;=r FEDRIGO FAGGINGS o INTEL iud.fuka bj;aj ZIALOG kñka
Tyqf.au iud.ula msysgqjd .kakd ,§' 1976 § ZIA LOG iud.u ksmojQ Z80 tA oYlfha ìysjQ m%n,
MICRO CHIP hla úh'
1976 § INTEL iud.u kej; 8055 kñka m%n, MICRO PRCOESSOR hla
bÈßm;a lrk ,§' fuh Wmfoia (INSTRUCTION) 75 lska o 64 KB u;lhlskao iukaú; úh'
fuh wo olAjd osfjk mß>kl MICRO POSSESSOR yd MICRO CONTROLLER fm,l
wdrïNh úh'

1
 4004 MICRO PROCESSOR h

PENTIUM 4 MICRO PROCESSOR h

2
PIC 16F84A ye|skaùu

uhsfl%da lkafg%da,rh Y%S ,xldfõ fï ;rï ckm%sh jQfha PIC FLASH mjqf,a meñKSu;a iuÕ hehs
lsjfyd;a th w;sYfhdala;shla fkdfõ' fuu n,j;a ìÜ 8 uhsfl%da lkafg%da,rh meñKSu;a ta yd
meñKs n,j;a kuq;a mdúÉÑhg myiq uDÿldx.;a" wvq ñ,g ;kd .;yels ir, fm%da.%Eu¾ iy
FLASH mjqf,a we;s kej; kej; fm%da.%Eï lsrSfï myiqj;a fya;=fjka flfkl=g b;d wvq
ld,hlska yd úhoulska ;udf.a ks¾udKh PIC uhsfl%da lkafg%da,r wdY%s;j lr.; yel'

1980 uq, Nd.fhA MICROCHIP iud.u t<soelajQ uq,au PIC lkafg%da,r j,ska n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQfha
hï hï hka;% iQ;%j, md,k fldgia yd moaO;s iajhxl%ShlrKhhs' PIC (PERIPHERAL
INTERFACE CONTROLLER) hk joku thg idCIs imhhs' kuq;a wo jk úg úYd, mrdihl
me;sr ;sfnk PIC mjqf,a idudcslfhda moaO;s md,khg wu;r (DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
, RF CONTROLLING, INTELLIGENT POWER CONTROLLING, A TO D CONVERSIONG)
jeks úYd, mrdihl me;sr ;sfí' tu ksid wmf.a ld¾h Ndrhg jvd;a WÑ; md,lh wmg
myiqfjka f;dard.; yel' ;jo oDvdx.j,g wu;rj MICRO CHIP iud.u yd ta yd iu.dój
3 jeks md¾Yùh iud.ï o PIC MICRO CHIP i|yd ixj¾Ok uDÿldx. ksmehSfï kshe,S isà'
fuu ksid wmg f;arsula iys;j fyd|u ixj¾Ok uDÿldx. o b;d wvq ñ,g ^fyda fkdñf,au& ,nd
.ekSfï yelshdj mj;S'

uhsfl%da lkafg%da,rfha l%shdldrS;ajh u;lh (MEMORY) yd ta yd wdY%s; frcsiag¾ mokï fldg

f.k isÿfõ' PIC 16F84A wNHka;r ieleiau my; mrsos fõ'

3
Pin configuration of PIC 16F84A Block diagram of 16F84A

uhsfl%da lkafg%da,rhg úÿ,sh iemhQ úg th ;udg imhd we;s l%u f,aLkh mrSCId fldg thg
imhd we;s o;a; j,g wkql+,j mshjfrka mshjr ;u ld¾hNdrh bgq lrhs' m%odk (INPUT)
mrSCIdj " l%u f,aLkfha we;s fyda ndysrska we;=,ajk o;a; hï hï ;d¾lsl ;;aj yd .Ks; l¾u
j,g Ndckh lsrSu yd thg wkql+,j m%;sodk we;s lsrsu o fuu ld¾hNdrhg we;=<;a fõ' fuu
ld¾hNdrh ld¾hCIuj lsrsu i|yd uhsfl%da lkafg%da,rfha fuursh m%Odk fldgia 2lg fnod we;'

DATA MEMORY
PROGRAM MEMORY

PROGRAM MEMORY

uhsfl%da lkafg%da,rfha l%shd;aul jk l%uf,aLkh ^wms úiska PROGRAM lrk& r|jd .ekSu
i|yd Ndú;d lrk ia:sr u;lh (NON VOLATILE MEMORY) fukñka ye|skafõ' PIC 16F84A
WmlrKfha fuh FLASH j¾.fha EEPROM tlla jk w;r 1KB Odrs;djlska iukaú;h'

DATA MEM

fâgd fuursh o kej; fldgia 2lg fnod oelaúh yel' tkï SFR yd GPR hkqfjks' fuys GPR
hkqfjka y÷kajkafka uhsfl%da lkafg%da, tfla /ï i|yd Ndú;d lr we;s u;l m%udKhhs' fuys
ADDRESS tl OC isg 2F olajd mrdihl mj;S' ( 68 BYTE ). fuu u;lh l%u f,aLkh
l%shd;aul jk w;r;=r we;s jk úp,Hhka r|jd ;eîu i|yd Ndú;d lrk ;djld,sl u;lhls'

SFR hg;g .efkkafka uhsfl%da lkafg%da, tfla l%shdldrS;ajh i|yd fm,.iajd we;s ( PORTA
,TRISA, TIMER0) jeks úúO frcsiagrhkah' fï tl tl .ek iúia;rj ó<Õ mrsÉfPaofhka
oek.; yel'

o;a; yeisrùfï myiqj i|yd uq¿ fuurshu BANK 2 lg fnod ;sfí' Tn úúO frcsiagr j,ska
lshjk yd tajdg ,shk úg kshñ; BANK tl SELECT lr we;s njg j.n,d .; hq;=h'

4
 fuursh BANK 2 lg fnodwe;s wdldrh'

PIC 16F84A úfYAIdx.

PIC 16F84A uhsfl%da Ñma iud.u úiska Tjqkaf.a merKs 16C84 OTP uhsfl%da lkafg%da,h
fjkqjg bosrsm;a lrk ,o FLASH ;dCIKfhka hq;a uhsfl%da lkafg%da,rhls' fuys úfYAIdx.
my; oelafõ'
• úOdk 35la muKs'
• BRANCHING INSTRUCTION yereKq fldg wfkla ish¨u INSTRUCTION tl
pl%hlska bgq lrhs'
• 20MHz olajd l%shdl< yels >áldj (CLOCK INPUT)
• jpk 1024 (1 KB) fm%da.%Eï fuursh
• nhsÜ 68 l RAM tl
• ìÜ 14 m<, úOdk jpkh( COMMAND WORD)
• ìÜ 8 m<, o;a; jpkh ( DATA WORD )
• mshjr 8 oDvdx. STACK frcsiagrh
• w.% 13 la m%Þk$ m%;sodk i|yd fjkafldg we;'
• iEu w.%hgu 25mA Odrdjla oersh yels ksid LED iDcqju CHIP tlg iúl< yel'
• ìÜ 8l oDvdx. TIMER folla (TIMERO iy WATCH DOG TIMER&
• 10"000 jrla kej; ,súh yels fm%da.%Euh fuursh
• 10"000"000 jrla kej; ,súh yels EEPROM tl
• foda,l j¾. 3 f;dard .; yel'

5
PIC 16F84A MEMORY MAP

EEPROM

iiïNdù u;lh
RAM

6
frcsiagAr
uhsfl%da lkafg%da,rfha ls%hdldrS;Ajhg iyh jk uQ,sl ;ekqï tAllh jk fuh FLIP-FLOP 8 lA
tl;= ùfukA iE§ we;¡

A GENARAL PURPOSE 8 BIT REGISTOR

W REGISTOR

WORKING REGISTER kñka o ye|skafõ' PIC 16F ldKavfha uhsfl%da lkafg%da, j, frcsiag¾
w;r iDcqj o;a; yqjudre l, fkdyels ksid o;a; yqjudrej w;rueos frcsiagrh jYfhka w
registor Ndú;d fõ'

