{1}

v/;k; 1
lkjkak










v/;k; 1

lkjkak


{2}




Lkkjkak

Okkjk.klh ds xzkeh.k bykd+ksa esa tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk dh
Hkkodkfjrk dk v/;;u vkSj bldh lQyrk gsrq Hkkoh lEsk.k
dh lEHkkO;rk dk foysk.k djus ds ckn dbZ egoiw.kZ rF; dkk
esa vk;sA mkjnkrkvksa esa lHkh efgyk, tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk ls
okfd+Q+ FkhaA dbZ efgyk, ;kstuk dk uke ugha tkurh Fkha ysfdu
blds rgr~ feyus okyh 1400 :Ik;s dh /kujkfk vkSj vkkk ls ifjfpr
FkhaA mUgsa blds ckjs esa lcls T+;knk tkudkjh vkkk vkSj ehfM;k
ls kIr gqbZA ehfM;k esa jsfM;ks us [+kklh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA
vkdkkok.kh ij lkfjr gksus okys dk;Zeksa vkSj foKkiuksa us
yksxksa esa tkx:drk yk;hA


{3}

lo iwoZ rhu ,,ulh Hkze.k] VhVh ds nks batsDku vkSj
vkbZ,Q+, VScysV ds lsou ds ckjs esa vf/kdrj efgyk, tkurh gSa]
ysfdu xksfy;ksa ds lsou dks ysdj FkksM+h&lh vfu;ferrk gSA
efgykvksa us crk;k fd ozr jgus] fdlh nwljh chekjh dk bykt gksus]
ekuoh; Hkwy vkfn ds dkj.k mUgksaus nokb;ksa dk lsou ugha
fd;kA blds vfrfjDr] nok [kkus ij kq: esa dkyk ik[kkuk ;k nLr vkfn dh
fkdk;r ds dkj.k Hkh xksfy;ksa ds lsou esa vfu;ferrk vkbZA
mkjnkrkvksa esa vf/kdrj us ljdkjh vLirky esa lo djk;kA
vLirky esa lo djokus okyh efgykvksa us crk;k fd ogk mUgsa
lkekU; lo dh nkk esa 24 vkSj tfVy lo dh nkk esa 48 ?k.Vs
:dus ugha fn;k x;kA dbZ nokb;k vkSj tkp vkfn ckgj ls ykus vkSj
djokus ds fy, fy[kk x;kA dqN efgykvksa us fkdk;r dh fd vLirky esa
MkWDVjksa@ulksZa@dfeZ;ksa dk O;ogkj vlg;ksxkRed jgkA
mkjnkrkvksa us crk;k fd 1400 :Ik;s dh ksRlkgu jkfk dk Hkqxrku
dHkh&dHkh le; ij vkSj iwjk ugha fd;k tkrk gSA
xHkZorh efgykvksa dks laLFkkxr~ lo ds fy, ksRlkfgr djus]
mUgsa lo lEcU/kh fofHkUu tfVyrkvksa dks le>kus] ,,ulh Hkze.k


{4}

djus] uotkr cPps dks Lruiku djkus] ifjokj&fu;kstu ds fofHkUu mik;
viukus vkfn dk;kZsa esa vkkkvksa us egrh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA
vius xko dh gh vkkk gksus ls mUgsa vc LokLF; dsU tkus esa
T+;knk ladksp ugha gksrk gSA vc os csf>>d vLirky tk jgh gSaA
lkoZtfud LokLF; lsokvksa vkSj xHkZorh efgykvksa vkSj ds
chp dh dM+h vkkkvksa us viuh dk;Z.kkyh dks ysdj vlarksk
trk;kA vkkkvksa us crk;k fd mudk osru dbZ fnu ls jksds j[kk x;k
gSA tc gkFk esa iSlk ugha gksrk gS rks dke esa eu Hkh ugha
yxrk gSA vLirky esa muds fy, LoPN is;ty rFkk kkSpky; vkfn dh
leqfpr O;oLFkk ugha jgrh gSA blds vykok fnu&Hkh ckgj jgus ls ?kj
dk T+;knk dkedkt ugha dj ikus ls vkkkvksa dks ?kj ij Hkh rkuk
vkfn >syuk iM+rk gSA

*****



{5}


















v/;k; 2

Lrkouk


{6}

Okkjk.klh ds xzkeh.k bykd+ksa esa tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk
dh Hkkodkfjrk dk v/;;u vkSj bldh lQyrk gsrq Hkkoh
lEsk.k dh lEHkkO;rk dk foysk.k
Lrkouk
laLFkkxr~ lo djkdj ,e,evkj ekr` e`R;qnj vkSj vkbZ,evkj
fkkq e`R;qnj dks de djus ds fy, Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk jkVh; xzkeh.k
LokLF; feku ds rgr~ 12 vSy] 2005 dks tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk dh
kq:vkr dh x;hA ;g ;kstuk xHkZorh efgykvksa dh lo iwoZ] lo ds
njE;ku vkSj loksijkar lEiw.kZ ns[kHkky ij dsfUr gSA efgykvksa
dks laLFkkxr~ lo djkus dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, 1400 :Ik;s ds
foksk vkfFkZd ksRlkgu jkfk dh Hkh O;oLFkk dh x;h gSA leqnk;
Lrj ij xHkZ/kkfjf.k;ksa dks vLirky esa tPpxh djokus ds fy, ksRlkfgr
djus ds fy, lkoZtfud LokLF; lsokvksa vkSj efgykvksa ds chp ,d
dM+h ds :Ik esa vkkk LokLF; dk;Zdf=Z;kas ds in dk Hkh l`tu fd;k
x;k gSA


{7}

Yk{; vkSj ;kstuk nksuksa egokdka{kh gS] ysfdu bls kIr
djus esa mruh lathnxh ugha fn[kk;h x;h] ftrus dh njd+kj FkhA
blhfy, vkt gkykr cnrj gSaA vHkh gky esa dsUh; LokLF; ea=h
x+qyke uch vkt+kn us jkT;lHkk esa ,d u ds tokc esa dgk fd
Hkkjr esa fr ,d gt+kj thfor tUe ij 47 CkPpksa dh e`R;q gks tkrh
gS] vFkkZr~ fr okZ lk<+s ckjg yk[k cPpksa dh ekSrA Hkkjr dh ;g
fLFkfr nf{k.k ,fk;k esa Jhyadk vkSj ckaxyknsk] usiky ls Hkh cnrj
gSA
1
Hkkjr dh vkfFkZd leh{kk 2009&10 dh fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj
ekr` e`R;qnj 254 lo ds nkSjku ,d yk[k thfor efgykvksa ij]
fkkq e`R;qnj 53 ,d gt+kj thfor tUesa fkkqvksa ij vkSj cky
e`R;qnj 16 0&4 okZ ds ,d gt+kj cPpksa ij cuh gqbZ gS] tks
Hkkjr dks vYi&fodflr nskksa dh d+rkj esa ykdj [kM+h dj nsrh
gSA
2

Hkkjr dh lkoZtfud LokLF; lsokvksa dh blh cngkyh ds esut+j
cky vf/kdkj laxBu ^lso n fpYMsu* dh rkt+k fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj Hkkjr
^ek* cuus ds fy, lcls fQ+lM~Mh txgksa esa kkfey gSA ^ek*
cuus ds fy, lokZske LFkkuksa dh lwph esa kkfey 77 nskksa


{8}

esa Hkkjr dk LFkku 73ok gSA ^LVsV vkWQ+ n oYM~lZ
enlZ&2010* uked fjiksVZ esa lokZf/kd pkSadkus okyh ckr ;g gS
fd Hkkjr dk LFkku fgalkxzLr o fodkl ls tw> jgs v+hdh nskksa &
dsU;k vkSj dkaxks & ls Hkh uhps gSA
3

mijksDr fjiksVkZsa ls LiV gS fd tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk ds rgr~
lalk/ku rks [k+wc [k+pZ gq, ysfdu ifj.kke larksk&vkkktud ugha
kIr gq,A ekuo fodkl lwpdkad] 2011 esa Hkkjr 187 nskksa esa
134osa LFkku ij jgkA og bl lwpdkad esa phu vkSj Jhyadk ls Hkh
ihNs gSA
4
mYys[kuh; gS fd efgyk, vkcknh dk vk/kk fgLlk gSa]
blfy, tcrd muds csgrj LokLF; dh eqdEey O;oLFkk ugha gksrh gS(
ekuo fodkl lwpdkad uhps gh jgsxkA
Lka;qDr jkV la?k dh egklHkk }kjk flrEcj] 2]000 esa lekoskh
vkSj lrr~ fodkl ds fy, ,d lkewfgd fodkl y{; vaxhdkj fd;k x;k] ftls
lgL=kCnh fodkl y{; dk uke fn;k x;kA blesa vkB y{; gSa] ftUgsa
2015 rd gkfly dj ysuk gSA Hkkjr Hkh bl lkewfgd y{; dks kIr djus
ds fy, dfVc) gSA pkSFkk vkSj ikpok y{; fkkq e`R;qnj o ekr`
e`R;qnj ?kVkuk gSA ekr` e`R;q nj dks 1995&2015 ds chp rhu


{9}

pkSFkkbZ de djuk gSA Hkkjr ljdkj ,e,evkj dks 2012 rd 100 ls uhps
ykus dk y{; j[krh gSA mijksDr fjiksVZ nkkZrh gS fd bl lUnHkZ esa
Hkkjr vHkh dkQ+h ihNs gSA
5

;kstuk ds ckcr tkudkjh] f;kU;ou vkSj fuxjkuh vkfn fofHkUu
igyqvksa ij lEsk.k dh Hkwfedk egoiw.kZ gksrh gSA bls iksfy;ks
mUewyu vfHk;ku ds ekeys esa le>k tk ldrk gSA blesa O;kid
tkx:drk vfHk;ku pykdj blij fu;a=.k ikus esa vkf[+kjdkj lQyrk kIr gks
x;hA gkykfd] nwljs dkj.kksa dks vuns[kk ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA blh
dkj tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk ds f;kUo;u esa fdu&fdu Lrjksa ij lEsk.k
dh D;k&D;k Hkwfedk gks ldrh gS vkSj dSls ;kstuk ds y{; dks kIr
fd;k tk lds] blh fok; ij dsfUr gS ;g kks/kA

1 & MsDdu gsjkYM] 17 ekpZ] 2012
2 & 3 & ;kstuk] flrEcj] 2011 ys[k & cqfu;knh LokLF; lsokvksa dk ladV
vkufUnrk JhokLro
4 & n fgUnw] 2 uoEcj] 2011
5& ;wuhlsQ+ bf.M;k


