WHO Model List of Essential Medicines

WHOModelList
of
EssentialMedicines
18thlist
(April2013)
Statusofthisdocument
ThisisareprintofthetextontheWHOMedicineswebsite
http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/en/index.html
Thepublishedmaterialisbeingdistributedwithoutwarrantyofanykind,eitherexpressedorimplied.The
responsibilityfortheinterpretationanduseofthemateriallieswiththereader.InnoeventshalltheWorldHealth
Organizationbeliablefordamagesarisingfromitsuse.
18thedition
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList(April2013)
ExplanatoryNotes
Thecorelistpresentsalistofminimummedicineneedsforabasichealthcaresystem,listingthemost
efficacious,safeandcosteffectivemedicinesforpriorityconditions.Priorityconditionsareselectedonthe
basisofcurrentandestimatedfuturepublichealthrelevance,andpotentialforsafeandcosteffective
treatment.
Thecomplementarylistpresentsessentialmedicinesforprioritydiseases,forwhichspecializeddiagnostic
ormonitoringfacilities,and/orspecialistmedicalcare,and/orspecialisttrainingareneeded.Incaseofdoubt
medicinesmayalsobelistedascomplementaryonthebasisofconsistenthighercostsorlessattractivecost
effectivenessinavarietyofsettings.
Thesquareboxsymbol()isprimarilyintendedtoindicatesimilarclinicalperformancewithina
pharmacologicalclass.Thelistedmedicineshouldbetheexampleoftheclassforwhichthereisthebest
evidenceforeffectivenessandsafety.Insomecases,thismaybethefirstmedicinethatislicensedfor
marketing;inotherinstances,subsequentlylicensedcompoundsmaybesaferormoreeffective.Wherethere
isnodifferenceintermsofefficacyandsafetydata,thelistedmedicineshouldbetheonethatisgenerally
availableatthelowestprice,basedoninternationaldrugpriceinformationsources.Notallsquareboxesare
applicabletomedicineselectionforchildrenseethesecondEMLcfordetails.
Therapeuticequivalenceisonlyindicatedonthebasisofreviewsofefficacyandsafetyandwhenconsistent
withWHOclinicalguidelines.Nationallistsshouldnotuseasimilarsymbolandshouldbespecificintheir
finalselection,whichwoulddependonlocalavailabilityandprice.
Theasymbolindicatesthatthereisanageorweightrestrictiononuseofthemedicine;detailsforeach
medicinecanbefoundinTable1.
Wherethe[c]symbolisplacednexttothecomplementarylistitsignifiesthatthemedicine(s)require(s)
specialistdiagnosticormonitoringfacilities,and/orspecialistmedicalcare,and/orspecialisttrainingfor
theiruseinchildren.
Wherethe[c]symbolisplacednexttoanindividualmedicineorstrengthofmedicineitsignifiesthatthere
isaspecificindicationforrestrictingitsusetochildren.
ThepresenceofanentryontheEssentialMedicinesListcarriesnoassuranceastopharmaceuticalquality.It
istheresponsibilityoftherelevantnationalorregionaldrugregulatoryauthoritytoensurethateach
productisofappropriatepharmaceuticalquality(includingstability)andthatwhenrelevant,different
productsareinterchangeable.
ForrecommendationsandadviceconcerningallaspectsofthequalityassuranceofmedicinesseetheWHO
Medicineswebsitehttp://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_assurance/en/index.html.
Medicinesanddosageformsarelistedinalphabeticalorderwithineachsectionandthereisnoimplication
ofpreferenceforoneformoveranother.Standardtreatmentguidelinesshouldbeconsultedforinformation
onappropriatedosageforms.
ThemaintermsusedfordosageformsintheEssentialMedicinesListcanbefoundinAnnex1.

Definitionsofmanyofthesetermsandpharmaceuticalqualityrequirementsapplicabletothedifferent
categoriesarepublishedinthecurrenteditionofTheInternationalPharmacopoeia
http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/pharmacopoeia/en/index.html.
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
18thedition
1. ANAESTHETICS
1.1 General anaesthetics and oxygen
1.1.1 Inhalational medicines
halothane
Inhalation.
isoflurane
Inhalation.
nitrousoxide
Inhalation.
oxygen
Inhalation (medicinalgas).
1.1.2 Injectable medicines

ketamine
Injection:50 mg(ashydrochloride)/mlin10mlvial.
Injection:10 mg/ml;20 mg/ml.
propofol*
*Thiopentalmaybeusedasanalternativedependingonlocal
availabilityandcost.
1.2 Local anaesthetics