MOVFW 0X0C MOVWF PORTB

0X0F 0X0F NOW TO PORTB

FROM MEMORY TO W REGISTOR
LOCATION 0X0C

0X0F hk w.h 0X0C hk RAM LOCATION tfla isg PORTB tlg TRANSFER lsrSu'

ALU REGISTOR

uhsfl%da lkafg%da,rh;=, .Ks; l¾u isÿlsrsu i|yd odhl jkafka fuu frcsiagrhhs' fuhg tl;=
lsrsu" wvq lsrSu" fnoSu" jeä lsrsu hk uQ,sl .Ks; l¾u yereKq fldg (OR, NOR, NOT, AND,
NAND, XOR, XNOR hkdoS nQ,shka .Ks; l¾u o BIT SHIFTING, BIT ROTATING wdoS BIT
ORIENTED l%shdldrlï o l< yel'
kuq;a 16F84 jeks uOHu mjqf,a uhsfl%da lkafg%da,r j, oS fuu .Ks; l¾u fndfyduhla uDÿldx.
wdY%s;j flfrk ksid ta i|yd ie,lsh hq;= ld,hla .; fõ' ;j o fï i|yd ixlS¾K uDÿldx.
Wml%u yd W.=,a Ndú;d l, hq;=h' kuq;a 18F xxx hk Wiia mjQ,a j, ALU tl ;=, øDvdx.
wdY%s; .=Kl ( HARDWARE MULTIPLIERS ) we;s ksid b;d blaukska yd wvq uDÿldx. Woõ
j,ska (LESS SOFTWARE SUPPORT ) .Kkh lr yel'

7
PROGRAM COUNTER

uhsfl%da lkafg%da,r tfla ls%hd ldÍjk l%u f,aLKh PROGRAM MEMORY tl ;=, we;af;a fma,s
jYfhks' iEu fma,sulgu wxlhla (ADDRESS) tlla we;' fuu fma,s ACCESS lsÍu i|yd fuu
ADDRESS tl r|jdf.k isák frcsiagrh PROGRAM COUNTER kï fõ' fuh PROGRAM
tl wdrïNfha§ fyda RESTART tfla§ 0000 0000 w.hla .kS' bka miq .Áld iamkaohla
iu.( CLOCK PULSE) PROGRAM COUNTER tfla w.h tllska jeä fõ' ^00000001& bka miq
ls%hd ldÍ jkafka fuu fmA,sfha we;s ùOdkhhs' fuf,i .Áld iamkaokfhka iamkaohg program
counter tfla w.h tlska tl jeäfjñka úOdk l%shdfõ fhdojhs' fuu ms,sfj, CALL, GOTO,
RETURN ,RETLW wd§ BRANCHING INSTRUCTIONS i|yd mukla fjkia fõ'

STACK POINTER

MAIN PROGRAM tl ls%hdldÍ jk w;r CALL jk SUBROUTINE j, RETURN ADDRESS

tl r|jd .kakd frðiagrh fukñka yeÈkafõ' 16F84A uhsfl%da lkafg%da,rh ;=, we;af;a 8
LEVEL STACK tlls'

STACK POINTER ls%hdldÍ;ajh

TIMER 0

16F84A ;=, we;s ìÜ 8 ghsu¾ foflka tlla jk fuh ndysr >Àld iamkaokhlska fyda SYSTEM
CLOCK tflka ls%hd lrúh yel' fuu ghsurh øDvdx. ghsu¾ tlla ( HARDWERE TIMER)
ksid uDÿldx. j,ska iajdh¾:j Èùug yelsùu o wu;r jdishls' tu ksid PROGRAM tl RUN
jk w;r;=f¾u fuu ghsurho Èjúh yel'

8
WATCH DOG TIMER

fuh moaO;s >Àldfjka (SYSTEM CLOCK) iajdhd¾:j Èfjk ìÜ 8 ghsurhls' fuhg >Àld
iamkaoh ( CLOCK PULSE ) ,nd§u ioyd fuh ;=, msysgjQ RC cd,hla we;' fuh ilS%h l,
yelafla l%uf,aLfha uq,skau we;s CONFIGURATION BITS j,ska WATCH DOG TIMER tl ON
lsÍfuka muks'

fuu TIMER tl 0000 0000 mgka f.k 1111 1111 ù kej; 0000 0000 jk úg (OVER FLOW)
OUT PUT tlla we;s fõ' fu.ska we;s flfrk m%;sodkh uyska uhsfl%da lkafg%da,r tl
RESET ;;ajhg m;a lrhs' fuu.ska uhsfl%da lkafg%da,r tl hï PROGRAM LOOP tll ysr
ùfï (TRAP) wjodkfuka uqojd.; yel' fuu ghsu¾ 2 gu fmdÿjQ PRE SCALER kï l%uf,aLk
l, yels .Kskh ( PROGRAMMABLE COUNTER ) u.ska fuu fuu TIMER j, m%odk
ixLHd;h fn§ug ,la lrhs'fuu fn§u 2"4"16"18"32"64"128" fyda 256 jk mßÈ iSreudre lr yel'
^ fuh OPTION REGISTOR PS 0, PS 1 yd PS 2 hk BIT j,ska l, yel')

PRESCALER ALIGNMENT BIT CHART

9
CONFIGURATION BITS j,ska WATCH DOG TIMER tl ON lsrSu

10
STATUS REGISTER

fuu frcsiagrfhka m%Odk jYfhkau flfrk ld¾hh jkafka ALU frcsiagrfha isÿ isÿ jk
.Ks; l¾u j, m%;sM, j,ska fldgila m%o¾Ykh lsrsuhs'fuys RP0 ìÜ tflka MEMORY BANK
SELECT lsrSuo , Z ìÜ tflka isÿ jqk .Ks; l¾uhl ms,s;=r 0 njo yÕjhs' C ìÜ tflka
yÕjkafka .Ks; l¾uhl m%;sM,h CARRY fyda BORROW hk j.h'^ fuys wfkl=;a ìÜ .ek
miqj l;d lruq'&

11
INTCON REGISTOR

16F84A ;=, we; jk bkagrmaÜ md,kh lsrSu INTCON REGISTOR u.ska isÿ lrhs'

bkagrmaÜ hkq fudkjdo@@

bkagrmaÜ hkqfjka y`ÿkajkafka uhsfl%da fldkafgda,h ;=, msysgqjd we;s úfYaI hdka;%khls' fuh
il%Sh lsÍu u.ska uhsfl%da fldkafgda,h bka¾maÜ we;s jk fudfydf;a ;rñka isák ld¾H l=ula
jqj;a th kj;d l%uf,aLkfha wklrk mrsos Bg jvd jeo.;a ld¾hHla lsÍug fmd,Ujhs' tu
ld¾hHh ksu jQ miq uhsfl%da fldkafgda,h kej; ;uqka uq,k s a lrñka isá ld¾Hh keje;ajQ ;ekska
wdrïN lrhs' fuh uhsfl%da fldkafgda,fha ndysr f,dalh iu. iïnkaO ùfï§ b;d jeo.;ah'

PIC16F84A INTERRUPT we;sjk l%u'

• PORT B ys 0 fjks BIT tlg fhdok INPUT tlla u.ska' ( RB0 INTERRUPT)
• TIMER 0 OVER FLOW ùfuka ( TIMER0 INTERRUPT)
• PORT B j, 4 fjks ìÜ tfla isg 7 jk ìÜ tl olajd we;s ìÜj, jk
fjkialï j,ska ( PORTB CHANGE INTERRUPT)
• EEPROM WRITE CYCLE tlla bjr ùfïoS ( EEPROM WRITE COMPLTE
INTERRUPT)

fuu INTERRUPT l%shd;aul lsrSug m<uqj Tn úiska INTCON frcsiagrfha GIE BIT tl
( GLOBAL INTURRUPT ENABLE )fiÜ lr ;eìh hq;=h' óg wu;r Tng wjYH
INTERRUPT j¾.hg wod< ìÜ tl SET l< hq;=h' INTERRUPT tl we;s jQ úg l%shdl<
hq;= fla;h 0 x 04 hk ffoYslh hgf;A (INTERRUPT VECTOR) ,súh hq;=hs' túg
INTERRUPT tlla meñKs úgu l%shd;aul fjñka ;sfnk fla;h ;djld,slj k;r ù 0 x
04 hgf;a ,shd we;s fla;h l%h
s d;aul fõ'
^INTERRUPT .ek jeäÿrg wfma miqj mdvïj,ska n,dfmdfrd;A;=jkAk&