{10}

















v/;k; 3

leL;k dh foospuk


{11}









leL;k dh foospuk
euq; ,d lkekftd k.kh gSA og ,d nwljs ls vius fopkjksa o
Hkkoksa dk vknku&nku djus ds fy, laokn&lEsk.k dk lgkjk ysrk
gSA ;kfu fd lEsk.k gekjs nSfud thou esa ,d egoiw.kZ ro gSA
fdHkh Hkh ;kstuk dh lQyrk ds fy, O;kid tu&tkx:drk vfHk;ku] bldh


{12}

fujUrjrk vkSj ewY;kadu dh fugk;r t+:jr gksrh gSA tc ge ckr djrs
gSa LokLF; dh] rks lkDr lEsk.k dks njfd+ukj ugha fd;k tk ldrk
gSA LOkkLF; vkSj lEsk.k ,d nwljs ds iwjd gSaA dbZ chekfj;k
vkSj fLFkfr;k ,slh gksrh gSa fd ftuds ckjs esa ;fn Hkkoh <ax ls
tkudkjh nh tk;s vkSj yksx mls vius O;ogkj esa mrkjsa rks T+;knkrj
ekeyksa buij ldkjkRed fu;a=.k ik;k tk ldrk gSA elyu]
,pvkbZoh@,M~Lk] jDrnku] Lruiku] [kqys esa kkSp u djuk]
lkQ+&lqFkjk jguk] le; ij lHkh Vhds yxokuk vkfn dqN ,sls ekeys
gSa tgk lEsk.k dh Hkwfedk lkDr o HkkoksRiknd gksrh gSA
blh dkj tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk esa dbZ ,sls igyw gSa] tgk ;fn
lEsk.k dh mis{kk dh x;h rks gkfly nq:Lr ugha gksxkA dgrs gSa
fd tkudkjh gh cpko gSA ;kstuk ds ckjs esa lEiw.kZ o xgjh tkudkjh
gksus ij gh xHkZorh efgyk, vkSj muds ifjokj ds lnL; ykHk mBkus
ds bPNqd gksaxsA iqu% ;g tkudkjh lEsk.k ds ek/;e ls gh nh tk
ldrh gSA Lrqr v/;;u dh eq[; leL;k ;gh gS fd vc rd ;kstuk ds
f;kUo;u vkSj efgykvksa o cPpksa ds LokLF; esa lq/kkj djus esa


{13}

laoknghurk@vYirk@fuHkkfork dgk&dgk ij gS vkSj dSls bldk
fuokj.k fd;k tk ldsA
vHkh gky esa ukUnh Q+km.Msku dh vksj ls rS;kj djkbZ x;h
gaxkek fjiksVZ esa ;g ckr lekus vk;h fd Hkkjr esa c;kyhl Q+hln
cPps de ot+uh gSa vkSj 58-8 frkr cPps lkekU; ls de dn ds
gSaA ,d vU; fjiksVZ ds eqrkfcd Hkkjr esa lk<+s ikp djksM+ cPps
gj lky dqiksk.k dh otg ls vdky ekSr ds fkdkj gks tkrs gSaA
1

ekStwnk tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk esa dbZ ,sls ko/kku gSa tksfd
cPpksa ds lqiksk.k ls tqM+s gSaA ;fn efgykvksa dk leqfpr iksk.k
gksxk rks t+kfgj&lh ckr gS fd xHkZ esa iy jgk cPpk Hkh lqiksfkr
gksxkA blds vfrfjDr ;kstuk esa ko/kku gS fd lo ds rqjar ckn
efgyk dks cPps dks Lruiku djkus ds fy, ksRlkfgr djuk pkfg,
D;ksafd ek dk igyk xk<+k o ihyk nw/k cPps ds fy, vkSkf/krqY;
gSA ;g cPps esa jksx&frjks/kh {kerk fodflr djrk gSA ek dks cPps
dks Lruiku djus dks mRlkfgr djus ds fy, lEsk.k dh foksk
Hkwfedk gksrh gSA foMEcuk gS fd brus egoiw.kZ eqs dks
T+;knk xEHkhjrk ls ugha fy;k tkrk gSA


{14}










1 & gaxkek fjiksVZ
Tkuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk ds vUrxZr~ ekr`Ro ,uhfe;k ds [+kkRes ds
fy, 100 fnu rd ^vk;ju Q+ksfyd ,flM* ds vfuok;Z miHkksx dk
ko/kku gSA vkkk dk ;g nkf;Ro gksrk gS fd og xHkZorh efgyk dh
igpku dj vLirky esa mldk iathdj.k djok, vkSj mls rhu lo iwoZ tkp]
nks Vh-Vh ds batsDku vkSj 100 fnu ds fy, vkbZ,Q+, VScysV dh


{15}

miyC/krk vkSj miHkksx lqfufpr djok,A ;kfu fd lo iwoZ ekr`Ro
ns[kHkky esa ,uhfe;k ij d+kcw ikus ds fy, vk;ju Q+ksfyl ,flM
xksfy;ksa dk miHkksx cgqr t+:jh gSA
,d vkdM+s ds eqrkcfd mkj nsk esa jkst+kuk yxHkx 68
xHkZorh efgyk, ej jgh gSaA blesa ls 14 rks dsoy ,uhfe;k ds
dkj.kA vFkkZr~] ;fn efgyk, 100 fnu rd ,,Q+lh VScysV dk fu;fer
lsou djsa rks bl dkj.k gksus okyh 20 frkr ekSr ij fu;a=.k ik;k tk
ldrk gS!
1

,uhfe;k ds dkj.k [+kwu esa jDr :f/kj df.kdkvksa dh deh ;k
buesa gheksXyksfcu dk Lrj vR;f/kd de gks tkrk gSA bls [+kwu dk
irykiu Hkh dgrs gSaA bldk dkj.k vYi vkgkj] vk;ju dk x+yr rjhd+s ls
;ksx] iksk.k dh deh vkfn gSA blds ifj.kkeLo:Ik ekr` e`R;q] de
ot+uh cPps] ekufld fodykaxrk] jksx frjks/kd {kerk dk {kh.k gksuk
vkfn eqvkeys lkeus vkrs gSaA




{16}




1& jru dqekj JhokLro] LokLF; lEsk.k dk;Zkkyk] 9]10]11 Q+jojh] i=dkfjrk ,oa tulEsk.k foHkkx]
ch,p;w }kjk vk;ksftrA

Tkuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk esa lkekftd foi.ku ds rgr~ feyus okyh
xksfy;k fu%kqYd feyrh gSa] tcfd ckt+kj esa bldk nke cgqr
T+;knk gSA ;g euq; dh LokHkkfod o`fk gksrh gS fd og ftu
pht+ksa esa nke yxkrk gS] mls ysdj og T+;knk ijok djrk gSA vDlj
,sls ekeys lkeus vkrs gSa fd efgyk, vkbZ,Q+, VScysV ds lsou
dks ysdj ykijokgh cjrrh gSaA xksfy;ksa dk fu;fer lsou ^LokLF;
O;ogkj* ls tqM+k elyk gS] vr% ;gk O;ogkj esa ifjorZu ykus esa
Hkkoh lEsk.k dh lkDr Hkwfedk gks ldrh gSA
Lrqr kks/k esa bl ckr dk Hkh irk yxk;k tk;sxk fd
dkSu&dkSu&ls dkj.k gSa tks bu xksfy;ksa ds fu;fer lsou esa ck/kd
gSa vkSj mudk lEsk.k dh enn ls dSls fuokj.k fd;k tk;s!


{17}

















v/;k; 4

y{;


{18}









y{;
Lrqr kks/k dk;Z dk eq[; y{; tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk dh
HkkoksRikndrk vkSj bldh lQyrk gsrq Hkkoh lEsk.k ds ;ksx
dh lEHkkO;rk dk v/;;u djuk gSA blds ifj.kkeLo:Ik ;g irk py ldsxk fd
;kstuk ds fofHkUu LVsdgksYMjksa & MkWDVj] ,,u,e]


{19}

vkkk@vkxuokM+h dk;Zd=h] lo/kkfj.kh & esa fdu fcUnqvksa ij
laoknkwU;rk ;k fuHkkfork gS A
bl dkj fudkksZa ds vkyksd esa eq[;/kkjk vFkok oSdfYid
ehfM;k ;k ek/;e ds }kjk tkx:drk lEca/kh foKkiuksa dh fnkk o nkk r;
djus esa vklkuh gksxhA mYys[kuh; gS fd ckjgoha iapokhZ; ;kstuk
esa r`rh;d {ks= lsok esa LokLF; en esa vf/kd [+kpZ fd;k tkuk
gSA bl /kujkfk ds csgrj bLrseky ds fy, t+:jh gS fd ;g irk gks fd
foKkiuksa dh vUroZLrq esa ;kstuk ds fdu fcUnqvksa dks fkr ls
mHkkjk tk;sA
blds lkFk gh] MkWDVj] vkkk vkSj ,,u,e ds fk{k.k ds fy, bl
kks/k ds fudkksZa ls ,d ekWM~;wy cuk;k tk ldsxkA ;kstuk dh
egoiw.kZ dM+h vkkk cgqvksa@vkxuokM+h dk;Zdf=;ksa ds fy,
{kerk&fuekZ.k dk;Zeksa ds fy, fok;&oLrq fu/kkZj.k esa ;g kks/k
lgk;d gksxkA ekl ehfM;k ds lkFk&lkFk leqnk; Lrj ij lkDrhdj.k vkSj
visf{kr LokLF; O;ogkj ds fy, fofHkUu tkx:drk vfHk;kuksa dk [kkdk
rS;kj djus esa Hkh kks/k&fudkZ foksk ykHknk;d gksxkA



{20}


ms;
bl v/;;u ds fuEufyf[kr ms; gSa &
1- ;kstuk dh tkudkjh dk foysk.k(
2- lo iwoZ] njE;ku vkSj Ikpkr~ dh xfrfof/k dk v/;;u(
3- ksRlkgu&jkfk dh miyC/krk o mi;ksfxrk dk v/;;u(
4- vkkk dk;Zdf=;ksa dh dk;kZRed xfrfof/k;ksa vkSj
leL;kvksa dk v/;;u rFkk
5- lHkh LVsdgksYMjksa ds fy, Hkkoh lEsk.k gsrq ,d
dk;Z;kstuk dk fuekZ.kA






{21}





pj oSfj;cy
mijksDr ms;ksa dks vxzfyf[kr pjksa ds ek/;e ls ekik x;k &
1 ;kstuk dh tkudkjh dk foysk.k
d Tkkudkjh
d Tkkudkjh dk lzksr
2 lo iwoZ] njE;ku vkSj Ikpkr~ dh xfrfof/k dk v/;;u
v lo iwoZ tkp
d U;wure~ rhu ,,ulh tkp
[k VhVh ds batsDku
x vk;ju Q+ksfyd ,flM xksfy;ksa dk lsou