Injection: 0.25%;0.5%(hydrochloride)invial.
bupivacaine
Injectionforspinalanaesthesia:0.5%(hydrochloride)in4ml
ampouletobemixedwith7.5%glucosesolution.
Injection: 1%;2%(hydrochloride)invial.
lidocaine
Injectionforspinalanaesthesia:5%(hydrochloride)in
2mlampouletobemixedwith7.5%glucosesolution.
Topicalforms:2%to4%(hydrochloride).
Dentalcartridge: 2%(hydrochloride)+epinephrine1:80000.
lidocaine+epinephrine(adrenaline)
Injection:1%;2%(hydrochlorideorsulfate)+epinephrine
1:200000invial.
ComplementaryList
Injection:30mg(hydrochloride)/mlin1mlampoule.
ephedrine
(Foruseinspinalanaesthesiaduringdelivery,toprevent
hypotension).
1.3 Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures

atropine
Injection: 1mg(sulfate)in1mlampoule.
Injection: 1mg/ml.
midazolam
Oralliquid:2mg/ml[c].
Tablet:7.5mg;15mg.
morphine
Injection: 10mg(sulfate orhydrochloride)in1mlampoule.
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2. MEDICINES FOR PAIN AND PALLIATIVE CARE

2.1 Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs)
Suppository: 50mgto150mg.
acetylsalicylicacid
Tablet:100mgto500mg.
Oralliquid: 200mg/5ml.
ibuprofena
Tablet:200mg;400mg;600mg.
a
Not in children less than 3 months.
Oralliquid: 125mg/5 ml.

Suppository:100mg.
paracetamol*
*Notrecommendedforantiinflammatoryuseduetolackof
provenbenefittothateffect.
2.2 Opioid analgesics

codeine
Tablet: 30mg(phosphate).
Granules(slowrelease;tomixwithwater):20mgto200mg
(morphinesulfate).
Injection:10mg(morphinehydrochlorideormorphine
sulfate)in1mlampoule.
morphine*
Oralliquid:10mg(morphinehydrochlorideormorphine
sulfate)/5ml.
Tablet(immediaterelease):10mg(morphinesulfate).
Tablet(slowrelease):10mgto200mg(morphine
hydrochlorideormorphinesulfate).
*Alternativeslimitedtohydromorphoneandoxycodone.
2.3 Medicines for other common symptoms in palliative care

amitriptyline
cyclizine[c]
Injection:50mg/ml.
Tablet:50mg.
Injection:4mg/mlin1mlampoule(asdisodiumphosphate
salt).
dexamethasone
Oralliquid:2mg/5ml.
Tablet:2mg[c];4mg.
Injection:5mg/ml.
diazepam
Oralliquid:2mg/5ml.
Rectalsolution:2.5mg;5mg;10mg.
Tablet:5mg;10mg.
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docusatesodium
fluoxetinea
18thedition
Capsule:100mg.
Oralliquid:50mg/5ml.
Solidoraldosageform: 20mg(ashydrochloride).
a
>8 years.
Injection: 5mgin1ml ampoule.

haloperidol
Oralliquid:2mg/ml.
Solidoraldosageform:0.5mg;2mg;5mg.
hyoscinebutylbromide
hyoscinehydrobromide[c]
Injection:20mg/ml.
Injection:400micrograms/ml;600micrograms/ml.
Transdermalpatches:1mg/72hours.
lactulose[c]
Oralliquid:3.13.7g/5ml.
loperamide
Solidoraldosageform:2mg.
Injection:5mg(hydrochloride)/ml in2mlampoule.
metoclopramide
Oralliquid:5mg/5ml.
Solidoraldosageform:10mg(hydrochloride)
Injection:1 mg/ml;5 mg/ml.
midazolam
Solidoraldosageform:7.5mg;15mg.
Injection:2mgbase/mlin2mlampoule(ashydrochloride).
ondansetron[c]a
Oralliquid:4mgbase/5ml.
Solidoraldosageform:Eq4mgbase;Eq8mgbase.
a
senna
>1 month.
Oralliquid:7.5mg/5ml.
3. ANTIALLERGICS AND MEDICINES USED IN ANAPHYLAXIS

dexamethasone
Injection:4mg/mlin1mlampoule(asdisodiumphosphate
salt).
epinephrine(adrenaline)
Injection: 1mg(ashydrochloride orhydrogentartrate)in1ml

ampoule.
hydrocortisone
Powderforinjection: 100mg(assodiumsuccinate)invial.
Oralliquid:1mg/ml.
loratadine*
Tablet:10mg.
*Theremaybearoleforsedatingantihistaminesforlimited
indications(EMLc).
prednisolone
Oralliquid: 5 mg/ml[c].
Tablet:5mg;25mg.
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4. ANTIDOTES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES USED IN POISONINGS