12
 PORT REGISTOR

uhsfl%da fldkafgda,h ndysr f,dalh iu. iïnkaO ùu isÿlrkafka fuu fmda¾Ü frðiagr u.sks'
PIC 16F84A ;=, fmda¾Ü frðiagr follss'

fmda¾Ü A

ìÜ 6 lska hqla; fmd¾Ü frðiagrhls' fuu frðiagrfha ´kEu BIT tlla INPUT tlla fyda
OUTPUT tlla jYfhka úkHdi.; l, yel' fuh l, yelafla fmda¾Ü A REGISTER tlgu
iene`ÿkq TRIS A kï frðiag¾ tl u.ska ' PORTA wÞ, BIT tlg iïnkao TRIS A BIT tl
CLEAR l, úg Bg wkql+, PORT A BIT tl INPUT tl jYfhka úkHdi .; fõ' PORTAg
iïnkaO TRISA BIT tl CLEAR l, úg PORT BIT tl OUTPUT tlla jYfhka úkHdi .;
(CONFIGURE) fjhs' Tn úiska l%u f,aLk ,sùfï§ fuh b;d ie,ls,fa ,ka l, hq;=h'
WÞyrKhla jYfhka OUTPUT jYfhka CONFIGURE l, PORT PIN tlla jer§ulska
SWITCH tllg iïnkaO lsÍfuka CHIP tl ±ù hdfï wjÞkula mj;S'

PORTA iy TRISA w;r iïNkaoh'

PORTA mska tll leáigyk

13
 PIC 16F84A uhsfl%da fldkafgda,h l=vdjg mj;ajd .ekSu i`oyd PORT PINS uhsfl%da fldkafgda,h
we;=,; we;s iuyr fudähq, iu`. iïnkao lr we;' fuysÈ PORT A4 jk mska tl TIMER 0 yS
EXTERNAL COLCK INPUT tl iu`. iïnkao lr we;' TIMER 0 il%Sh fldg OPTION
REGISTOR tfla 5 jk ìÜ tl ( TOSC) ilS%h lsÍu ;=,ska PROT A 4 BIT tl iajhxl%Shj
INPUT tlla jYfhka úkHdi.; fõ'

PORT A4jk mska tl TIMER 0 yS EXTERNAL COLCK INPUT tl iu`. iïNkao lr we;s wdldrh

14
fmda¾Ü B

PIC 16F84A uhsfl%da fldkafgda,h ;=,msysgd we;s fuh 8 BIT BI DIRECTIONAL PORT tlls'
fuhg ineÈ we;s TRIS B frðiagrh yryd PORT B frðiagrfha ´kEu BIT tlla fjka fjka
jYfhka INPUT yd OUTPUT jYfhka úkHdi.; l, yel' óg wu;rj fmda¾Ü B tfla 0 jk
BIT tl (RBO) EXTERNAL INTERRUPT INPUT tlla jYfhka ls%hd lrhs' ;jo wm úiska
CHIP tl PROGRAM lrk úg fmda¾Ü B tfla 6 jk PIN tl SERIAL CLOCK PIN tl
jYfhka o fmda¾Ü B tfla 7 jk PIN tl SERIAL DATA PIN tl jYfhkao ls%hd lrhs'

PORTB mska tll leáigyk

PORTB0 mska tfla leáigyk

15
 EEPROM

ia:sr u;lh PERMANENT MEMORY

PIC 16F84A Tng 64 BYTE ia:sr u;lhlA ,nd oS we;' wm úiska EEPROM hkqfjka
y÷kajkafka o fuu u;lhhs' fuu u;lfha we;s úfYaI m%fhdackh kï moaO;sfhka úÿ,sh
úikaê l< úg oS mjd fuu u;lfha we;s o;a; fkduels mej;Suhs' tu ksid Tng ld,hla
mj;ajd .; hq;= úÿ,sh úikaêjQ úg mjd r|jd w.hla fuu bv
m%udKfha ,shd ;nd .;yel'

Tng idudkH frcsiagrhlg fuka EEPROM tlg ,sùug fyda thska lsheùug fkdyel'
(CANNOT BE DIRECTLY ADDRESSED) tu ksid ta i|yd fjka jq úfYAI frcsiag¾
lÜg,hla yryd EEPROM ,sùu yd lsheùu isÿlrhs'

EEDADR
EEPROM ,sùfï oS yd lsheùfï oS ;sìh hqq;= DATA tl r|jk ADDRESS
tl ,shkq ,nkafka fuu frcsig
a rhghs'

EEDATA
EEPROM tlg ,sùfï oS fyda lsheùfï oS ;sìh hqq;= DATA tl ,shkq ,nkafka fyda
lshjkafka fuu frcsiagrhghs'

EECON1 & EECON2

EEPROM tlg ,sùu yd lsheùu i|yd md,l frcsiagr hq.,la jYfhkaa l%shd lrhs

^EEPROM .ek jeäÿrg wfma miqj mdvïj,ska n,dfmdfrd;A;=jkAk&

16
JDM fm%da.%Eurh
Tng b;d wvq uqo,lska idÞ .; yels fuu fm%da.%Eurh fuu .%ka:h iu. Tng imhd we;s
IC PROG uDÿldx.h iu. ls%hdlrK fm%da.%Eurhls'fuh idÞ .ekSug wjYH mrsm: igyk
iy P.C.B igyk my; bosrs m;A lr we; '

DB 9 CONNECTOR DB99 PIN OUTS

PCB igyk
17
uhsfl%da lkafg%da,rhg l%uf,aL ,sùug m%:u wm úiska uhsfl%da lkafg%d,
a rh ls%hd lrùug wjYH
wfkl=;A ndysr Wmlrk .ek wjfNdaohla ,nd .; hq;=h¡ uhsfl%da lkafg%da,r moaO;shl ;sìh
hq;=u uQ,sl wjYH;d 3ls'

1 n, iemhqu (power supply)

2 >Àld iamkaoh (clock pulse)
3 rSfiÜ mrsm:h ( reset circuit )

n, iemhqu

PIC 16F84A uhsfl%da lkafg%da,rh i|yd fyd|skA hdukh l, (REGULATED) 5V n,iemhqula

wjYH
fõ'Tng fuh my; oelafjk wdldrhg idÞ.; yel¡

>Àld iamkaoh

PIC 16F84A uhsfl%da lkafg%da,rh ls%hdldÍ ùug ksh; ixLHd;hlskA ,nd fok iamkao wjYH fõ'
fuu iamkao ksmoùu i|yd PIC 16F84A uhsfl%da lkafg%da,rh ;=, fÞa,lhla ^OSCILLATOR)
we;' fuu
fÞa,lhl ls%hdldÍ ùu i|yd msg;ska hï hï WmlrK iïNkao lsrSug wjYH fõ'

PIC 16F84A uhsfl%da lkafg%da,rhg ls%iag,hla iúlr we;s whqre

18
PIC 16F84A uhsfl%da lkafg%da,rhg frifkagrhla iúlr we;s whqre¡

PIC 16F84A uhsfl%da lkafg%da,rhg RC mrsm:hla iúlr we;s whqre¡

fuys olajd we;s l%u ;=fkka ´kEu l%uhla PIC 16F84A uhsfl%da lkafg%da,rh iu. Ndú;d l,
yel'kuq;a Tn úiska Ndú;dlrk l%uh l%u f,aLKh ,shk úgoS fyda uhsfl%da lkafg%da,rhg
FLASH lrk úgoS fyda i|yka l, hq;=h ¡ ;jo by, ksrjoH;djhla n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk mrsm:
i|yd wksjdrHfhkau ls%iag,hla Ndú;d l, hq;=h ¡

l%u f,aLKh ,shk úgoS Configuration bits ieliSu u.ska

19
FLASH lrk úgoS IC PROG ys Configuration bits ieliSu u.ska

INSTRUCTION CYCLE

PIC 16 F84A IC tlg fhdok l%siag,fha fyda RC mßm:fha ixLHd;h tys wNHka;r fÞda,lh
úiska y;frkA fnÞ mdúÉÑhg .kq ,nhs' Tn úiska 4MHz l%siag,A tlla mdúÉÑ lf,d;a uhsfl%da
lkafg%da,fha fÞda,lfha m%;sodk ixLHd;h 1MHz fõ' fuúg tys INSTRUCTION CYCLE tlla
1/ 10 -6 = 1 µS fuu w.h .;aúg ld, .kkhg b;d myiq fõ'