{22}

c lo ds nkSjku dh xfrfof/k;ksa dk foysk.k
d lo dk LFkku
[k futrk
x vko;d nokb;k o tkp
?k MkWDVjks@ulksZa o dfeZ;ksa dk O;ogkj
p vLirky esa Bgjus dh fe;kn


l loksijkar tkp o cPps dk Vhdkdj.k laca/kh
O;ogkj dk v/;;u
d Lruiku dh kq:vkr
[k Ikfjokj fu;kstu dk lykg
x Ikh,ulh Hkze.k
?k cPps dk Vhdkdj.k
p iwjd vkgkj
3 ksRlkgu&jkfk dh miyC/krk o mi;ksfxrk dk v/;;u
d ksRlkgu dh jkfk
[k Hkqxrku dk le;


{23}

4 vkkk dk;Zdf=Z;ksa dh dk;kZRed xfrfof/k;ksa o
leL;kvksa dk v/;;u
d HkrhZ dk le;
[k fk{k.k
x Hkwfedk
?k Ekkuns; dk Hkqxrku
p leL;k
5 lHkh LVsdgksYMjksa ds fy, Hkkoh lEsk.k gsrq
,d dk;Z;kstuk dk fuekZ.kA









v/;k; 5


{24}












fof/k esFkMksykWth
lexz


{25}

Lrqr v/;;u dk ;wuholZ cukjl ds xzkeh.k bykd+s dh efgyk,
gSaA bl kks/k dk;Z ds yf{kr oxZ esa os efgyk, gSa]
ftUgksaus fiNys ikp okkZsa esa tPpxh djokbZ gksA blds
ihNs rdZ ;g gS fd tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk dks ykxw fd;s gq, vHkh
ikp&Ng lky gh gq, gSaA blds lkFk gh] lEcaf/kr xko esa lsok
nsus okyh vkkk dk;Zdf=Z;k ls Hkh rF; ,df=r fd;s x;sA
frnkZu
frnkksZa dk pquko lqfo/kkRed frnkZu ds rgr~ fd;k
x;k gSA lqfo/kkRed frnkZu ds pquko dk dkj.k le; o
lalk/kuksa dh lhferrk gSA cukjl ds vkB [k.Mksa esa ls pkj
[k.Mksa ds ,d&,d xko esa ls 15&15 mkjnkrkvksa] vFkkZr~
60 mkjnkrkvksa dks lSEiy ds :Ik esa fy;k x;k gSA blds
vfrfjDr] R;sd xko esa ls ,d&,d vkkk dks Hkh crkSj lSEiy fy;k
x;k gSA bl dkj vkkkvksa ds fy, lSEiy dh dqy la[;k pkj gSA bl
rjg dqy frnkksZa dh la[;k 64 gSA CykWd vkSj xkoksa dk
p;u ch,p;w ls lehirk dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, fd;k x;kA rF;ksa ds


{26}

,d=hdj.k ds fy, vuqlwph vkSj lk{kkRdkj lwph kks/k fjiksVZ ds
lkFk layXu gSA



Pk;fur Xkkoksa dk fooj.k bl dkj gS &
CykWd Xkko
1- dkkh fo|kihB Rkkjkiqj
2- vjkthykbu dkkhiqj
3- pksykiqj Yk[kuiqj
4- gjgqvk ijekuUniqj
vfHkdYi
Lrqr kks/k dk;Z dks lEiUu djus ds fy, fMt+kbu ds :Ik esa
losZ{k.k i)fr dk pquko fd;k x;k gSA fofHkUu LVsdgksYMjksa &
MkWDVj] ,,u,e] vkkk@vkxuokM+h] xHkZ/kkfj.kh & ds e/;
laoknkwU;rk ;k laokn dh vYirk o fuHkkfork dh ifjdYiuk dk ijh{k.k
djus ds fy, ;gh fof/k mi;qDr gSA blds rgr~ yf{kr oxZ ls vkdM+ksa
dh kfIr ds fy, vuqlwph dk lgkjk fy;k x;k gSA ukoyh ds ctk,


{27}

vuqlwph ds p;u dk vk/kkj ;g gS fd blls le; dh cpr gksrh gS vkSj
mkjnkrk dks fdlh u ds u le>us ij mls le>k ldrs gSaA blds fy, ,d
dkj.k ;g Hkh gS fd T+;knkrj yf{kr lewg fkf{kr ugha gSA vkkkvksa
ls rF;ksa ds ,d=hdj.k ds fy, lk{kkRdkj fd;k x;kA pwfd vkkkvksa ds
fy, frnkZ la[;k ek= pkj gS] blfy, mi;qDr vkdM+ksa dh kfIr vkSj
muds foysk.k ds fy, ;g midj.k Bhd jgkA

midj.k
efgykvksa ls vkdM+ksa dh kfIr ds fy, midj.k ds rkSj ij
vuqlwph dk bLrseky vkSj vkkkvksa ds fy, lk{kkRdkj dk
bLrseky fd;k x;kA








v/;k; 6



{28}










v/;;u dh lhek
Lrqr kks/k dk;Z dks lEiUu djus esa dbZ leL;k, Hkh vkbaZ
vkSj lkFk gh bl kks/k dh viuh lhek, Hkh gSaA okjk.klh ds vkB


{29}

CykWd esa ls ,d&,d xko ls 10&10 vFkkZr~ 80 efgykvksa ls
vuqlwph ds t+fj, tkudkjh ysdj bldk lkekU;hdj.k mi;qDr ugha gSA
bu xkoksa o mkjnkrkvksa ds p;u esaa Hkh dksbZ O;oLFkkxr~
pu; i)fr dk ;ksx ugha fd;k x;kA blds vykok ms;ksa] pjksa vkSj bl
dkj ukssa ds fu/kkZj.k esa Hkh dqN dfe;k gks ldrh gSaA
losZ{k.k ds nkSjku dqN leL;k, vkbZaA dqN ifjokjksa }kjk
lg;ksxkRed O;ogkj ugha fd;k x;kA blds vykok mkjnkrkvksa }kjk
mkj rksM+&ejksM+dj isk fd;s tkus dh Hkh lEHkkouk fo|eku~
gSA kIr vkdM+ksa ds foysk.k vkSj Lrqrhdj.k esa Hkh dqN
[+kkfe;k gks ldrh gSaA







{30}


le; vkSj lalk/ku

okjk.klh ft+ys esa tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk ds ewY;kadu ds fy,
Lrko fuekZ.k] vuqlwph ds uksa ds fu/kkZj.k] vkdM+ksa
ds ,d=hdj.k] vkdM+ksa dk v/;;u] fjiksVZ cukus vkfn fofHkUu
dk;ksZa dks lEiUu djus esa yxHkx nks eghus dk le; yxkA bu
lHkh xfrfof/k;ksa ds fy, yxHkx ckjg lkS :Ik;s [+kpZ gq,A







{31}






{32}























v/;k; 7

ifjdYiuk vkSj lkekU;hdj.k


{33}


ifjdYiuk vkSj lkekU;hdj.k

tc Hkh ge fdlh fok; ij dksbZ ifjdYiuk cukrs gSa rks mldk
ijh{k.k djds ns[kk tkrk gS fd ;g dgk rd lgh gSA fofHkUu fjiksVkZsa
ds vk/kkj ij tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk ds leqfpr f;kUo;u ds vHkko dks ysdj
tks ifjdYiuk cuh] mldk ijh{k.k djus ds fy, losZ{k.k fof/k dk ;ksx fd;k
x;kA okjk.klh fT+kys esa fd;s x;s kks/k ds mijkar kIr fudkksaZ
ds vk/kkj ij ge bldk lefV Lrj ij lkekU;hdj.k dj ldrs gSaA


{34}
















v/;k; 8

lkfgR; dh leh{kk


{35}


lkfgR; dh leh{kk
okjk.klh ds xzkeh.k bykd+ksa esa tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk dh
Hkkodkfjrk dk v/;;u vkSj bldh lQyrk gsrq Hkkoh lEsk.k
dh lEHkkO;rk dk foysk.k fok; ij kks/k djus ls igys ;kstuk
lacU/kh fofHkUu fnkk&funZskksa vkSj bl ij gq, kks/k dh fjiksVZ
dk v/;;u fd;k x;kA lkfgR; dk fooj.k bl dkj gS &
1- bEiSDV vkWQ+ tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk vkWu lsysDVsM Q+sfeyh
gsYFk fcgSfo;lZ bu :jy mkj nsk ,e- bZ- [+kku] vfoksd
gkt+jk] bZkk HkVukxj(
2- dudjs.V vlsles.V vkWQ+ tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk bu lsysDVsM
LVsV~l& fcgkj] mkj nsk] e/; nsk] vksfMkk vkSj
jktLFkku la;qDr jkV tula[;k dksk] ;w,u,Q+ih,(
3- tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk % , fMekaM lkbM baVjosaku Q+kWj
eksfVax lsQ+ fMyhojh] Hkkjr ljdkj(


{36}

4- ts,lokbZ % Q+hplZ ,aM +hDosaVyh vkLDM~ DosLpUl ,aM
vkUllZ] Hkkjr ljdkj(
5- vkWijskuy xkbMykbUl Q+kWj bEiyhesaVsku vkWQ+ tuuh
lqj{kk ;kstuk] vksfMkk ljdkjA






Tkuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk & gkfy;k xfrfof/k
vkdM+ksa dh T+kqckuh
Ekkr`Ro lqj{kk dsoy Hkkjr dh gh ugha vfirq lewps r`rho foo
fodklkhy nsk dh fodV leL;k gSA ipkl ds nkd ds ckn Lora=
gq, fodklkhy nskksa ds bl le; eq[k y{; fodkl djuk gSA bl fodkl dh


{37}

nkSM+ esa vDlj os ekuo lalk/ku dh xfr esa ihNs gks tkrs gSaA
iwjs foo esa R;sd okZ ikp yk[k efgyk, lo lEcU/kh fnD+d+rksa
ds dkj.k ej tkrh gSA foMEcuk dh ckr gS fd blesa ls 99 Q+hln
ekeys fodklkhy nskksa ls gSaA
1
Hkkjrh; lSEiy jftLVsku flLVe ds egkiath;d ds vuqlkj fuft
vLirkyksa esa efgykvksa }kjk lo djokus esa dsjy lcls vkxs jgk]
ogha vksfMkk bl ekeys esa lcls ihNs jgkA lSEiy jftLVsku flLVe]
MkVk] 2010 ds eqrkfcd ljdkjh vLirkyksa esa lo djokus ds ekeys
esa rfeyukMq lcls vOoy jgk tcfd >kj[k.M lcls ihNsA vlqjf{kr lo ds
ekeys fcgkj esa 47 frkr] mkj nsk esa 35 frkr] e/; nsk
esa 27 frkr vkSj ifpe caxky esa 25 frkr jgsA ogha vlqjf{kr
rjhd+s ls lo dk ekeyk dsjy esa dsoy 0-2 frkr] rfeyukMq esa 0-9
frkr] vkU/kz nsk esa 1 frkr] iatkc esa 2-6 frkr] xqtjkr esa
8-8 frkr vkSj dukZVd esa 9-3 frkr gh ns[kus dks feykA 2