4.1 Non-specific
charcoal,activated
Powder.
4.2 Specific
Injection: 200mg/mlin10mlampoule.
acetylcysteine
Oralliquid:10%[c];20%[c].
atropine
Injection: 1mg(sulfate)in1mlampoule.
calciumgluconate
methylthioniniumchloride
(methyleneblue)
Injection:10mg/mlin10mlampoule.
naloxone
Injection: 400micrograms(hydrochloride)in1mlampoule.
penicillamine
Solidoraldosageform: 250mg.
potassiumferrichexacyanoferrate(II)
2H20(Prussianblue)
Powderfororaladministration.
sodiumnitrite
sodiumthiosulfate
ComplementaryList
deferoxamine
Powderforinjection: 500mg(mesilate)invial.
dimercaprol
Injectioninoil:50mg/mlin2mlampoule.
fomepizole
Injection:5mg/ml(sulfate)in20mlampouleor1g/ml(base)in
1.5mlampoule.
sodiumcalciumedetate
succimer
5. ANTICONVULSANTS/ANTIEPILEPTICS
carbamazepine
Tablet(chewable):100mg;200mg.
Tablet(scored):100mg;200mg.
diazepam
Gelorrectalsolution:5 mg/mlin0.5ml;2ml;4mltubes.
lorazepam
Parenteralformulation:2mg/mlin1mlampoule;4mg/mlin
1mlampoule.
Injection: 500mg/mlin2mlampoule;500mg/mlin
10mlampoule.
magnesiumsulfate*
*Foruseineclampsiaandseverepreeclampsiaandnotfor
otherconvulsantdisorders.
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Injection:200mg/ml(sodium).
phenobarbital
Tablet:15mgto100mg.
Injection: 50mg/mlin5mlvial(sodiumsalt).
Oralliquid:25mgto30mg/5ml.*
Solidoraldosageform:25mg;50mg;100mg(sodiumsalt).
phenytoin
Tablet(chewable):50mg.
*Thepresenceofboth25mg/5mland30mg/5mlstrengthson
thesamemarketwouldcauseconfusioninprescribingand
dispensingandshouldbeavoided.
valproicacid(sodiumvalproate)
Tablet(crushable):100mg.
Tablet(entericcoated):200mg;500mg(sodiumvalproate).
ComplementaryList
Capsule:250mg.
ethosuximide
6. ANTI-INFECTIVE MEDICINES
6.1 Anthelminthics
6.1.1 Intestinal anthelminthics
albendazole
Tablet(chewable): 400mg.
levamisole
Tablet: 50mg;150mg(ashydrochloride).
mebendazole
Tablet(chewable): 100mg;500mg.
niclosamide
praziquantel
Tablet: 150mg;600mg.
Oralliquid: 50mg(asembonate orpamoate)/ml.
pyrantel
Tablet(chewable):250mg(asembonateorpamoate).
6.1.2 Antifilarials
albendazole
diethylcarbamazine
Tablet: 50mg;100mg(dihydrogencitrate).
ivermectin
Tablet(scored): 3mg.
6.1.3 Antischistosomals and other antitrematode medicines

praziquantel
Tablet: 600mg.
triclabendazole
Tablet: 250mg.
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18thedition
ComplementaryList
Capsule:250mg.
oxamniquine*
*Oxamniquineislistedforusewhenpraziquanteltreatmentfails.
6.2 Antibacterials
6.2.1 Beta Lactam medicines
amoxicillin
Powderfororalliquid: 125mg(astrihydrate)/5ml;250mg(as
trihydrate)/5ml[c].
Solidoraldosageform:250mg;500mg(astrihydrate).
amoxicillin+clavulanicacid
Oralliquid: 125 mgamoxicillin+31.25 mgclavulanicacid/5 ml

AND250mgamoxicillin+62.5mgclavulanicacid/5ml[c].
Tablet:500mg(astrihydrate)+125mg(aspotassiumsalt).
ampicillin
Powderforinjection: 500mg;1g(assodiumsalt)invial.
benzathinebenzylpenicillin
Powderforinjection: 900 mgbenzylpenicillin(=1.2million