20
rSfiÜ mrsm:h

rSfiÜ mrsm:h u.ska is¥ lrkafka uhsfl%da lkafg%da,rfha tu wjia:dfõ ^ rSfiÜ lrk&
mj;sk ;;ajfha isg kej; uq,a ;;ajhg f.k tauhs ' rSfiÜ ùfïoS uhsfl%da lkafg%da,rfha SFR
frcsiag¾ mukla rSfiÜ jk w;r GPR frcsiag¾ ( R.A.M ) fkdfjkiaj mj;S'

rSfiÜ jk wjia:d lsysmhls'

1 n,h imhk wjia:dfõ rSfiÜ ùu Power on reset (POR)

n,h imhd uhsfl%da lkafg%da,rh ls%hd lsrSu wdrïN ùug fmr uhsfl%da lkafg%da,rfha we;s ish¿u
frcsiag¾ uq,a ;;ajhg f.k tau fuu.ska is¥fõ'

2 rSfiÜ w.%h ( MCLR ) - ú¥,s w.%h fj; iïNkao lsrSfuka

yosis ;;ajhla hgf;a uhsfl%da lkafg%da,rh l%uf,aLhla ;=, ysr ùula isÿ úh yel( STUCK)'
fujka wjia:djloS MCLR w.%h - ú¥,s w.%h fj; iïNkao lsrSfuka uhsfl%da lkafg%da,rh
kej; uq,a ;;ajh fj; f.k wd yel'

WATCH DOG TIMER msrS hdfïoS isÿ jk RESET ùu ( RESET AT WDT OVERFLOW)

WATCH DOG TIMER tl 0000 0000 mgka f.k 1111 1111 ù kej; 0000 0000 jk úg (OVER
FLOW) OUT PUT tlla we;s fõ' fuu ld,h ^isg olajd fjkia fõ& fu.ska we;s flfrk
m%;sodkh uyska uhsfl%da lkafg%da,r tl RESET ;;ajhg m;a lrhs' fuu.ska uhsfl%da lkafg%da,r
tl hï PROGRAM LOOP tll ysr ùfï (TRAP) wjodkfuka uqojd .; yel'

n,h iemhqu hï uÜgulg jvd wvq jQ úg we;sjk RESET ùu ( BROWN OUT RESET )

uhsfl%da lkafg%da,rhg imhd we;s úÿ,s n,h hï uÜgulg jvd wvqjQ úg ls%hd;aul fjñka
mj;sk l%uf,aLkfha wjq,a we;sù wkjYH m%;sÞk we;súh yel'fujeks ;;aj j,lajd .ekSu
i|yd n,h iemhqu hï uÜgulg jvd wvq jQ úg we;sjk RESET ùu ( BROWN OUT RESET)
y÷kajd oS we;' kuq;a uhsfl%da lkafg%da,rhg kej; úÿ,sh ,enqk ú.iu tys we;s foda,l mrsm:
ilS%h fkdfõ' tys we;s X TAL tl fyda RC mrsm:h ia:dhSS ùug hï ld,hla .;fõ'tu ksid
úÿ,sh
kej; iemhSfuka miq foda,lh ia:dhS ùug m%udkj;a ld,hla (72mS) ,ndoSug Wml%uhla PIC
16F84A imhdoS we;'fuh POWER UP TIMER kñka ye|skafõ' fuu POWER UP TIMER ilS%h
lsrSu CONFIGURATION BITS ieliSu u.ska l,yel' POWER UP TIMER ilS%h lsrSfuka we;s
jk m%;sM,h my; rEmfha fmkajd we;'
21
POWER UP TIMER ilS%h lsrSfuka we;s jk m%;sM,h

foda,l mrsm:h ia:dhSS ùu

22
by; oelafjkafka 16F84A uhsfl%da lkafg%da,rhg wÞ, INSTRUCTION SET tlhs'

23
uhsfl%d Ñma tlla fm%da.%Eï lrkafka flfiao@

uhsfl%d Ñma tlla fm%da.%Eï lsrSu i|yd my; i|yka foa wjYH fõ'
COM PORT 1 la iys; mrs.Khla ^fï i|yd 233MHz muK l=vd mrs.Klhla jqjo iEfya'&

1' uhsfl%da fldkafg%da,hla ( PIC 16FXXX)

2' uhsfl%da fldkafg%da,hg l%uf,aL ,sùu i|yd jevigykla ^fuysoS MPLAB)
3' uhsfl%da fldkafg%da,hg PROGRAMM FLASH lsrsu i|yd fm%d. a Eurh
^fuys lshfjk mrsos idod .;a JDM fm%da.%Euh fyda Tn úiska ñ, oS .;a PM II jeks tlla&
4' JDM fm%da.Eurh iu. Ndú;d lsrSug IC PROG uDÿldx.h

óg wu;rj PROGRAM lr.;a Ñma tl iu. l%shdlrùug fmdf;a lshejk mrsos wuqKd.;a mrsm:hla yd
l=vd u,aá ógrhla q'

l%u f,aLKhla ,shuqs

fï jk úg Tn uhsfl%da lkafg%da,h yd ta wdY%S; frðiagr .ek iEfyk wjfndaOhla ,nd we;ehs

is;uq' fï jk úg m%dfhda.sl l%shdldr ;uka lrkakg Tn mq, mq,d n,d isákjdg ielhla ke;'
tu ksid wm úiska l=vd l%uf,aLhla ,shuq' wms úiskau uhsfl%da lkafg%da,r wdOdrfhka LED
n,anhla ksú ksù oe,aùug fla; igykla ,shuq' fuúg wmsg PIC 16F84A COMMANDS tlska
tl meyeos,s lr .; yel'
fuysoS Tng lsjhq;= fohla we;' tkï uhsfl%da lkafg%da,rhg f;afrk
NdId we;af;a tll muKla hkakhs' tkï oajdhx.S fyj;a (BINARY) NdIdjhs' kuq;a tu NdIdfjka wmg
l%uf,aL ,sùu b;d ÿIalr lreKls' tu ksid wmg f;afrk NdIdjlska l%uf,aLh ,shd th uhsfl%da
lkafg%da,rhg f;afrk NdIdjg yerùu i|yd ASSEMBLER tlla jYfhka y÷kajk uDÿldx. wjYH
lrhs' wms fuysoS ASSEMBLER tlla jYfhka MPLAB IDE Ndú;d lruq'

LED n,anhla ksú ksù oe,aùug .e,Sï igyk

ASSEMBLER tlla u.ska wmg f;afrk NdIdjlska ,shQ l%uf,aLh uhsfl%da lkafg%da,rhg f;afrk NdIdjg
yrjhs
24
Tn úiska m<uqj fï i|yd we;s MB LAB Tnf.a mrs.Klfha INSTALL lr.; hq;=h' bkamiqj th
újD;lr .;a úg my; mrsos ;srfha osiafõ'

bkamiqj File > new u.ska w¨;a WORK SHEET tlla újD; lr.kak' bkamiqj Configure >select device
u.ska wjYH uhsfl%da lkafg%da,h SELECT lr .kak'

25
my; l%uf,aLkh tyS TYPE lr.kak'

26
TYPE lr.;a l%u f,aLkh BLINK.ASM hk kñka DESKTOP tfla SAVE lrkak' Tn úiska by;
mshjrj,a ksjerosj wkq.ukh lf<a kï Tfí fla; igyfka COMMANDS ks,a meyefhka osiaúh hq;=h'

oeka Tn úiska fuu ASM FILE tl ALT+F10 hk KEY COMBINATION tl fyda Project > quick build
u.ska COMPILE lr .kak