{38}


1 & ;wuhlsQ+ bf.M;k
2 & VkbELk vkWQ+ bf.M;k] 7 vSy] 2012
mijksDr nksuksa lUnHkZ ekr`Ro lqj{kk ij T+;knk lathnxh fn[kkus
ds ego dks nkkZrs gSaA lcls vge ckr ;g gS fd oSfod Lrj ij
fodklkhy nskksa esa vkSj Hkkjr esa yks ijQ+kfeZax jkT;ksa
,yih,l esa ekr`Ro lqj{kk dks ysdj vHkh cgqr dqN fd;k tkuk
ckd+h gSA








{39}





tuuh fkkq lqj{kk dk;Ze
dsUh; LokLF; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k ea=ky; }kjk 1 twu] lu~ 2011
dks gfj;k.kk ds esokr ft+ys ls tuuh fkkq lqj{kk dk;Ze pkyw fd;k
x;kA bl dk;Ze ds rgr~ xHkZorh efgykvksa vkSj chekj uotkr
fkkqvksa ds fy, mipkj dh ik=rk fcuk [+kpZ nku dh x;h gSA blds
vUrxZr xHkZorh efgykvksa dks ?kj ls LokLF; dsU ys tkus] tfVyrk
gksus ij nwljs LokLF; dsU Hkstus rFkk lo ds ckn ?kj okil
NksM+us ds fy, ifjogu lEcU/kh dksbZ [k+pZ ugha ogu djuk
iM+sxkA
ik=rk esa fu%kqYd nokb;k] miHkksT;k lkexzh] fu%kqYd
funku] vko;drk iM+us ij fu%kqYd jDr] efgyk ds lqfo/kk dsU esa


{40}

Bgjus ds nkSjku fu%kqYd Hkkstu] tksfd lkekU; lo ds fy, rhu fnu
vkSj fltsfj;u lsDku dh fLFkfr esa lkr fnu gksxk] kkfey gSA ,slh gh
ik=rk mu lHkh uotkr fkkqvkssa ds fy, j[kh x;h gS tks tUe ds rhl
fnu ds vUnj ljdkjh LokLF; lsokvksa esa vkrs gSaA bl igy ls ,d
djksM+ xHkZorh efgykvksa vkSj uotkr fkkqvksa ds ykHkkfUor
gksus dh lEHkkouk gS tks gj okZ kgjh vkSj xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa
ljdkjh LokLF; laLFkkvksa esa vkrs gSaA
tuuh fkkq lqj{kk dk;Ze igys ls py jgh tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk ds
lEiwjd ds rkSj ij gSA tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk ds rgr~ feyus okyh ud+n
lgk;rk dks vkSj foLrkj nsrs gq, ;g dk;Ze cuk;k x;k gSA bl dk;Ze
dk y{; lo ls lEcfU/kr fofHkUu fLFkfr;ksa esa yksxksa ij iM+us
okys Hkkj dks de djuk gSA
1

1 & jkVh; xzkeh.k LokLF; feku if=dk] uoEcj&fnlEcj 2011




{41}















{42}

fudkZ

okjk.klh ds xzkeh.k bykd+ksa esa tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk dh
Hkkodkfjrk dk v/;;u vkSj bldh lQyrk gsrq Hkkoh lEsk.k
dh lEHkkO;rk dk foysk.k fok; ij kks/k ds mijkar dqN
egoiw.kZ rF; dkk esa vk;sA lSEiy ds :Ik esa efgykvksa vkSj
vkkkvksa dk p;u fd;k x;k FkkA efgykvksa ls tkudkjh ysus ds fy,
vuqlwph vkSj vkkkvksa ds fy, lk{kkRdkj midj.k dk ;ksx fd;k x;kA
lcls igys efgykvksa }kjk nh x;h tkudkjh dk fooj.k bl dkj gS &
[k.M & ^v*
vuqHkkx ^d*
1- tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk ls lHkh yf{kr efgyk, voxr FkhaA gkykfd tc
muls lh/ks&lk/ks iwNk x;k fd D;k vki tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk ds ckjs
esa tkurh gSa] rks muesa ls dqN us vufHkKrk dV dhA tc
muls ^vkkk cgw*] ^1400 #i;s*] ^vLirky esa lo* vkfn


{43}

ladsrksa dk ;ksx djdss iwNk x;k rks muesa ls lHkh dks blds
ckjs esa tkudkjh FkhA
2- tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk dks xko&<k.kh igqpkus esa vkkk
dk;Zdf=;ksa dh egrh Hkwfedk jgh D;ksafd T+;knkrj
mkjnkrkvksa us tkudkjh ds lzksr esa vkkk dk uke fy;kA
ekr`Ro lqj{kk ds ckcr yksxksa dks tkx:d djus esa ehfM;k dh
Hkh [+kkl Hkwfedk jghA MkWDVjksa ds ek/;e ls feyus
okyksa dk frkr fuEu jgk &

3- tc efgykvksaa ls iwNk x;k fd efM;k esa foksk :Ik ls fdl ek/;e
ls tkudkjh kIr gqbZ rks gk esa vf/kdrj tokc jsfM;ks ds i{k
vk'kk@,,u,e
54 %
MkWDVj
11 %
ehfM;k
33 %
lHkh
2 %
tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk dh tkudkjh dk lzksr


{44}

vk;kA mUgksaus crk;k fd vkdkkok.kh vkSj fofo/k Hkkjrh ij
tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk ls lEcfU/kr dbZ foKkiu vkrs jgrs gSaA blds
vfrjfDr] ekr`Ro lqj{kk dks ysdj dk;Ze Hkh lkfjr gksrs gSaA
ehfM;k esa tkudkjh dk nwljs lzksr Vsyhfot+] lepkpkji= vkfn
jgsA bldk fooj.k bl dkj gS &

4- tc efgykvksa ls iwNk x;k fd D;k vki vkkk cgw ds ckjs esa
tkurh gSa] rks lHkh us gk us tokc fn;kA le>k tk ldrk gS fd
tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk ds rgr~ feyus okys ykHk dks okLrfod
YkkHkkfFkZ;ksa rd ys tkus vkSj mUgsa bldk csgrjhu
lekpkji=&if=dk
6 %
jsfM;ks
49 %
Vsyhoft+u
27 %
lkfgR;
11 %
lHkh
7 %
ehfM;k ek/;e


{45}

miHkksx djus dks ksRlkfgr djus esa vUroZS;fDrd lEsk.k
ds :Ik esa vkkkvksa dh [+kkl Hkwfedk jghA
5- lHkh mkjnkrk tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk ds rgr~ vLirky esa lo
djokus ij feyus okys ksRlkgujkfk ds ckjs esa tkurs gSaA
lg;ksx jkfk dk micU/k yksxksa dks T+;knk vkdfkZr dj jgk
gSA
6- vLirkyksa esa pkSchl ?k.Vs lo dh lqfo/kk ds ckjs esa iwNus
ij fefJr tokc vk;kA

vuqHkkx ^[k*
1- lo iwoZ U;wure~ rhu tkp] VhVh ds batsDku vkSj vk;ju
Q+ksfyd ,flM dh xksyh ds lsou ds ckjs esa 60 mkjnkrkvksa
esa ls 7 ls vufHkKrk t+kfgj dhA vkdM+ksa ls t+kfgj gS fd
gk
57 %
ugha
43 %
LokLF; dsU ij pkSchl ?k.Vs lo dh
lqfo/kk ds ckjs esa tkudkjh


{46}

loiwoZ ns[kHkky dks ysdj vis{kk vf/kd lathnxh vk;h gS]
ysfdu vHkh Hkh bl ckcr cgqr dqN fd;k tkuk ckd+h gSA

2- lo iwoZ rhu tkp ,,ulh ds fy, lHkh efgykvksa us iathdj.k
djk;k Fkk ] ysfdu---
3- dqN efgykvksa us iwjh tkp ugha djok;hA ogha
mkjnkrkvksa dk ,d cgqy oxZ us iwjh tkp iwjh dhA

4- mkjnkrkvksa esa ls vkB dks ugha irk gS fd lo iwoZ lkS
fnu rd fu;fer :Ik ls vk;ju Q+ksfyd ,flM dh xksyh [kkuk gksrk
gk
88 %
ugha
12 %
lo iwoZ U;wure~ rhu tkp] VhVh ds batsDku vkSj
vk;ju Q+ksfyd ,flM dh xksyh ds lsou ls voxr~
gk
93
%

ugha
7 %
D;k vkius rhuksa tkp djokbZ Fkh \


{47}

gSA mudks xksfy;ksa ds lsou ds ckjs esa rks irk gS ysfdu
fu;fer lsou ds ckjs esa mruh lathnxh ugha gSA

5- yxHkx lHkh efgykvksa dks irk gS fd vkbZ,Q+, VscysV vLirky
esa fu%kqYd feyrh gSaA

6- tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk esa 100 fnu rd fu;fer :Ik ls vk;ju Q+ksfyd
,flM xksfy;ksa dk ko/kku blhfy, fd;k x;k gS rkfd ekr`Ro
,uhfe;k ij fu;a=.k ik;k tk lds ( ysfdu dqN efgyk, bu xksfy;ksa
gk
87 %
ugha
13 %
100 fnu rd fu;fer :Ik ls vkbZ,Q, Vscysd ds lsou ds
ckjs esa tkudkjh
gk
95 %
ugha
5 %
vkbZ,Q+, xksfy;ksa dh fu%'kqYd miyC/krk ds
ckjs esa tkudkjh


{48}

dk fu;fer lsou ugha djrh gSaA

7- xksfy;ksa dk fu;fer lsou u djus okyh us fHkUu&fHkUu dkj.k
fn;kA dqN us crk;k fd vDlj vLirky esa dgrs gSa fd vHkh
xksyh ugha gS] blfy, og Hkh vfUkPNqd gks tkrh gSaA
ekuoh; Hkwy Hkh ,d cM+h otg jghA blds vfrfjDr] xksyh [kkus
ij dqN fnu rd dkyk ik[kkuk ;k nLr vkfn gksus ls dqN efgyk, Mj
x;h Fkha] blfy, xksfy;ksa ds fu;fer lsou esa ck/kk vk;hA tuuh
lqj{kk ;kstuk esa mfYyf[kr gS fd vkkkvksa dks efgykvksa
dks crkuk pkfg, fd kq: esa bu xksfy;ksa dk lsou djus ij dqN
fnD+d+rs vk ldrh gSa] ysfdu ;s dsoy kq:vkrh ijskkfu;k
gSaA ,d&nks lIrkg esa [+kqn&c&[+kqn lcdqN lgh gks tkrk
gSA lkQ+ gS fd ;gk Hkkoh lEsk.k dh t+:jr gSA
gk
70 %
ugha
30 %
vkbZ,Q+, xksfy;ksa dk fu;fer lsou