IU)in5mlvial[c];1.44gbenzylpenicillin(=2.4millionIU)in
5mlvial.
benzylpenicillin
Powderforinjection: 600mg(=1millionIU);3g
(=5millionIU)(sodiumorpotassiumsalt)invial.
cefalexin[c]
Powderforreconstitutionwithwater: 125mg/5ml;
250mg/5ml(anhydrous).
Solidoraldosageform:250mg(asmonohydrate).
Powderforinjection:1g(assodiumsalt)invial.
cefazolin*a
*Forsurgicalprophylaxis.
a
>1 month.
Capsule: 400mg (astrihydrate).

cefixime*
*Onlylistedforsingledosetreatmentofuncomplicatedano
genitalgonorrhoea.
Powderforinjection: 250mg;1g(assodiumsalt)invial.
ceftriaxone*a
*Donotadministerwithcalciumandavoidininfantswith
hyperbilirubinemia.
a
>41 weeks corrected gestational age.
Capsule: 500mg;1g(assodiumsalt).
cloxacillin
Powderforinjection:500mg(assodiumsalt)invial.
Powderfororalliquid:125mg(assodiumsalt)/5ml.
Powderfororalliquid: 250mg(aspotassiumsalt)/5ml.
phenoxymethylpenicillin
Tablet:250mg(aspotassiumsalt).
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Powderforinjection: 1g(=1millionIU);3g(=3millionIU)in
vial.
procainebenzylpenicillin*
*Procainebenzylpenicillinisnotrecommendedasfirstline
treatmentforneonatalsepsisexceptinsettingswithhigh
neonatalmortality,whengivenbytrainedhealthworkersin
caseswherehospitalcareisnotachievable.
ComplementaryList
Powderforinjection:250mgpervial(assodiumsalt).
cefotaxime*[c]
*3rdgenerationcephalosporinofchoiceforuseinhospitalized
neonates.
ceftazidime
Powderforinjection:250mgor1g(aspentahydrate)invial.
Powderforinjection:250mg(asmonohydrate)+250mg(as
sodiumsalt);500mg(asmonohydrate)+500mg(assodiumsalt)in
vial.
imipenem*+cilastatin*
*Onlylistedforthetreatmentoflifethreateninghospitalbased
infectionduetosuspectedorprovenmultidrugresistantinfection.
Meropenemisindicatedforthetreatmentofmeningitisandis
licensedforuseinchildrenovertheageof3months.
6.2.2 Other antibacterials

Capsule: 250mg;500mg (anhydrous).
azithromycin*
*OnlylistedforsingledosetreatmentofgenitalChlamydia
trachomatisandoftrachoma.
Capsule: 250mg.
Oilysuspensionforinjection*:0.5g(assodiumsuccinate)/ml
in2mlampoule.
chloramphenicol
*Onlyforthepresumptivetreatmentofepidemicmeningitisin
childrenolderthan2years.
Oralliquid:150mg(aspalmitate)/5ml.
Powderforinjection:1g(sodiumsuccinate)invial.
Oralliquid: 250mg/5ml (anhydrous) [c].
ciprofloxacin*
SolutionforIVinfusion:2mg/ml(ashyclate)[c].
Tablet:250mg(ashydrochloride).
*Squareboxappliestoadultsonly.
clarithromycin*
EML 18 (April 2013)
*ForuseincombinationregimensforeradicationofH.Pylori
inadults.
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18thedition
Oralliquid:25 mg/5 ml[c];50 mg/5 ml(anhydrous)[c].

doxycyclinea
Solidoraldosageform:50mg[c];100mg(ashyclate).
aUse in children <8 years only for life-threatening infections when
no alternative exists.
Powderforinjection: 500mg(aslactobionate)invial.
erythromycin
Powderfororalliquid:125mg/5ml(asstearateorestolateor
ethylsuccinate).
Solidoraldosageform:250mg(asstearateorestolateorethyl
succinate).
gentamicin
Injection: 10mg;40mg(assulfate)/mlin2mlvial.
Injection: 500mgin100mlvial.
metronidazole
Oralliquid:200mg(asbenzoate)/5ml.
Suppository:500mg;1g.
nitrofurantoin
spectinomycin
Oralliquid: 25 mg/5 ml[c].