27
 id¾:lj COMPILE jQfha kï fujeks mKqjqvhla ,efnk qwe;'

oeka Tn úiska ASM FILE tl SAVE l< ;ek mrSCId lr ne¨fjd;aa BLINK.LST , BLINK.ERR
,BLINK.HEX hk kï j,ska FILES fuys ;sfnkq oel .;yel' fuhska wms wfma Ñma tl fm%da.%Eï lasru
S g
fhdod .kafka BLINK .HEX kï FILE tlhs'
fuh lsrsu i|yd Tn úiska ilid .kakd ,o JDM fm%da.%Euh yd IC PROG uDÿldx.h wjYH fõ' m%:uj
IC PROG Tnf.a mrs.Klfha INSTALL lr.kak' bka miqj JDM fm%da.%Euh Tnf.a mrs.Klhg rEmfha
mrsos iïNkAo lr.kak'

CONNECTING THE UNIT TO THE COM ( RS232 ) PORT OF YOUR PC

28
bkamiqj IC PROG újD; lr.kak' rEmfha mrsos m%:uj újD; lr .;a IC PROG Tnf.a
mrs.Klhg .e,fmk mrsos úkHdi.; lr.; hq;=hs' fï i|yd SETTINGS > HARDWERE fukqfjka
f;dard .kak' bkamiqj Tnf.a mrs.Klfha COM PORT tl isf,laÜ lr.; hq;=hs' fuysoS Tnf.a mrs'
we;af;a COM PORT tlla kï yeuúgu th COM 1 f,i SELECT ù we;' COM PORT tlg
jeä .Kkla we;akï wjYH COM PORT tl MENU tflka SELECT l< hq;h'

WINDOWS XP iu. IC PROG .e,mSu i|yd Setting > Option f.dia Enable NT / 2000/XP
DRVER fpla fndlaia tl il%Sh lrkak' fuh lsrSug m%:uj Tng imhd we;s WINDOWS
XP DRIVE tl WINDOWS SYSTEM DIRECTRY tfla IC PROG we;s iaa:dkhgu COPY
lrkak'
óg wu;rj fukqfjka DIRECT IO SELECT l< úg Tng fuu CHIP tl jeä fõ.hlska FLASH l<
yel' fuh lsrSug Tnf.a mrs.Klfha fufyhqï moaO;sh bv fkdfohs kï rEmfha mrsos API il%sh
lrkak'^fuysoS .;jk ld,h u|la jeäh'&

29
fufia IC PROG CONFIGURE lr.;a miq FILE > OPEN FILE u.ska BLINK.HEX FILE tl OPEN
lr.kak' bkamiqj PIC IC tl Tn idod.;a JDM PROGRAMER tfla IC SOCKET tlg iú lr.kak'
fuúg JDM PROGRAMER we;s LED tl oe,aúh hq;=h' bkamiq u.ska BLINK.HEX FILE tl OPEN
lr.kak'
bkamiq CLICK lsrsu u.ska PIC tl fm%da.E% ï ùu wdrïN lrhs' fm%d.
a %Eï ùfuka miq fm%da.%Eï ùu

ksis mrsos ù we;aoehs ne,Sug VERIFIICATION CYCLE tlla o IC PROG u.skau fufyhjhs' Bg wu;rj
ksis f,i PROGRAM jQjd kï hk wdldrfha mKsjqvhla osiafõ'

Tng wjYH kï CLICK lsrsu u.ska PIC tl kej; READ l, yel'

30
fm%da.%Eï lr.;a CHIP tl Tnf.a mrsm:hg iú lsrSug m%:u mrsm:h ksjerosoehs fyd|ska mrSCId fldg
ne,Su uekú' IC SOCKET tfla +yd - PIN w;rg 5v meñfKaoehs u,aá ógrhla wdOdrfhka mrSCId lr
n,kak' ish,a, ksjeros nj fmfka kï úÿ,sh úikaê fldg mrsm:hg IC tl iúlrkak' bka wk;=rej
kej; úÿ,s iemhqu igyka lr .kak' LED tl ksù ksù oe,afjkq we;'

mrsm: igyk

31
 fla; igyk meyeos,s lr .ksuq'

COMMENTS

PROCESSOR
RADIX
INCLUDE FILE
CONFIGURATION BITS

START (RESET VECTOR )

LABLE

COMMANDS( BLUE COLOUR)

LABLE

DIRECTIVE

COMMENTS
; ,l=Kska (SEMICOLON) fjka lr ,shk fïjd l%uf,aLkfha oS l%shdldrS fkdfõ' úOdk
weiqrska flfrk ld¾hhka" l%uf,aLkh ms<sn| úia;r wdoS foa ,sùug mdúÉÑ lrhs' fïjd
fld< meyefhka osiafõ'

PROCESSOR
fuh Tn Ndú;d lrkafka l=uk uhsfl%da lkafg%da,rho hkak COMPLIER tlg oekaùu
msKsi Ndú;d lrhs'

32
INCLUDE
uhsfl%d lkafg%da,rfha we;s ish¿u REGISTERS yd MEMORY LOCATIONS j, ADDRESS
fuu INCLUDE FILE tfla wvx.= fõ' Tn fuh Ndú;d fkdlrkafka kï l%uf,aLkh i|yd
Ndú;d lrk ish¿u REGISTER , ADDRESS l%uf,aLkh ;=< i|yka l< hq;=h'
RADIX
Tfí l%uf,aaLkfha Ndú;d lrk ixLHd mdoh olajhs' fuh idudkHfhka 16 mdoh ( HEX)
fõ'

CONFIGURATION BITS
fuh Tng uhsfl%da lkafg%da,rh Ndú;dfõ§ f;arSï /ilg u. mdohs'
1. fÞa,l j¾. 4 ls' XT, RC , HS, LP
2. POWER UP TIMER ON lrkafkao OFF lrkafkao hk j.'
3. WATCH DOG TIMER ON lrkafkao OFF lrkafkao hk j.'
4. CODE PROTECT ON lrkafkao OFF lrkafkao hk j.'

ORG 0X00 ( RESET VECTOR)

fm%da.%Eï ljqkagrh .ekSu wdrïN lrkafka fu;ek isgh' l%uf,aLkh wdrïN l< ú.iu
PROGRAM COUNTER h 00000000 jk ksid thg wod< f,an,h fidhd f.dia th l%shdfõ
fhdojhs' óg wu;rj l=uk fyda j._hl RESET tllska miqj jqjo PROGRAM COUNTER
h 00000000 njg m;a fõ'

LABEL
fuh úOdk lKavhla" iíreàkhlaa jeks l%shdldrS fla; lKavhla kï lsrsug fhdod .kS'
GOTO , CALL hk úOdkhka iu. fuu LABEL fhdod .kS' f,an,hlg úOdkj, kï fyda
i,l=Kq yereK úg idudkHfhka ´kEu kula fhdod .; yel' GOTO fyda CALL hk
úOdkh iu. f,an,a kula ÿgqúg PROGRAM COUNTER h tu f,an,fha ADDRESS tl
,ndf.k tu f,an,h fj;g fhduq ù t;ek isg PROGRAM tl EXECUTE lrhs'

úOdk (COMMANDS)
l%uf,aLkfha oS ienEjgu il%Sh fjñka l%shdlrkafka fïjdh' PIC16FXXX ldKavfha Ñmaia
j, úOdk 35ls'

END
l%uf,aaLk i|yd w;HjYH DIRECTIVE tlls' PROGRAM tfla wjidkh olajhs'

BANKSEL

DIRECTIVE tlls' BANK SELECT lsrsug fhdod .kS' BANKSEL úOdkhka iu. wjYH
REGISTER tflA ku fhdod .kS'

BANKSEL TRISA
BANKSEL PORTA

33
 COMMANDS meyeos,s lr .ksuq'

BSF PORTB, 0
fuu command tflka lshefjkafka PORT B tfla 0 jk BIT tl SET l< hq;= njhs' tkï fuh
l%shdfõ fhoùfï oS PORT B tfla 0 jk PIN tlg iïnkaO FILE FLOP tl fiÜ ù (ON ù& thg
iïnkaO FET tl yryd Odrdjla .,dhdu ksid LED n,anh oe,afõ' fï whqrska Tng ´kEu PORT
tll PIN tll SET l< yel' Wod BSF PORTA,1