{49}

efgyk, tc ozr vkfn jgrh gSa rks pkgs og vkbZ,Q+,
VscysV gksa ;k dksbZ vkSj nokbZ] [kkus ls ijgst+ djrh gSaA
vDlj muij blds fy, ncko Hkh IkM+rk gSA tcfd ekr`Ro lqj{kk ds
fy, vko;d gS fd xHkZ/kkfj.k efgyk, ozr u jgsaA bl nkSjku
efgykvksa dks vis{kkr vf/kd iksk.k dh t+:jr gksrh gS]
D;ksafd muds lkFk ,d vkSj ft+Unxh tqM+h gksrh gSA
xksfy;ksa dh vuqiyC/krk ;g nkkZrh gS fd ;k rks ekx ds
vuq:Ik nokb;ksa dh vkiwfrZ ugha gks ik jgh gS ;k
forj.k&Ja[kyk esa dksbZ [+kkeh gSA

xksfy;ksa dh
vuqiyC/krk
12 %
ekuoh; Hkwy
37 %
dkyk ik[kkuk ;k nLr
vkfn gksuk
25 %
ozr
19 %
nwljh chekjh ds bykt
ds dkj.k
7 %
xksfy;ksa dk lsou u djus dk dkj.k


{50}

8- tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk ds rgr~ feyus okyh xksfy;ks ds lsou
lEcU/kh funsZkksa esa fy[kk gS fd xksfy;ksa ds lsou ds ,d
?k.Vs ckn rd pk; ;k dkQ+h ugh ihuk pkfg,A mkjnkrkvksa
esa dqN us xksfy;ksa ds lsou ds ,d ?k.Vs ds vUnj pk; vkfn
dk lsou fd;kA

vuqHkkx ^x*
1- yf{kr oxZ ls kIr mkjksa ds vk/kkj ge dg ldrs gSa fd tuuh
lqj{kk ;kstuk vius y{; esa dkQ+h gn rd lQYk jgh] D;ksafd
T+;knkrj efgykvksa us laLFkkxr~ lo djk;kA ljdkjh vLirky esa
gk
22 %
ugha
65 %
dHkh&dHkh
13 %
xksyh ysus ds ,d ?k.Vs ckn rd pk; ;k dkWQ+h dk
lsou


{51}

lo djokus okyh efgykvksa dks frkr T+;knk jgkA

2- ljdkjh vLirky esa lo djokus okyh efgykvksa us crk;k 51 dos
midsU] kFkfed LokLF; dsU vkfn ds ctk; ft+yk vLirky dks
T+;knk ojh;rk nsrh gSaA dkj.k] ogk fpfdRlk lqfo/kk, vis{kkr
?kj
3 %
ljdkjh vLirky
87 %
futh vLirky@Dyhfud
10 %
lo dk lFkku


{52}

csgrj gksrh gSaA

3- vLirky esa dHkh&dHkh efgykvksa dh futrk dk mYy?kau fd;k
x;kA k;% [kqys esa gh MkWDVjksa }kjk mudh tkp vkfn
djus ls mudks vlgtrk gqbZA

4- dbZ efgykvksa us crk;k fd vLirky esa tkp vkSj nokb;ksa dh
vuqiyC/krk jgrh gSA mUgsa ckgj ls nkob;k ysus rFkk tkp
midsU
4 %
kFkfed LokLF; dsU
10 %
lkeqnkf;d
LokLF; dsU
25 %
ft+yk vLirky
61 %
ljdkjh vLirky esa lo dk LFkku
gk
82 %
ugha
18%
vLirky esa futrk dk [+;ky j[kuk


{53}

djokus ds fy, fy[k fn;k tkrk gSA tcfd tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk esa
LiV mfYyf[kr gS fd vLirky esa gh efgykvksa dks vko;d lHkh
nkob;k vkSj uSnkfud lqfo/kk, feyuh pkfg,A

5- mkjnkrkvksa us crk;k fd vLirky esa k;% MkWDVjksa vkSj
vLirky dfeZ;ksa dk O;ogkj vlg;ksxkRed jgrk gSA

gk
53 %
ugha
47 %
vLirky esa nokbZ o uSnkfud O;oLFkk
lg;ksxkRed
60
%

vlg;ksxkRed
40 %
vLirky esa MkWDVjksa o dfeZ;ksa dk
O;ogkj


{54}

6- lo dh fr ds ckjs esa ;g tokc vk;k &

7- Lkjdkj vLirky esa lo djokus okyh efgykvksa dks ] ftudk lo
lkekU; Fkk] T+;knkrj 6&12 ?k.Vs gh :dus fn;k x;kA tuuh lqj{kk
;kstuk esa ;g vko;d ko/kku gS fd lkekU; lo dh nkk esa
de&ls&de 24 ?k.Vs vkSj tfVy lo dh voLFkk esa de&ls&de
24 ?k.Vs vLirky esa efgykvksa dks :duk pkfg,A fMyhojh ds
le; efgyk vkSj cPps ds lafer gksus dh lEHkkouk T+;knk
lkekU;
78 %
tfVy
22 %
lo dh fr


{55}

jgrh gSA bl le; mudks foksk /;ku dh t+:jr gksrh gSA

8- tfVy lo dh voLFkk esa vLirky esa efgykvksa ds Bgjus dh
fe;kn bl rjg jgh &

1&6 ?k.Vk
11 %
6&12 ?k.Vk
62 %
12&23 ?k.Vk
25 %
24&48
?k.Vk
2 %
lkekU; lo dh n'kk esa vLirky esa Bgjus dk le;
1&6 ?k.Vk
8 %
6&12 ?k.Vk
23 %
12&24 ?k.Vk
46%
24&48 ?k.Vk
23
%

tfVy lo dh voLFkk esa vLirky esa Bgjus dh fe;kn


{56}

9- tfVy lo dh voLFkk esa efgykvksa us crk;k fd fMyhojh tYnh
djokus ds fy, mUgsa dksbZ batsDku fn;k x;k FkkA
vkWDlhVkWflu ds batsDku dk bLrseky k;% yscj isu dks
c<+kus ds fy, djrs gSaA isV ij vuko;d ncko dh ekeyk lkeus
vk;kA tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk ds fnkk&funsZk esa lkQ+ fy[kk
gqvk gS fd lo ds nkSjku dksbZ tYnckt+h djus dh t+:jr ugha
gSA elkt] isV ij vuko;d ncko ;k batsDku nsus ls cpuk pkfg,A

vuqHkkx ^?k*
1- mkjnkrkvksa esa 55 efgykkvksa us crk;k fd mUgsa irk gS fd
tUe ds ,d ?k.Vs ds vUnj vkSj 6 eghus rd dsoy Lruiku gh djkuk
ekfy'k
23 %
batsD'ku
31 %
isV ij ncko
38 %
dqN ugha
8 %
tfVy lo dh voLFkk esa 'kh?kz lo ds fy, MkWDVjksa }kjk x;s
fd;s mik;


{57}

gksrk gSA os nqX/kiku dh egkk ls voxr~ gSaA ksk 5
efgykvksa us dgk fd mUgsa irk gS fd cPps dks 6 eghus rd
Lruiku djokuk gS ysfdu nks&rhu eghus ckn ij dk nw/k
xk;&HkSal dk nw/k] fMCck okyk nw/k vkfn fiykus yxrs
gSaA
2- uotkr cPps dks Lruiku djkus okyh efgykvksa us crk;k fd blds
ckjs esa mUgsa vkkk ls tkudkjh feyh vkSj mUgksaus blds fy,
gesa ksRlkfgr fd;kA ekr`Ro lqj{kk vkSj fkkq ns[kHkky esa
vkkkvksa us foksk Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA

gk
92 %
ugha
8 %
uotkr cPpss dks 6 eghus rd Lruiku djkus okyh
efgyk,
gk
93 %
ugha
7 %
uotkr cPpksa dks Lruiku ds fy, vk'kkvksa }kjk
ksRlkfgr dh x;h efgyk,


{58}

3- tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk esa fufnZV gS fd lo ds le; ek dks cPps dh
ns[kjs[k dh daxk: kSyh ds lUnHkZ esa tkudkjh vkSj bls ;ksx
djus ds fy, ksRlkfgr djuk pkfg,A daxk: kSyh dk eryc gS fd
ek }kjk cPps dks kq:vkrh fnuksa esa vius ls fpidk;s j[kukA blls
cPp dks vko;d xehZ feyrh jgrh gSA vkkkvksa dks blds ckjs
esa fkf{kr fd;k tkuk pkfg,] ftlls fd os efgykvksa dks crk ldsaA
mkjnkrkvksa esa cgqr de yksxksa dks blds ckjs esa irk FkkA

4- ekr`Ro lqj{kk ds t+:jh gS fd xHkZ/kkj.k dh vk;qlhek 19 okZ ls
ij gks rFkk nks cPpksa esa de&ls&de rhu lky dk vUrj gksA
vupkgs xHkZ ls cpus ds fy, ifjokj&fu;kstu ds lk/kuksa dks
viukuk t+:jh gksrk gSA tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk ds rgr~ ko/kku gS fd
cPps ds tUe ds le; ek dks vkkk }kjk ifjokj&fu;kstu ds fofHkUu
gk
23 %
ugha
77 %
daxk: 'kSyh ds ckjs esa tkudkjh


{59}

mik;ksa ds ckjs esa crk;k tk;sA

5- loiwoZ vkSj lo ds le; ds lkFk gh lo ds ckn dh ns[kjs[k t+:jh
gksrh gSA lo ds ckn lkrosa fnu efgykvksa dks LokLF; dsU
ij tkdj viuk psdvi djok ysuk pkfg,A lo ds ckn lkrosa fnu psdvi
ds ckjs esa ;s tokc vk;k &

gk
73 %
ugha
27 %
lo ds le; ifjokj fu;kstu ds ckjs esa vk'kkvksa }kjk voxr~ dh
x;h efgyk,
gk
75 %
ugha
25 %
D;k vkius lo ds lkros fnu viuk psdvi djok;k \