Tablet:100mg.
Powderforinjection: 2g(ashydrochloride)invial.
Injection:
80mg+16mg/mlin5mlampoule;
80mg+16mg/mlin10mlampoule.
sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim
Oralliquid:200mg+40mg/5ml.
Tablet:100mg+20mg;400mg+80mg;
800mg+160mg.
Oralliquid: 50mg/5 ml[c].
trimethoprima
Tablet:100mg;200mg.
a
>6 months.
ComplementaryList
Capsule:150mg(ashydrochloride).
clindamycin
Injection:150mg(asphosphate)/ml.
Oralliquid:75mg/5ml(aspalmitate)[c].
vancomycin
Powderforinjection: 250mg(ashydrochloride)invial.
6.2.3 Antileprosy medicines

Medicinesusedinthetreatmentofleprosyshouldneverbeusedexceptincombination.Combination
therapyisessentialtopreventtheemergenceofdrugresistance.Colourcodedblisterpacks(MDTblister
packs)containingstandardtwomedicine(paucibacillaryleprosy)orthreemedicine(multibacillary
leprosy)combinationsforadultandchildhoodleprosyshouldbeused.MDTblisterpackscanbe
suppliedfreeofchargethroughWHO.
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18thedition
clofazimine
Capsule: 50mg;100mg.
dapsone
Tablet: 25mg;50mg;100mg.
rifampicin
Solidoraldosageform: 150mg;300mg.
6.2.4 Antituberculosis medicines

WHOrecommendsandendorsestheuseoffixeddosecombinationsandthedevelopmentof
appropriatenewfixeddosecombinations,includingmodifieddosageforms,nonrefrigeratedproducts
andpaediatricdosageformsofassuredpharmaceuticalquality.
ethambutol
Tablet:100mgto400mg(hydrochloride).
ethambutol+isoniazid
Tablet: 400mg+150mg.
ethambutol+isoniazid+
pyrazinamide+rifampicin
Tablet:275mg+75mg+400mg+150mg.
ethambutol+isoniazid+rifampicin
Tablet:275mg+75mg+150mg.
Oralliquid: 50 mg/5 ml[c].
isoniazid
Tablet(scored):50mg.
isoniazid+pyrazinamide+rifampicin
Tablet:
75mg+400mg+150mg.
150mg+500mg+150mg(Forintermittentusethreetimes
weekly).
isoniazid+rifampicin
Tablet:
75mg+150mg;150mg+300mg.
60mg+60mg(Forintermittentusethreetimesweekly).
150mg+150mg(Forintermittentusethreetimesweekly).
Tablet:400mg.
pyrazinamide
Tablet(dispersible):150mg.
Capsule: 150mg.
rifabutin*
rifampicin
*ForuseonlyinpatientswithHIVreceivingprotease
inhibitors.
Solidoraldosageform:150mg;300mg.
streptomycin
Powderforinjection: 1g(assulfate)invial.
ComplementaryList
Reservesecondlinedrugsforthetreatmentofmultidrugresistanttuberculosis(MDRTB)should
beusedinspecializedcentresadheringtoWHOstandardsforTBcontrol.
amikacin
EML 18 (April 2013)
Powderforinjection:100mg;500mg;1g(assulfate)invial.
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18thedition
capreomycin
Powderforinjection:1g(assulfate)invial.
cycloserine
Tablet:125mg;250mg.
ethionamide*
*Prothionamidemaybeanalternative.
kanamycin
Powderforinjection: 1g (assulfate) invial.

Tablet: 250 mg;500 mg;750mg.
levofloxacin*
*Ofloxacinandmoxifloxacinmaybealternativesbasedon
availabilityandprogrammeconsiderations.
Granules:4ginsachet.
paminosalicylicacid
Tablet:500mg.
streptomycin[c]
Powderforinjection:1g(assulfate)invial.
6.3 Antifungal medicines

amphotericinB
Powderforinjection: 50mginvial(assodiumdeoxycholate or
liposomalcomplex).
Vaginalcream: 1%;10%.
clotrimazole
Vaginaltablet:100mg;500mg.
Capsule: 50mg.
fluconazole
Injection:2mg/mlinvial.
Capsule: 250mg.
flucytosine
Infusion:2.5gin250ml.
Oralliquid:125mg/5ml[c].
griseofulvin
Lozenge: 100000IU.
nystatin
Oralliquid:50mg/5ml[c];100000IU/ml[c].
Pessary:100000IU.
Tablet:100000IU;500000IU.
ComplementaryList
potassiumiodide
Saturatedsolution.
6.4 Antiviral medicines