BCF PORTB, 0
fuu COMMAND tflka lshefjkafka PORT B tfla jk BIT tl CLEAR l< hq;= njhs' fuu
úOdkh l%shdfõ fhoùfï oS PORT B tfla jk PIN tlg iïnkaO FILE FLOP tl CLEAR ù
FET tl yryd Odrdjla .,dhdu kej;sSu ksid LED n,anh OFF fõ'

CALL

fuu úOdkh BRANCHING INSTRUCTION .khg .efkk SUBROUTINES le|ùu i|yd

Ndú;d lrk úOdkhls' l%u f,aLkhg ks;r Wjukd jk fla; lKavhka ks;r ks;r ,sùu j,lajd
.ekSug iírEáka tllsa jYfhka ;ekl ,shd ;nd wmg wjYH jQ úg CALL l< yel' CALL hk
úOdkh iu. f,an,a kula^ fuysoS DELAY) ÿgqúg PROGRAM COUNTER h tu f,an,fha
ADDRESS tl ,ndf.k tu f,an,h fj;g fhduq ù t;ek isg PROGRAM tl EXECUTE
lrhs'
iírEákh RETURN kï úOdkfhka wjika fõ' fuu RETURN úOdkh ÿgq úg iíreàkh le|
jQ úOdkhg my, úOdkfha isg fm%da.%Euh kej; l%shdlrf.k hhs'
34
 CALL úOdkh l%shdlrk whqre

GOTO
fuu úOdkho CALL úOdkh fukau BRANCHING INSTRUCTION .khg .efkk
úOdkhls'fuys we;s fjki kï CALL tllg fuka RETURN tllA fkdue;s ùuhs'GOTO
úOdkh yuqjQ úg PROGRAM COUNTER tl GOTO úOdkh iu. we;s f,an,fha^ fuysoS
BLINK) ADRESS tl UPLOAD lr f.k tu f,an,h fj;g fhduq ù t;ek isg
PROGRAM tl EXECUTE lrhs'

35
 Delay

iíreàkhla jYfhka le|jd we;s fuu fla; lKavh Ndú;d lr we;af;a hï lsis ld,hla f.jd
oeóu i|yd h' Tn fuu DELAY tl ke;sj l%u f,aLkh l%shd;aul lf<a kï l=ula isÿfõo @
tla úOdkhla i|yd .; jk ld,h 1 µS nj by; uu mejiQ nj Tng u;l we;s'tfia kï
fuys DELAY tl ke;sj LED n,anh oe,aùu yd ksùu w;r we;af;a 1 µS mr;r ksid LED
n,anh oe,aùu yd ksùu wmg lsis úgl ±l.; fkdyels jkq we;' tu ksid LED n,anh oe,aùu
yd ksùu w;r hï lsis ld,hla f.jd oeóulA

DELAY tl l%shd lrkafka fldfyduo @

MOVLW 0XFF
MOVWF 0X0C
DEC1
DECFSZ 0X0C,1
GOTO DEC1
RETURN

MOVLW 0XFF – MOVE LITERAL TO W REGISTOR

fuu úOdkfhka lshfjkafka FF kï HEX w.h (25510 ) W REGISTER tlg oeñh hq;=
njh '

MOVWF 0X0C – MOVE W REGISTOR TO FILE REGISTOR ( LOCATION 0C 16 )

fuu úOdkfhka lshfjkafka W REGISTER tfla we;s w.h 0C hk MEMORY LOCATION
tlg ±ñh hq;= njh'

DECFSZ 0X0C, 1- DECRIMENT FROM FILE REGISTOR ( LOCATION 0C 16 ) AND SKIP A

LINE IF THE RESULT IS ZERO
fuu úOdkfhka lshfjkafk ms<s;=r 0 jk f;la 0C hk MEMORY LOCATION tlg ±uQ
w.fhkA wvq l, hq;= njhs'0 jQ úg fmA,shlA mekAkúh hq;= njh'

GOTO DEC1 GOTO THE LABEL DEC1

ms<s;=r 0 fkdjk f;la fï LOOP tl l%shd;aul fõ'

RETURN RETURN FROM SUBROUTINE

mss<s;=r 0 jQ úg fuu LOOP tl l%shd;aul fõ'

fuhskA wdikAk jYfhka 500 µS muk DELAY tllA ,nd.; yel' fuh MOVLW úOdkh yryd
,nd w.h u; ;Srkh fõ' fuu ld,h m%udkj;a fkdfõ kï ;j;a LOOP tlla Ndú;d l, yel'

36
 CLRF CLEAR FILE

fuu úOdkfhka lshfjkafka kï lrk DATA FILE tll ish¿u BIT RESET l, hq;= njh'
CLRF TRISB

KNIGHT RIDER l%uhg n,anh oe,aùu

(BSF iy BCF hk úOdk weiqrska)

;************************************************************
; LED RUN (using bsf & bcf commands) .
;written by achala samapriya( micro house )
;started on 2007/01/30
;**************************************************************

processor PIC16F84A ;Set the processor

radix hex ;Set the radix
#include <p16F84A.inc> ;Include header file
__CONFIG _RC_OSC & _PWRTE_OFF & _CP_OFF & _WDT_OFF

Start ORG 0x00

BANKSEL TRISA ; SELECT BANK 1

CLRF TRISA ; MAKE PORTA AN OUTPUT
CLRF TRISB ; MAKE PORTB AN OUTPUT
BANKSEL PORTA ; SELECT BANK 1
MAIN
BSF PORTB,0 ;B0 ON
CALL DELAY ;WAIT
BCF PORTB,0 ;B0 OFF
BSF PORTB,1
CALL DELAY
BCF PORTB,1
BSF PORTB,2
CALL DELAY
BCF PORTB,2
BSF PORTB,3
CALL DELAY
BCF PORTB,3
BSF PORTB,4
CALL DELAY
BCF PORTB,4
BSF PORTB,5
CALL DELAY
BCF PORTB,5
BSF PORTB,6
CALL DELAY
BCF PORTB,6
BSF PORTB,7
CALL DELAY
BCF PORTB,7
BSF PORTB,6
37
 CALL DELAY
BCF PORTB,6
BSF PORTB,5
CALL DELAY
BCF PORTB,5
BSF PORTB,4
CALL DELAY
BCF PORTB,4
BSF PORTB,3
CALL DELAY
BCF PORTB,3
BSF PORTB,2
CALL DELAY
BCF PORTB,2
BSF PORTB,1
CALL DELAY
BCF PORTB,1
GOTO MAIN ; LOOP AGAIN

DELAY
MOVLW 0X29 ;DELAY FOR 10mS ( These timing were based on 4Mhz x'tal)
MOVWF 0CH
S2 DECFSZ 0CH,1 ; GOTO DELAY2.1
RETURN
DELAY2.1 MOVLW 52H
MOVWF 0DH
S1 DECFSZ 0DH,1
GOTO S1
GOTO S2
END

38
 KNIGHT RIDER l%uhg n,anh oe,aùu
(MOVLW iy MOVWF hk úOdk weiqrska))

************************************************************
; LED BLINK.
;written by achala samapriya
;started on 2006/04/08
;**************************************************************

processor PIC16F84A ;Set the processor

radix hex ;Set the radix
#include <p16F84A.inc> ;Include header file
__CONFIG _RC_OSC & _PWRTE_OFF & _CP_OFF & _WDT_OFF

Start ORG 0x00

BANKSEL TRISA ; SELECT BANK 1

CLRF TRISA ; MAKE PORTA AN OUTPUT
CLRF TRISB ; MAKE PORTB AN OUTPUT
BANKSEL PORTA ; SELECT BANK 1
BLINK
MOVLW B'00000000'
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW B'00000001'
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW b'00000010'
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW B'00000100'
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW B'00001000'
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW B'00010000'
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW B'00100000'
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW B'01000000'
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW B'10000000'
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW B'01000000'
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW B'00100000'
MOVWF PORTB