{60}

6- vf/kdkf/kd mkjnkrkvksa us crk;k fd mUgksaus loksijkar
vko;d tkp bR;kfn dj fy;k
FkkA
7- et+cwr frjks/kd {kerk fodflr djus ds fy, uotkr cPps dks vko;d
Vhdksa vkSj [+kqjkd dh t+:jr gksrh gSA ek vkSj ifjokj ds vU;
lnL;ksa dk ;g nkf;Ro gS fd os cPps dk lEi.kZ Vhdkdj.k
djok;saA mUgsa bl dk;Z ds fy, ksRlkfgr djuk vkkkvksa dk
nkf;Ro gksrk gSA T+;knkrj mkjnkrkvksa us crk;k fd
mUgksaus vius cPps dk lEiw.kZ
Vhdkdj.k djok;k gSA
gk
87 %
ugha
13 %
D;k vkius lo ds ckn lHkh tkp vkfn djok;k \
gk
68 %
ugha
32 %
cPps dk lEiw.kZ Vhdkdj.k


{61}

8- cPps dk Vhdkdj.k djokus okyh efgykvksa us fofHkUu Vhdksa
ds ckjs esa crk;k &

9- lcls [+kkl ckr ;g jgh fd cPps dk lEiw.kZ Vhdkdj.k djokus ds fy,
efgykvksa dks vkkk }kjk ksRlkfgr fd;k x;kA

10- uotkr cPps dks 6 eghus rd dsoy ek dk nw/k fiyk;k tkrk gSA
Ng eghu ds ckn cPps dks v)Zrjy [kk| inkFkZ vkSj vU; iwjd
chlhth
2 %
vkssihoh
5 %
MhihVh
5 %
[+kljk
2 %
foVkfeu ,
5 %
lHkh
81 %
Vhdk dk fr'kr
gk
95 %
ugha
5 %
cPps dk lEiw.kZZ Vhdkdj.k djus ds fy, vkidks
vk'kk }kjk ksRlkfgr fd;k x;k \


{62}

vkgkj fn;k tkrk gSA cPps dks dc fdruh ek=k esa D;k fn;k tkuk
gS] blds fy, efgykvksa dks vkkkvksa }kjk leqfpr tkudkjh nsus
dk ko/kku tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk esa fd;k x;k gSA vkkkvksa dks
bl fok; vf/kd tkx:d djus ds fy,] ftlls os efgykvksa dks le>k ldsa]
le;&le; ij {kerk&fuekZ.k dk;Ze vk;ksftr fd;s tkrs gSaA kks/k
esa T+;knkrj mkjnkrkvksa us crk;k fd vkkkvksa }kjk mUgsa
bl fok; ij vf/kd tkudkjh ugha nh x;hA



vuqHkkx ^p*
1- lo lEcU/kh fofHkUu [+kpksZa ls fuiVus ds fy, tuuh lqj{kk
;kstuk esa ko/kku gS fd lo ds le; gh xzkeh.k {ks= esa
1400 :Ik;s dk Hkqxrku dj fn;k tk;sA bl ksRlkgu&jkfk dk
gk
38 %
ugha
62 %
cPps dks vkgkj o iwjd vkgkj ds ckjs esa vk'kkvksa
}kjk efgykvksa dks voxr djkuk


{63}

csgrj bLrseky rHkh gksxk tc bldk Hkqxrku le; ij iwjk gksA
kks/k esa irk pyk gS fd dqN efgykvksa dks iwjh /kujkfk dk
Hkqxrku ugha fd;k x;kA

2- xHkZ/kkfj.kh efgykvksa dks ksRlkgujkfk ds Hkqxrku ds le;
ds ckcr ;g tokc vk;k &


501&1000 #
7 %
1001&1399 #
10 %
1400 #
83 %
Hkqxrku dh jkf'k
lo ds le;
30 %
1&7 fnu
38 %
7&14 fnu
22 %
14 fnu ls vf/kd
10 %
Hkqxrku dk le;


{64}

vuqHkkx ^N*
lq>ko
dqN efgykvksa us crk;k fd LokLF; dsUksa ij lqfo/kk,
c<+kuh tkuh pkfg,A ;fn LokLF; dsU ij lqfo/kk T+;knk lgh ugha
gksrh gS rks yksxksa dk fookl mB tkrk gSA blls yksx ljdkjh ds
ctk; futh LokLF; dsU ;k uflZax gkse esa lo djokus dks ojh;rk
nsrs gSaA
,d efgyk us lq>ko fn;k fd vLirky esa kkSpky; vkfn dh lqfo/kk
nq:Lr gksuh pkfg, gSA dHkh&dHkh mUgsa [kqys esa gh kkSp
vkfn djuk gksrk gS rks dkQ+h vlgtrk gksrh gSA blds vykok k;%
[kqys esa gh mudh tkp vkfn dk dke djrs gSa] blls mUgsa yTtk
vkrh gSA vLirky esa gekjh futrk dk lEeku djuk pkfg,A
,d efgyk us crk;k fd muds ifr lk{kj ugha gSaA ,d ckj MkWDVj
us mUgsa dksbZ nok [kkus ds ckjs esa le>k;k vkSj og le> ugha
ik;s rks MkWDVj mu ij >Yyk x;sA MkWDVj vDlj lh/ks eqg ckr
ugha djrs gSaA MkWDVjksa dks FkksM+k fouez Hkh gksuk
pkfg,A


{65}








[k.M ^c*
Pkkj vkkkvksa ls lk{kkRdkj ds vk/kkj ij tks tkudkjh kIr gqbZ] og
bl dkj gS &
Lkarksk dqekjh
1- pkj lky ls vkkk ds :Ik esa dk;Zjr~(
2- vkkk cuus ij fk{k.k fn;k x;k(
3- fofHkUu fok;ksa ij le;&le; ij fk{k.k Hkh fn;k tkrk gSA
4- Hkwfedk &
laLFkkxr lo dks c<+kok nsuk(


{66}

xHkZorh efgykvksa dks 1400 : dh lg;ksx jkfk dk
Hkqxrku djokuk]
xHkZorh efgykvksa dk tPpk&cPpk dkMZ cuokukA
5- leL;k &
ksRlkgujkfk] ;krk;kr [+kpZ vkSj VkatSDkuy [+kpZ dk
Hkqxrku le; ij ugha]
MkWDVjksa@LokLF; dfeZ;ksa@,,u,e dk vlg;ksxkRed
joS;k]
lo ds fy, ;krk;kr dk ca/k djus esa fnDd+rA
6- Lkq>ko & vkkkvksa dks Hkh lHkh Hkqxrku le; ij gksa vkSj
mUgsa lEeku fn;k tk;sA


Qwyerh
1- Ikkp lky ls vkkk ds :Ik esa dk;Zjr~(
2- vkkk cuus ij fk{k.k fn;k x;k(


{67}

3- fofHkUu fok;ksa ij le;&le; ij fk{k.k Hkh fn;k tkrk gSA
4- Hkwfedk &
lkoZtfud LokLF; lsokvksa vkSj efgykvksa ds e/; dM+h]
laLFkkxr~ lo dks c<+kok nsuk]
efgykvksa dks tkp o Vhdkdj.k ds fy, mRlkfgr djuk]
xHkZorh efgykvksa dks 1400 : dh lg;ksx jkfk dk
Hkqxrku djokukA
5- leL;k &
Oksru dk le; ij Hkqxrku ugha]
LokLF; dsUksa ij kkSp lEca/kh lqfo/kkvksa dh
nqnZkkA
6- Lkq>ko &
ge Hkh balku gSa] LokLF; dsUksa ij LoPN is;ty]
kkSp vkfn dh O;oLFkk gksuh pkfg,A osru dk Hkqxrku
le; ij gksA dHkh&dHkh rks gkFk esa iSlk ugha gksrk gS
rks ?kj ls ekxuk iM+rk gSA ?kjokys dgrs gSa fd ,slh


{68}

ukSd+jh djus ls D;k Q+k;nk fd fdjk;s rd ds fy, ?kj ls :Ik;k
ysuk iM+sA

js[kk dqekjh
1- Ikkp lky ls vkkk ds :Ik esa dk;Zjr~(
2- vkkk cuus ij fk{k.k fn;k x;k(
3- fofHkUu fok;ksa ij le;&le; ij fk{k.k Hkh fn;k tkrk gSA
4- Hkwfedk &
xHkZorh efgykvksa dk vLirky esa iathdj.k djokuk vkSj
mudks vLirky esa lo djokus ds fy, ksRlkfgr djuk]
efgykvksa dks lo ds le; 1400 :Ik;s dh ksRlkgu jkfk
dk Hkqxrku djokuk]
efgyk dks lo iwoZ lHkh tkp djokus] batsDku o Vhds
yxokus rFkk vkbZ,Q+, VScysV ds lsou ds fy, mRlkfgr
djuk]


{69}

cPPks dk lEiw.kZ Vhdkdj.k djus ds fy, gkSlykvQ+tkbZ
djuk]
efgykvksa dks ifjokj fu;kstu ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nsukA
5- leL;k&
xko okyksa dk mis{kkiw.kZ joS;k]
vxM+h tkfr;ksa ds yksx ljdkjh vLirky esa tkus ds fy,
rS;kj ugha gksrs gSa]
cPps dks Vhdk vkfn yxkous ds ckn lwt+u ;k cq[+kkj gks
tkus ij efgyk, ?kcjk tkrh gSa vkSj Vhdk yxokus esa
vkukdkuh djrh gSa]
,,u,e dk joS;k lg;ksxkRed ugha gSA og ckWl&tSlk
O;ogkj djrh gSaA cSBd esa nsj ls vkrh gSa vkSj tYnh
Hkkx tkrh gSaA dqN ,,u,e rks lgh ls Vhdk Hkh ugha yxk
ikrh gSa(
Oksru dk le; ij Hkqxrku ugha gksrk gSA vf/kdkjh dgrs
gSa fd vHkh tkp py jgh gSA gekjh ckr Vkyrs jgrs gSaA


{70}

tc gkFk esa iSlk ugha gksrk gS rks dke esa Hkh eu
ugha yxrk gSA
;kstuk dh ckjhfd+;ksa ls ukokd+fQ+;r gSA blfy,
dHkh&dHkh efgykvksa dks le>kus esa fnD+d+r isk
vkrh gSA
6- Lkq>ko &
gekjk iSlk gesa le; ij feysA tkp gks ;k vkSj dqN vkSj]
cM+s vf/kdkfj;ksa dk iSlk ugha jksdk tkrk rks gekjk gh
D;ksa jksdk tkrk gSA
,,u,e nhnh vkSj nwljs dehZ ge yksxksa ds fr Hkh
FkksM+k laosnukhy jgasA
;kstuk dh ckjhfd+;ksa ls voxr djk;k tk;sA