6.4.1 Antiherpes medicines
aciclovir
Tablet:200mg.
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18thedition
6.4.2 Antiretrovirals
Basedoncurrentevidenceandexperienceofuse,medicinesinthefollowingthreeclassesof
antiretroviralsareincludedasessentialmedicinesfortreatmentandpreventionofHIV(preventionof
mothertochildtransmissionandpostexposureprophylaxis).WHOemphasizestheimportanceof
usingtheseproductsinaccordancewithglobalandnationalguidelines.WHOrecommendsand
endorsestheuseoffixeddosecombinationsandthedevelopmentofappropriatenewfixeddose
combinations,includingmodifieddosageforms,nonrefrigeratedproductsandpaediatricdosageforms
ofassuredpharmaceuticalquality.
Scoredtabletscanbeusedinchildrenandthereforecanbeconsideredforinclusioninthelistingof
tablets,providedadequatequalityproductsareavailable.
6.4.2.1 Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Oralliquid: 100mg(assulfate)/5 ml.
abacavir(ABC)
Tablet:300mg(assulfate).
Bufferedpowderfororalliquid: 100mg;167mg;250mg
packets.
didanosine(ddI)
Capsule(unbufferedentericcoated):125mg;200mg;250mg;
400mg.
Tablet(bufferedchewable,dispersible):25mg;50mg;
100mg;150mg;200mg.
Capsule:200mg.
Oralliquid:10mg/ml.
emtricitabine(FTC)*a
*FTCisanacceptablealternativeto3TC,basedonknowledge
ofthepharmacology,theresistancepatternsandclinicaltrials
ofantiretrovirals.
a
>3 months.

lamivudine(3TC)
Tablet:150mg.
Capsule: 15 mg;20mg;30mg.
stavudine(d4T)
Powderfororalliquid:5mg/5ml.
tenofovirdisoproxilfumarate(TDF)
Tablet:300mg(tenofovirdisoproxilfumarateequivalentto
245mgtenofovirdisoproxil).
Capsule: 100mg;250mg.
zidovudine(ZDVorAZT)
SolutionforIVinfusioninjection:10mg/mlin20mlvial.
Tablet:300mg.
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18thedition
6.4.2.2 Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Capsule: 50mg;100mg;200mg.
efavirenz(EFVorEFZ)a
Tablet:600mg.
a
>3 years or >10 kg weight.
nevirapine(NVP)
Tablet:200mg.
6.4.2.3 Protease inhibitors
Selectionofproteaseinhibitor(s)fromtheModelListwillneedtobedeterminedbyeachcountryafter
considerationofinternationalandnationaltreatmentguidelinesandexperience.Ritonaviris
recommendedforuseincombinationasapharmacologicalbooster,andnotasanantiretroviralinits
ownright.Allotherproteaseinhibitorsshouldbeusedinboostedforms(e.g.withritonavir).
Solidoraldosageform:100mg;150mg;300mg(assulfate).
atazanavira
indinavir(IDV)
>25 kg.
Solidoraldosageform: 400mg(assulfate).
Capsule: 133.3mg+33.3mg.
lopinavir+ritonavir(LPV/r)
Oralliquid:400mg+100mg/5ml.
Tablet(heatstable):100mg+25mg;200mg+50mg.
ritonavir
Tablet(heatstable):25mg;100mg.
Solidoraldosageform: 200mg;500mg(asmesilate).
saquinavir(SQV)a
>25 kg.
FIXED-DOSE COMBINATIONS
Tablet:600mg+200mg+300mg (disoproxilfumarate
equivalentto245mgtenofovirdisoproxil).
efavirenz+emtricitabine*+tenofovir
ofantiretrovirals.
Tablet: 200mg+300mg (disoproxilfumarateequivalentto
245mgtenofovirdisoproxil).
emtricitabine*+tenofovir
EML 18 (April 2013)
ofantiretrovirals.
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18thedition
Tablet: 150mg+200mg+30mg.
Tablet(dispersible):
30mg+50mg+6mg[c];
60mg+100mg+12mg[c].
Tablet: 30mg+50mg+60mg[c];
lamivudine+nevirapine+zidovudine
150mg+200mg+300mg.
lamivudine+nevirapine+stavudine
lamivudine+zidovudine
Tablet: 30mg+60mg[c];150mg+300mg.
6.4.3 Other antivirals

Capsule:30mg;45mg;75mg(asphosphate).
Oralpowder:12mg/ml.
oseltamivir*
*Potentiallysevereorcomplicatedillnessduetoconfirmedor
suspectedinfluenzavirusinfectioninaccordancewithWHO
TreatmentGuidelines.
Injectionforintravenousadministration:800mgand1gin
10mlphosphatebuffersolution.
ribavirin*
Solidoraldosageform:200mg;400mg;600mg.
*Forthetreatmentofviralhaemorrhagicfeversandin
combinationwithpegylatedinterferonsforthetreatmentof
hepatitisC.
ComplementaryList
pegylatedinterferonalpha(2aor
2b)*
Vialorprefilledsyringe:
180micrograms(peginterferonalfa2a);
80micrograms;100micrograms(peginterferonalfa2b).
*Tobeusedincombinationwithribavirin.
6.5 Antiprotozoal medicines