39
 CALL DELAY2
MOVLW B'00010000'
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW B'00001000'
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW B'00000100'
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW B'00000010'
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW B'00000001'
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
CLRF PORTB
GOTO BLINK

DELAY2
MOVLW 0X29 ;DELAY FOR 10mS ( These timing were based on 4Mhz x'tal)
MOVWF 0CH
S2 DECFSZ 0CH,1 ; GOTO DELAY2.1
RETURN
DELAY2.1 MOVLW 52H
MOVWF 0DH
S1 DECFSZ 0DH,1
GOTO S1
GOTO S2
RETURN

END

Tn fumuK fõ,d khsÜ rhsâ l%uhg n,an ±,aùug Ndú;d l, ùOdk .kkdjlska hq;= È.
fÄ;hla fkao" fukak tA fjkqjg flá l%uhla
RLF úOdkh'

RLF ROTATE FILE LEFT

fmda¾Ü frðiagrhg we;=,a lrk hï w.hla fuu.ska jdud¾:j p,kh lr .; yel'

WÞ (- MOVLW 0X01 ; MOVE 00000001 BINARY TO W REGISTOR

MOVWF PORTB ; MOVE THAT VALUE TO PORTB
ROTATE
RLF PORTB,1 ; ROTATE THE VALUE IN PORT B LEFT
GOTO ROTATE ;DO THIS FOR EVER

RRF úOdkh'
fmda¾Ü frðiagrhg we;=,a lrk hï w.hla fuu.ska ol=Kg p,kh lr .; yel'
RRF ROTATE FILE RIGHT
WÞ (- MOVLW 0X80 ; MOVE 1000000 BINARY TO W REGISTOR
MOVWF PORTB ; MOVE THAT VALUE TO PORTB
ROTATE
RRF PORTB,1 ; ROTATE THE VALUE IN PORT B LEFT
GOTO ROTATE ;DO THIS FOR EVER
40
 KNIGHT RIDER l%uhg n,anh oe,aùu
(RLF iy RRF hk úOdk weiqrska))

;************************************************************
; LED RUN (using rlf & rrf commands)
;written by achala samapriya( micro house )
;started on 2007/01/30
;**************************************************************

processor PIC16F84A ;Set the processor

radix hex ;Set the radix
#include <p16F84A.inc> ;Include header file
__CONFIG _RC_OSC & _PWRTE_OFF & _CP_OFF & _WDT_OFF

Start ORG 0x00

BANKSEL TRISA ; SELECT BANK 1

CLRF TRISA ; MAKE PORTA AN OUTPUT
CLRF TRISB ; MAKE PORTB AN OUTPUT
BANKSEL PORTA ; SELECT BANK 1
MOVLW 0X01
MOVWF PORTB
LEFT
CALL DELAY
RLF PORTB,1
CALL DELAY
BTFSS PORTB,7
GOTO LEFT
GOTO RIGHT
RIGHT
CALL DELAY
RRF PORTB,1
CALL DELAY
BTFSS PORTB,0
GOTO RIGHT
GOTO LEFT

DELAY
MOVLW 0X29 ;DELAY FOR 10mS ( These timing were based on 4Mhz x'tal)
MOVWF 0CH
S2 DECFSZ 0CH,1
GOTO DELAY2.1
RETURN
DELAY2.1 MOVLW 52H
MOVWF 0DH
S1 DECFSZ 0DH,1
GOTO S1
GOTO S2
END

41
 KNIGHT RIDER SHADOW l%uhg n,anh oe,aùu

(RLF iy RRF hk úOdk weiqrska)

;************************************************************
; LED RUN (shadows using rlf & rrf commands)
;written by achala samapriya( micro house )
;started on 2007/01/30
;**************************************************************

processor PIC16F84A ;Set the processor

radix hex ;Set the radix
#include <p16F84A.inc> ;Include header file
__CONFIG _RC_OSC & _PWRTE_OFF & _CP_OFF & _WDT_OFF

Start ORG 0x00

BANKSEL TRISA ; SELECT BANK 1

CLRF TRISA ; MAKE PORTA AN OUTPUT
CLRF TRISB ; MAKE PORTB AN OUTPUT
BANKSEL PORTA ; SELECT BANK 1
MOVLW 0XFE
MOVWF PORTB
BSF STATUS,C
LEFT
CALL DELAY
RLF PORTB,1
CALL DELAY
BTFSC PORTB,7
GOTO LEFT
GOTO RIGHT
RIGHT
CALL DELAY
RRF PORTB,1
CALL DELAY
BTFSC PORTB,0
GOTO RIGHT
GOTO LEFT

DELAY
MOVLW 0X29 ;DELAY FOR 10mS ( These timing were based on 4Mhz x'tal)
MOVWF 0CH
S2 DECFSZ 0CH,1
GOTO DELAY2.1
RETURN
DELAY2.1 MOVLW 52H
MOVWF 0DH
S1 DECFSZ 0DH,1
GOTO S1
GOTO S2
END

42
 mrsm: igyk

m%odk mrSCIdj
Tn fuf;la fõ,d l, ish¨u l%uf,aLk uhsfl%d Ñma tl ;=<ska m%;sodkhkla (OUT PUT)
,nd.ekSug ie<iqï l< tajd h' oeka wms uhsfl%d Ñma tlg m%odkhka ,nd fokafka flfiaoehs
n,uq'

ud Tng by; lS mrsos m%odkhka ,nd osug m%:uj TRIS frcsiagrh INPUT tlla jYfhka
úkHdi.; l< hq;=j we;'

MOVLW 0X03 ( 00000011BINARY) THIS MAKES A0 & A1 AS IN PUTS

MOVWF TRISA

wms PORT A tfla 0 jk BIT tlg yd m<uqjk BIT tlg INPUT ,nd oS 0 jk BIT tfla iaúÉ
tl ON l< úg PORTB tfla 0 jk BIT tfla LED n,anhla oe,aùug iliuq'

COMMAND BTFSS
BIT TEST FILE SKIP IF SET
fuu úOdkfhka lshfjkafk kïlr we;s BIT tl SET jQ úg fmA,shlA mekAkúh hq;= njh'
+ 5v
WAIT
BTFSS PORTA , 0

GOTO WAIT
TO PORTA,0
BSF PORTB,0
END

10K RESISTOR
43
oeka 0 jk ìÜ tfla iaúÉ tl TnoaoS LED tl oe,aùug o 1 ìÜ tlg iïnkaO o iaúÉ tl TnoaoS
ksùug o i<iuq'

WAIT
BTFSS PORTA , 0

GOTO WAIT

BSF PORTB,0
WAIT1
BTFSS PORTA , 1

GOTO WAIT1

BCF PORTB,0

END

fuysoS Tn my; úkHdifha mrsm:hla Ndú;d lrhs kï úOdk my;dldrfhka Ndú;d l< hq;=h'

+ 5V

TO PORTA,0

GND

COMMAND BTFSC
BIT TEST FILE SKIP IF CLEAR
fuu úOdkfhka lshfjkafk kïlr we;s BIT tl CLEAR jQ úg fmA,shlA mekAkúh hq;= njh'

WAIT
BTFSC PORTA , 0

GOTO WAIT

BSF PORTB,0
END

44
 PIC SIMIULATOR IDE

fuh o fm%da.%Eï lsrSfï oS b;d jákd uDÿldx.hls' Ñma tl fm%da.%Eï lr mrsm:hg iú

lsrSug fmr fuu uDÿldx.h u.ska fla;h l%shdldrS jk wdldrh isñhqf,aÜ lr ne,sh
yel' tu ksid hï jrolska Ñma tl oeù hdfï wjOdku fuu.ska j<ldf.k id¾:l
l%shdldrS fla;hla ,efnk ;=re fuu.ska fla; igyk rka lrñka ksjeros lsrSï l< yel'

l%shd lrk wdldrh

PICSIMIULATOR IDE INSTALL lr.kak'

bkamiq whslkh u; DOUBLE CLICK lr fm%da.Eï tl il%Sh lr.kak'oeka OPTION >
SELECT MICROCONTROLLER u.ska ,efnk fukqfjka PIC16F84A isf,laÜ lr .kak'
bkamiqj FILE > LOAD PROGRAM u.ska BLINK.HEX *hs,a OPEN lr .kak' TOOLS >
MICROCONTROLER VIEW u.ska Tng IC tfla PIN LAYOUT tl ,nd.; yel' bka
wk;=rej SIMIULATION >1 START u.ska Tng l%uf,aLkh m%;sodkh ANIMATE lr
n,d.; yel'
^fuysoS .;jk ienE ld,h fjkqjg b;d os.= ld,hla .;jk
ksid Tnf.a l%uf,aLfha we;s ish¨u DELAY COMMENT lsrsu u.ska fyda fjkhï
l%uhlska wl%h
S lsrSug j.n,d.kak' tfiaa fkdue;s kï Tng oS¾> fõ,djla n,d isàug
jkq we;' &