{71}



kk nsoh
1- rhu lky ls vkkk ds :Ik esa dk;Zjr~(
2- vkkk cuus ij fk{k.k fn;k x;k(
3- fofHkUu fok;ksa ij le;&le; ij fk{k.k Hkh fn;k tkrk gSA
4- Hkwfedk &
laLFkkxr~ lo dks c<+kok nsuk]
lkoZtfud LokLF; lsokvksa vkSj efgykvksa ds e/; dM+h]
efgykvksa dks vLirky csf>>d tkus ds fy, ksRlkfgr djuk]
efgykvksa }kjk cPPks dks Ng eghus rd dsoy Lruiku
djkus dh lykg nsuk]
xHkZorh efgykvksa dks 1400 : dh lg;ksx jkfk dk
Hkqxrku djokuk]
cPps dks vkgkj vkSj iwjd vkgkj nsus ds fy, ek dks
fkf{kr djuk]


{72}

efgykvksa dks tkp o Vhdkdj.k ds fy, mRlkfgr djuk A
5- leL;k &
Oksru dk le; ij Hkqxrku ugha]
MkWDVjksa@LokLF; dfeZ;ksa@,,u,e dk vlg;ksxkRed
joS;k]
Ikfjokjtuksa dk vlg;ksxA nwljh efgykvksa vkSj muds
cPpksa dh ns[kHkky djrs&djrs ge vius cPps dh leqfpr
ns[kjs[k ugha dj ikrs gSaA blds vykok] ?kjokys gels
mEehn djrs gSa fd dke ls ykSVdj ?kj dk lkjk dkedkt
djsaA Fkdgkj dj ykSVus ij kjhj esa tku ugha jgrh gSA
?kj okys rkuk lqukrs gSa fd ?kj dk dke Hkh ugha djrh
gSa vkSj iSlk Hkh dksbZ ugha ykrh gSaA
lo ds fy, ;krk;kr dk ca/k djus esa fnDd+r]
LokLF; dsUksa ij kkSp lEca/kh lqfo/kkvksa dh
nqnZkk]
Lkeqfpr fk{k.k dk vHkko]


{73}

lkIrkfgd cSBd k;% [kqys esa gksrh gSA cSBus ds fy,
njh Hkh ugha gksrh gSA [kqys esa fk{k.k gksus ij
T+;knk le; es ugha vkrk gSA ,d rks yksx vkrs&tkrs jgrs
gSa vkSj dHkh&dHkh rks tujsVj Hkh pyrk jgrk gSA blls
vkokt+ ihNs rd ugha vkrh jgrh gSA
6- lq>ko &
vkkk dks feyus okyh /kujkfk c<+kbZ tk;sA de osru ls
ge vHkh vkRefuHkZj ugha gks lds gSa vkSj NksVh&lh
T+:jr ds fy, Hkh ?kjokyksa dk eqg tksguk iM+rk gSA
vHkh tks :Ik;k feyrk gS] ,d rks og vi;kZIRk gS vkSj nwljs
le; ij feyrk ugha gSA
,,u,e vkSj MkWDVj yksx balkfu;r ls isk vk;saA muds
kkSpky; esa pys tkus ij dgrs gSa fd ge yksx bls xank dj
nsrs gSaA





{74}

Lkkj&la{ksi

Pkkj vkkkvksa ls lk{kkRdkj ds ckn dbZ ewYkHkwr eqs
dkk esa vk;sA tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk esa vkkk cgw dks lkoZtfud
LokLF; lsokvksa vkSj xHkZ/kkfj.kh efgykvksa ds chp ,d dM+h
ekuk x;k gS] ysfdu lk{kkRdkj esa vkkkvksa }kjk crkbZ x;h
leL;kvksa ls t+kfgj gS fd ;g dM+h ukt+qd voLFkk esa gSA blesa
nks jk; ugha gS fd vkkkvksa dh dk;Z.kkyh ls laLFkkxr~ lo esa
o`f) gqbZ gS vkSj yksx ekr`Ro&fkkq lqj{kk dks ysdj vc T+;knk ltx
gSaA
vkkkvksa dks ?kj ls ysdj vLirky rd t+ykyr >syuh iM+rh gSA
vkkkvksa }kjk ?kj esa lnL;ksa dk rkuk rks vLirky esa vk/kkjHkwr
lqfo/kkvksa ds vHkko dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA ,,u,e vkSj
MkWDVjksa dks joS;k Hkh vis{k;k lg;ksxkRed ugha gSA
lcls cM+h leL;k rks osru dks ysdj gSA le; ij iwjh /kujkfk dk
Hkqxrku u gksus ij vkkkvksa dh dke esa fnypLih de gksrh tk jgh


{75}

gSA mudk ekuuk gS fd ,slk dke djus ls D;k Q+k;nk fd fnu&Hkj
tkM+k&xehZ&cjlkr esa [kVks vkSj iSLks ds fy, ?kj dh vksj ns[kksA
lk{kkRdkj ls LiV gS fd vkkk, xHkZorh efgykvksa ds fy, rks
vkkk dh fdj.k gSa ysfdu mudh viuh vkkk fujkkk esa cny jgh
gSA











v/;k; 10

lq>ko


{76}








lq>ko
okjk.klh ds xzkeh.k bykd+ksa esa tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk dh
Hkkodkfjrk dk v/;;u vkSj bldh lQyrk gsrq Hkkoh lEsk.k
dh lEHkkO;rk dk foysk.k ds mijkar ge fuEufyf[kr lq>ko ns ldrs
gSa &


{77}

O;oLFkkxr~
1- Lkjdkjh LokLF; lsokvksa vkSj xHkZorh efgyvksa ds e/; dM+h
ds :Ik esa dk;Z djus okyh vkkkvkssa dk osru le; ij vkSj iwjk
Hkqxrku fd;k tk;sA
2- vkkkvksa ds fy, LokLF; dsUksa ij LoPN is;ty rFkk
kkSpky; vkfn dh leqfpr O;oLFkk gksuh pkfg,A
3- vkkkvksaa ds fy, le;&le; ij tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk ds fofHkUu
igyqvksa ij tkudkjh ds fy, {kerk&fuekZ.k dk;Zeksa dk
vk;kstu fd;k tk;sA
4- MkWDVj] ,,u,e vkSj vLirky ds nwljs dfeZ;ksa dk joS;k
vkkkvksa ds fr lg;ksxRed gksuk pkfg,A
5- vkkkvksa ds fy, lkIrkfgd :Ik ls vk;ksftr gksus okyk fk{k.k
dk;Ze kkUr txgksa ij gksuk pkfg,] tgk vkkkvksa ds cSBus
dh leqfpr O;oLFkk gksA
6- xHkZorh efgyk] xzke iapk;r] vkkk] LokLF; dsU vkfn ds e/;
;krk;kr ds fy, ,d Hkkoh ra= fodflr gks] ftlls lo dh fLFkfr vkus
ij efgyk dks rRdky vLirky ys tk;k tk ldsA


{78}

7- LokLF; dsU ij nokb;ksa] uSnkfud O;oLFkk vkfn dh eqdEey
O;oLFkk gksA efgykvksa dks lHkh vko;d nokb;k vkSj tkp
vkfn vLirky esaa gh lqyHk gksA
8- vLirky esa vkkkvksa] ejhtksa] MkWDVjksa vkfn ds fy, kkSp
dh O;oLFkk gks rFkk vLirky ifjlj lkQ+&lqFkjk gks] ftlls lae.k
QSyus dh lEHkkouk u gksA
9- MkWDVj ejhtksa dks ckgj ls nok ysus ds fy, u fy[ksaA
10- vLirky esa ejhtksa dh futrk dk [+;ky j[kk tk;sA k;% [kqys
esa tkp vkfn djus ls efgyk, ladkspok vxyh ckj ugha vkuk
pkgrh gSaA
11- ekx ds vuq:Ik kFkfed vkSj lkeqnkf;d LokLF; dsUksa ij
vk;ju dh xksfy;ksa dh vkiwfrZ vkSj miyC/krk lqfufpr dh tk;sA
12- MkWDVjksa dk Q+tZ curk gS fd os efgykvksa dks xksfy;k
ckgj ls ysus ds fy, u fy[ksa] vLirky ls gh mldh vkiwfrZ lqfufpr
dj nsaA
13- xHkZorh efgyk dks ksRlkgu jkfk ds :Ik esa feyus
okyh 1400 :i;s dh /kujkfk dk le; ij vkSj iwjk Hkqxrku lqfufpr


{79}

gksA ;fn le; ij efgykvksa dks lg;ksx jkfk ugha feyrh gS rks
bldk dksbZ fokk Q+k;nk ugha gksxkA
14- xHkZorh efgyk vkSj mlds ifjokj ds lnL;ksa dksbZ nok ;k
tkp vkfn le>kus esa MkWDVj ;k dsfeLV dksbZ >YykgV
vFkok vkukdkuh u fn[kk,A vDlj yksxksa dks nok vkfn dk
lsou ,d ckj esa ugha le> vkrk gSA



lq>ko & tulEsk.k ds ifjs{; esa
1- lo iwoZ ns[kHkky & ,uhfe;k chekjh ds dkj.k] y{k.k vkSj
blls cpus esa vk;ju Q+ksfyd ,flM xksfy;ksa ds lsou dk
ego( VhVh batsDku & lokskj ns[kHkky vkfn ds fok;
esa ehfM;k ds ek/;e ls O;kid tutkx:drk vfHk;ku pyk;k
tk;sA ftl leqnk; esa v/;;u fd;k x;k ogk jsfM;ks tkudkjh dk
,d lkDr lzksr jgkA blfy, bl ek/;e dk csgrjhu mi;ksx fd;k tk


{80}

ldrk gSA jsfM;ks lEsk.k dk ,d varjax vkSj LkLrk ek/;e
gSA xzkeh.k leqnk; ds bldh igqp vklku Hkh gSA
2- vkkk@vkxuokM+h dk;Zd=h@,,u,e vkfn lEidZ lw=
lkoZtfud LokLF; lsokvksa vkSj xzkeh.k@kgjh leqnk; ds
chp ,d egoiw.kZ dM+h gSaA vUroSZ;fDrd lEsk.k ds
ek/;e ls ;s dfM+;k ;kstuk] chekjh] cpko vkfn ds pkj&lkj
esa egrh Hkwfedk dk fuoZgu~ dj jgh gSaA buds fy,
le;&le; ij {kerk&fuekZ.k dk;Zeksa dk vk;kstu Hkh fd;k tk
ldrk gS] ftlls fd ;s yksx ekr`Ro&fkkq lqj{kk dh
ckjhfd+;ksa ls okfd+Q+ gksa vkSj xHkZorh efgykvksa
vkSj muds ifjokj ds lnL;ksa dks ;kstuk dk ykHk mBkus ds
fy, jkT+kh djk ldsaA
3- leqnk; vk/kkfjr foksk tkx:drk vfHk;ku o jSyh fudkyh tkuh
pkfg, ftlesa efgykvksa o muds ifjokj ds yksxksa dks crk;k
fd xHkkZoLFkk esa xksfy;ksa dk fu;fer lsou] rhuksa ,,ulh
Hkze.k] VhVh batsDku] lokskj ns[kHkky] Lo;a vkSj
cPps dk lEiw.kZ Vhdkdj.k] lqiksfkr Hkkstu vkfn vfuok;Z
gSaA