6.5.1 Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines
diloxanidea
Tablet: 500mg(furoate).
a
>25 kg.
Injection: 500mgin100mlvial.
metronidazole
Oralliquid:200mg(asbenzoate)/5ml.
6.5.2 Antileishmaniasis medicines

amphotericinB
Powderforinjection: 50mginvial (assodiumdeoxycholate or

liposomalcomplex).
miltefosine
paromomycin
Solutionforintramuscularinjection:750mgofparomomycin
base(asthesulfate).
Injection: 100mg/ml,1vial=30ml or30%,equivalentto
approximately8.1%antimony(pentavalent)in5mlampoule.
sodiumstibogluconateormeglumine
antimoniate
EML 18 (April 2013)
page - 17
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
18thedition
6.5.3 Antimalarial medicines

6.5.3.1 For curative treatment
MedicinesforthetreatmentofP.falciparummalariacasesshouldbeusedincombination.Thelist
currentlyrecommendscombinationsaccordingtotreatmentguidelines.WHOrecognizesthatnotallof
theFDCsintheWHOTreatmentGuidelinesexist,andencouragestheirdevelopmentandrigorous
testing.WHOalsoencouragesdevelopmentandtestingofrectaldosageformulations.
Tablet: 153mg or200mg(ashydrochloride).
amodiaquine*
*Tobeusedincombinationwithartesunate50mg.
Oilyinjection: 80mg/mlin1mlampoule.
artemether*
*Foruseinthemanagementofseveremalaria.
Tablet: 20mg+120mg.
artemether+lumefantrine*
Tablet(dispersible):20mg+120mg[c].
*Notrecommendedinthefirsttrimesterofpregnancyorin
childrenbelow5kg.
Injection: ampoules,containing60mganhydrousartesunic
acidwithaseparateampouleof5%sodiumbicarbonate
solution.
Foruseinthemanagementofseveremalaria.
artesunate*
Rectaldosageform:50mg[c];200mgcapsules(forpre
referraltreatmentofseveremalariaonly;patientsshouldbe
takentoanappropriatehealthfacilityforfollowupcare)[c].
Tablet:50mg.
*Tobeusedincombinationwitheitheramodiaquine,
mefloquineorsulfadoxine+pyrimethamine.
Tablet: 25 mg+ 67.5 mg;50 mg+ 135 mg;
100mg+270mg.
artesunate+amodiaquine*
artesunate+mefloquine
*Othercombinationsthatdeliverthetargetdosesrequired
suchas153mgor200mg(ashydrochloride)with50mg
artesunatecanbealternatives.
Tablet: 25 mg+ 55mg;100 mg+ 220 mg.
Oralliquid: 50mg(asphosphate orsulfate)/5ml.
chloroquine*
Tablet:100mg;150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).
*ForuseonlyforthetreatmentofP.vivaxinfection.
Capsule: 100mg(ashydrochloride orhyclate).
doxycycline*
Tablet(dispersible):100mg(asmonohydrate).
*Foruseonlyincombinationwithquinine.
Tablet: 250mg(ashydrochloride).
mefloquine*
*Tobeusedincombinationwithartesunate50mg.
EML 18 (April 2013)
page - 18
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
18thedition
Tablet: 7.5mg;15mg(asdiphosphate).
primaquine*
*OnlyforusetoachieveradicalcureofP.vivaxandP.ovale
infections,givenfor14days.
Injection: 300mgquininehydrochloride/mlin2mlampoule.
quinine*
Tablet:300mg(quininesulfate)or300mg(quininebisulfate).
*Foruseonlyinthemanagementofseveremalaria,and
shouldbeusedincombinationwithdoxycycline.
Tablet: 500mg+25mg.
sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine*
*Onlyincombinationwithartesunate50mg.
6.5.3.2 For prophylaxis
Oralliquid: 50mg(asphosphate orsulfate)/5ml.
chloroquine*
Tablet:150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).
*ForuseonlyincentralAmericanregions,foruseforP.vivax.
Solidoraldosageform: 100mg(ashydrochlorideorhyclate).
doxycyclinea
>8 years.
mefloquinea
>5 kg or >3 months.
proguanil*
*Foruseonlyincombinationwithchloroquine.
6.5.4 Antipneumocystosis and antitoxoplasmosis medicines
pyrimethamine
Tablet: 25mg.
sulfadiazine
Tablet:500mg.
Injection:
sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim
80mg+16mg/mlin5mlampoule;
80mg+16mg/mlin10mlampoule.
Oralliquid:200mg+40mg/5ml[c].
Tablet:100mg+20mg;400mg+80mg[c].
ComplementaryList
pentamidine
Tablet:200mg;300mg(asisethionate).
6.5.5 Antitrypanosomal medicines