45
fuh ud úiska ,shQ rgd .Kkdjlska we;s LED mßm:hls' thg wka;¾.; ù we;af;a ud úiska
Tng imhd we;s fuu úOdk lSmh mukS' Tn;a fujeks rgd msysgqjk l%u f,aLkhka ,sùug
W;aiy lrkak' th id¾:l jQfha kï Tn fukau udo i;=gq jkq we;'

;************************************************************
;various light patterns.
;written by achala samapriya
;started on 2006/04/08
;**************************************************************

processor PIC16F84A ;Set the processor

radix hex ;Set the radix
#include <p16F84A.inc> ;Include header file
__CONFIG _RC_OSC & _PWRTE_OFF & _CP_OFF & _WDT_OFF

ERRORLEVEL -302
Start ORG 0x00

INDEX EQU 0X0C

LROOM EQU 0X0D
HROOM EQU 0X0E
COMP EQU 0X0F
MAP EQU 0X10
GOTO MAIN

MAIN
BANKSEL TRISA
CLRF TRISA
CLRF TRISB
BANKSEL PORTA
CLRF PORTA ;SET BOTH AS OUT PUTS
CLRF PORTB

LVE
MOVLW 0X03
MOVWF INDEX
L_RUN
BCF STATUS,C ;RUNS LEFT
MOVLW 0X01
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
ROT RLF PORTB,1
CALL DELAY2
BTFSS PORTB,7
GOTO ROT
GOTO ECS
ECS BCF STATUS,C
DECFSZ INDEX,1
GOTO L_RUN
GOTO RVE

46
RVE
MOVLW 0X03
MOVWF INDEX

R_RUN
BCF STATUS,C
MOVLW 0X80
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2 ;RUNS RIGHT
RRT RRF PORTB,1
CALL DELAY2
BTFSS PORTB,0
GOTO RRT
GOTO RCS
RCS BCF STATUS,C
DECFSZ INDEX,1

GOTO R_RUN
GOTO KNT

KNT
MOVLW 0X03 ; BOTH DERECTIONS
MOVWF INDEX
KL_RUN
BCF STATUS,C
MOVLW 0X01
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
KROT RLF PORTB,1
CALL DELAY2
BTFSS PORTB,7
GOTO KROT
GOTO KECS
KECS BCF STATUS,C
GOTO KR_RUN

KR_RUN
BCF STATUS,C
MOVLW 0X80
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
KRRT RRF PORTB,1
CALL DELAY2
BTFSS PORTB,0
GOTO KRRT
GOTO KRCS
KRCS BCF STATUS,C
DECFSZ INDEX,1
GOTO KL_RUN
GOTO FRILL

FRILL

47
 MOVLW 0X03
MOVWF INDEX
F1 ;FILL EFFECT
MOVLW 0X00
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0X01
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0X03
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0X07
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0X0F
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0X1F
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0X3F
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2

MOVLW 0X7F
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0XFF
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0XFE
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0XFC
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0XF8
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0XF0
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0XE0
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0XC0
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0X80
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
CLRF PORTB
CALL DELAY2

48
 MOVLW 0X80
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0XC0
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0XE0
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0XF0
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0XF8
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0XFC
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0XFE
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0XFF
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0X7F
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0X3F

MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0X1F
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0X0F
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0X07
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0X03
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0X01
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0X00
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
DECFSZ INDEX,1
GOTO F1
SHADOW ;SHADOW EFFECT
SNT
MOVLW 0X05

49
 MOVWF INDEX
SL_RUN
CLRF PORTB
BSF STATUS,C
MOVLW 0XFE
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
SROT RLF PORTB,1
CALL DELAY2
BTFSC PORTB,7
GOTO SROT
GOTO SECS
SECS BCF STATUS,C
GOTO SR_RUN

SR_RUN
BSF STATUS,C
MOVLW 0X7F
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
SRRT RRF PORTB,1
CALL DELAY2
BTFSC PORTB,0
GOTO SRRT
GOTO SRCS
SRCS BCF STATUS,C
DECFSZ INDEX,1
GOTO SL_RUN
GOTO DOUBLE

DOUBLE
MOVLW 0X05
MOVWF INDEX
DD
MOVLW 0X81
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0X42
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0X24
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0X18
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0X24
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0X42
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0X81
MOVWF PORTB

50
 CALL DELAY2
DECFSZ INDEX,1
GOTO DD
GOTO D_FILL
D_FILL
MOVLW 0X05
MOVWF INDEX

DF MOVLW 0X00
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0X18
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0X3C
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0X7E
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0XFF
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0XE7
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0XC3
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0X81
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0X00
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
DECFSZ INDEX,1
GOTO DF
GOTO REV_FILL

REV_FILL

MOVLW 0X05
MOVWF INDEX
RF
MOVLW 0X81
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0XC3
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0XE7
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0XFF

51
 MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0XE7
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0XC3
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0X81
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
CLRF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
DECFSZ INDEX,1
GOTO RF
GOTO SHIFT
SHIFT
MOVLW 0X10
MOVWF INDEX
SS MOVLW 0XAA
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0X55
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
DECFSZ INDEX,1
GOTO SS
BLINK
MOVLW 0X0A
MOVWF INDEX
BB CLRF PORTB
MOVLW 0XFF
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0X00
MOVWF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
DECFSZ INDEX,1
GOTO BB
LOAD
CLRF PORTB
CALL DELAY2
MOVLW 0X01
MOVWF LROOM
MOVLW 0XFF
MOVWF HROOM

LD
MOVLW 0XFF
MOVWF PORTB

CALL DELAY_PWM1
CLRF PORTB
CALL DELAY_PWM2

52
MATH
INCF LROOM,1
DECF HROOM,1
MOVLW 0X00
MOVWF COMP
SUBWF HROOM,0
BTFSS STATUS,Z
GOTO LD
LUAD
MOVLW 0XFF
MOVWF LROOM
MOVLW 0X01
MOVWF HROOM

LE
MOVLW 0XFF
MOVWF PORTB

CALL DELAY_PWM1
CLRF PORTB
CALL DELAY_PWM2
BATH
DECF LROOM,1
INCF HROOM,1
MOVLW 0X00
MOVWF COMP
SUBWF HROOM,0
BTFSS STATUS,Z
GOTO LE
GOTO LVE

DELAY_PWM1
MOVF LROOM,W ;DEALY FOR OUT PUT
MOVWF 0X24
OS2 DECFSZ 0X24,1
GOTO DELAY2.10
RETURN
DELAY2.10 MOVLW 0X10
MOVWF 0X25
OS1 DECFSZ 0X25,1
GOTO OS1
GOTO OS2

DELAY_PWM2
MOVF HROOM,W ;DEALY FOR OUT PUT
MOVWF 0X26
S2 DECFSZ 0X26,1
GOTO DELAY2.10
RETURN
DELAY2.1 MOVLW 0X10
MOVWF 0X27
S1 DECFSZ 0X27,1

53
 GOTO S1
GOTO S2
GOTO OS2

REV

DELAY2
MOVLW 0XFF ;DEALY FOR OUT PUT
MOVWF 0X3A
OIS2 DECFSZ 0X3A,1
GOTO IDELAY2.10
RETURN
IDELAY2.10 MOVLW 0XFF
MOVWF 0X3B
OIS1 DECFSZ 0X3B,1
GOTO OIS1
GOTO OIS2

END

54
55
56
57
58