{81}

4- ehfM;k vkSj lkaLfrd ek/;eksa dk bLrseky djrs gq, bl ckr
ij foksk t+ksj fn;k tk;s fd vk;ju Q+ksfyd ,flM nokb;ksa dk
lsou djus ij kq: esa FkksM+h&cgqr fnDd+r Hkh vk ldrh
gS] ysfdu ;g lkekU; ckr gS vkSj ;s Hkko nks&rhu lIRkkg
esa [+kqn&c&[+kqn lekIr gks tkrs gSaA xHkkZoLFkk ds
nkSjku ozr bR;kfn ugha j[kuk pkfg,A bl ckjs esa tkx:d
djus ds fy, uqDdM+ ukVd] dBiqryh dh ukp] ukSVadh]
yksdxhr] jkeyhyk ds njE;ku NksVh&lh ukfVdk vkfn dk
nkZUk vkSj ;ksx Hkh foksk ykHknk;h gksxkA
5- {ks=h; Hkkkk esa ljy kCnksa eas fp=ksa dk leqfpr
bLrseky djrs gq, tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk ds fofHkUu igyqvksa
ds lUnHkZ esa lkfgR; dk dkku o forj.k lqfufpr fd;k
tk;sA
6- Tkuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk ds rgr~ feyus okys ykHk] Vhdkdj.k]
laLFkkxr~ lo dk ego vkfn lHkh tkudkfj;ksa dks
lkoZtfud Hkouksa dh nhokjksa ij fy[kok;k o fpf=r fd;k
tk;sA


{82}

7- lo ds le; efgykvksa dks cPps dks ,d ?k.Vs ds vUnj vkSj
Ng ekg rd dsoy Lruiku djokus ds fy, vkkkvksa }kjk
ksRlkfgr fd;k tk;sA vUroSZ;fDrd lEsk.k dk csgrjhu
mi;ksx djrs gq, vkkkvksa dks uotkr cPps ds iksk.k vkSj
nqX/kiku dh egkk ls voxr~ djk;k tkuk ykHknk;h gksxkA
pwfd vkkk efgyk ds gh xko dh gksrh gSa] blfy, efgyk,
Hkh fu%ladksp Lruiku lEcU/kh tfVyrkvksa ds ckcr [kqydj
ckr dj ldrh gSaA
8- Tkuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk ds ckcr iksLVj@gksfMZax vkfn dks
txg&txg ij yxok;k tk;s] ftlls xkgs&cxkgs bldk lUnsk
yksxksa rd lEsfkr gks tk;sxkA
9- Ekkr`Ro&fkkq lqj{kk ij ,d MkWD;wesaVh o`kfp=
cuk;h tk ldrh gS] ftldk leqnk; vk/kkj ij nkZu fd;k tk;s
vkSj lgHkkxh&lapkj dh fof/k dk ;ksx djrs gq, muds e/;
ppkZ dh tk;sA




{83}
















v/;k; 11

tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk esa lHkh
LVsdgksYMj ds fy,
dk;Z;kstuk


{84}

Tkuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk esa lHkh LVsdgksYMlZ
ds fy, ,d dk;Z;kstuk
MkWDVj
MkWDVj@dsfeLV@ulksaZ vkfn ds fy, muds dkslZ &
,echch,l] chQ+kekZ] uflZax & vkfn esa LokLF; lEsk.k ij ,d
fMIyksek dkslZ vfuok;Z dj fn;k tk;sA blls os ;g lh[k ldsaxs fd
dSls ejhtksa ls isk vk;k tk;sA gkykfd uflZax esa bl ckrij
T+;knk /;ku fn;k tkrk gSA bl dkslZ esa mUgsa ^ilZuy Vp*]
ejhtksa dh ckr /kS;Z ls lquuk] mUgsa vkSj T+;knk cksyus ds
fy, ksRlkfgr djuk] ?kjokyksa dks lHkh ckrksa ls voxr~ djkrs
jguk] ejhtksa dh fgEer o gkSlykvQ+tkbZ djuk vkfn ckrs
lfEefyr gksaxhA x+kSjryc gS fd ikpkR; nskksa esa ,slk gks
jgk gSA ogk esfMdy dh i<+kbZ ds lkFk&lkFk lapkj lEcU/kh
fMIyksek Hkh vfuok;Z gSA
dkslZ ds lkFk bu fcYV lapkj fMIyksek dk ek/;e Hkkoh
MkWDVjksa ds fy, gSA mYys[kuh; gS fd vHkh LokLF;


{85}

dsUksa esa tks MkWDVj dk;Zjr~ gSa os bl dkj ds dkslZ
ds fy, behxzs.V gksaxsA blfy, ,sls MkWDVjksa vkSj dsfeLV
ds fy, foksk vfHkeq[khdj.k dk;Ze vksfj,.Vsku ksxzke
pyk;s tk;saA bl dk;Ze esa mUgsa vukSipkfjd fk{kk ds rkSj
ij LokLF; lEsk.k ls lEcfU/kr fofHkUu eqksa ij tkudkjh nh
tk;sA ,sls dk;Zeksa dk LFkku] le; vkSj <x vyx gksxkA
MkWDVjksa dks vLirky esa gh kke ds oD+r] xfrfof/k vk/kkfjr
fk{k.k ds :Ik esa tkudkjh nh tk ldrh gSA
,sls fMIyksek dkslZ vkSj vksfj,.Vsku ksxzke vkt ds ifj;
esa & fokskdj lkoZtfud LokLF; ds {ks= esa & fugk;r t+:jh
gSaA vkt tc equkQ+k dekuk eq[; y{; gksrk tk jgk gS] ,sls nkSj
esa MkWDVj vkSj ejht dk fjrk Hkh fleVrk tk jgk gSA vc dsoy
uSnkfud fjiksVkZsa dks ns[kdj nok fy[k nsus rd gh
MkWDVjksa ds mkjnkf;o fleVrs tk jgs gSaA dgrs gSa fd
MkWDVjksa dh Q+udkjh ds lkFk&lkFk O;ogkj Hkh ejhtksa
dks larqfV nku djrk gSA
,sls fMIyksek dkslZ vkSj vksfj,.Vsku ksxzke dks yf{kr
gksdj vatke rd igqpkus ds fy, foksk lapkj LkaLFkku~ [kksys


{86}

tk ldrs gSa vFkok igys ls py jgs laLFkkuksa esa bls pkyw
fd;k tk ldrk gSA lkeqnkf;d esfMflu foHkkx bl fnkk esa ,d
mYys[kuh; xfr gSA













{87}

vkkkvksa ds fy, dk;Z;kstuk
vkkkvksa dh HkrhZ] fk{k.k vkSj le;&le; ij {kerk&fuekZ.k
dk;Zeksa ds lEiknu ds fy, HkrhZ ,oa dkfeZd fk{k.k
LkaLFkku~ [kksys tk ldrs gSaA vkkkvksa ds mUu;u ds fy, ;g
,dhr ;kl gksxkA laLFkku~ esa fk{kd ds :Ik esa lapkj
v/;;u] fodkl fokskK] lkeqnkf;d LokLF; dk;ZdrkZ vkfn dks
fu;qDr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
,d vkSj fodYi ;g gks ldrk gS fd ,d gh laLFkku~ i=dkfjrk
fk{k.k laLFkku~] lkeqnkf;d fpfdRlk foHkkx] x+Sj&ljdkjh
laxBu dks MkWDVjksa vkSj vkkkvksa ds fk{k.k ds fy,
mkjnk;h Bgjk;k tk ldrk gSA ,d gh ladk; esa vkkkvksa ds fy,
vkSj MkWDVjksa ds fy, vyx&vyx fk{k.k foHkkx gks ldrs
gSaA blds vfrfjDr] MkWDVj vkSj vkkk dh dkWeu DyklsT+k
yh tk ldrh gSa] blls vkkk, MkWDVjksa ds lkFk vkSj
MkWDVj vkkkvksa ds lkFk lgt gks ldsaxsA



{88}

xHkZorh efgykvksa ds fy, dk;Z;kstuk
xHkZorh efgykvksa ds fy, lkaLfrd ek/;eksa & uqDdM+
ukVd] tkx:drk vfHk;ku vkfn & dk csgrjhu mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk
gSA














v/;k; 12

lUnHkZ lwph


{89}









lUnHkZ lwph
fjiksVZ &
1- MsDdu gsjkYM] 17 ekpZ] 2012
2- ;kstuk] flrEcj] 2011 ys[k & cqfu;knh LokLF; lsokvksa dk ladV vkufUnrk
JhokLro
3- n fgUnw] 2 uoEcj] 2011
4- gaxkek fjiksVZ
5- LokLF; lEsk.k dk;Zkkyk] 9]10]11 Q+jojh] i=dkfjrk ,oa tulEsk.k foHkkx] ch,p;w
}kjk vk;ksftrA
6- ;wuhlsQ+ bf.M;k
7- VkbELk vkWQ+ bf.M;k] 7 vSy] 2012
8- jkVh; xzkeh.k LokLF; feku if=dk] uoEcj&fnlEcj 2011


{90}

iqLrd &
1- bEiSDV vkWQ+ tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk vkWu lsysDVsM Q+sfeyh gsYFk fcgSfo;lZ bu
:jy mkj nsk ,e- bZ- [+kku] vfoksd gkt+jk] bZkk HkVukxj(
2- dudjs.V vlsles.V vkWQ+ tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk bu lsysDVsM LVsV~l& fcgkj] mkj
nsk] e/; nsk] vksfMkk vkSj jktLFkku la;qDr jkV tula[;k dksk] ;w,u,Q+ih,(
3- tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk % , fMekaM lkbM baVjosaku Q+kWj eksfVax lsQ+ fMyhojh]
Hkkjr ljdkj(
4- ts,lokbZ % Q+hplZ ,aM +hDosaVyh vkLDM~ DosLpUl ,aM vkUllZ] Hkkjr ljdkj(
5- vkWijskuy xkbMykbUl Q+kWj bEiyhesaVsku vkWQ+ tuuh lqj{kk ;kstuk]
vksfMkk ljdkjA