6.5.5.1 African trypanosomiasis
Medicinesforthetreatmentof1ststageAfricantrypanosomiasis
Powderforinjection:200mg(as isetionate)invial.
pentamidine*
EML 18 (April 2013)
*TobeusedforthetreatmentofTrypanosomabruceigambiense
infection.
page - 19
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
18thedition
Powderforinjection: 1ginvial.
suraminsodium*
*Tobeusedforthetreatmentoftheinitialphaseof
Trypanosomabruceirhodesienseinfection.
Medicinesforthetreatmentof2ndstageAfricantrypanosomiasis
Injection:200mg(hydrochloride)/mlin100mlbottle.
eflornithine*
melarsoprol
nifurtimox*
*TobeusedforthetreatmentofTrypanosomabruceigambiense
infection.
Injection: 3.6%solution,5mlampoule(180mgofactive
compound).
Tablet: 120mg.
*Onlytobeusedincombinationwitheflornithine,forthe
treatmentofTrypanosomabruceigambienseinfection.
ComplementaryList[c]
melarsoprol
Injection:3.6%solutionin5mlampoule(180mgofactive
compound).
6.5.5.2 American trypanosomiasis

Tablet: 12.5mg [c];100mg.
benznidazole
nifurtimox
Tablet: 30mg;120mg;250mg.
7. ANTIMIGRAINE MEDICINES
7.1 For treatment of acute attack
acetylsalicylicacid
Tablet: 300mgto500mg.
ibuprofen[c]
Tablet:200mg;400mg.
paracetamol

7.2 For prophylaxis

propranolol
Tablet: 20mg;40mg(hydrochloride).
8. ANTINEOPLASTIC AND IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVES

Thissectionwillbereviewedandupdatedshortly.Inviewofthis,nochangesweremadetothissection
duringthe19thExpertCommittee.
8.1 Immunosuppressive medicines

ComplementaryList
azathioprine
Capsule:25mg.
ciclosporin
EML 18 (April 2013)
Concentrateforinjection:50mg/mlin1mlampoulefororgan
transplantation.
page - 20
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
18thedition
8.2 Cytotoxic and adjuvant medicines

ComplementaryList
allopurinol[c]
Tablet:100mg;300mg.
asparaginase
Powderforinjection:10000IUinvial.
bleomycin
Powderforinjection:15mg(assulfate)invial.
calciumfolinate
Tablet:15mg.
carboplatin
Injection: 50mg/5ml;150mg/15ml;450mg/45ml;600mg/60ml.
chlorambucil
Tablet: 2mg.
Powderforinjection:500mginvial.
cyclophosphamide
Tablet:25mg.
cytarabine
Powderforinjection: 100mginvial.
dacarbazine
Powderforinjection: 100mginvial.
dactinomycin
Powderforinjection: 500microgramsinvial.
daunorubicin
Powderforinjection:50mg(hydrochloride)invial.
docetaxel
Injection:20mg/ml;40mg/ml.
doxorubicin
Powderforinjection:10mg;50mg(hydrochloride)invial.
Capsule:100mg.
etoposide
fluorouracil
hydroxycarbamide
Solidoraldosageform:200mg;250mg;300mg;400mg;500mg;
1g.
ifosfamide
Powderforinjection:1gvial;2gvial.
mercaptopurine
Tablet:50mg.
Injection:100mg/mlin4mland10mlampoules.
mesna
Tablet:400mg;600mg.
Powderforinjection: 50mg(assodiumsalt)invial.
methotrexate
Tablet:2.5mg(assodiumsalt).
paclitaxel
Powderforinjection:6mg/ml.
procarbazine
Capsule: 50mg(ashydrochloride).
thioguanine[c]
vinblastine
Powderforinjection: 10mg(sulfate)invial.
vincristine
Powderforinjection: 1mg;5mg(sulfate)invial.
EML 18 (April 2013)
page - 21
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
18thedition
8.3 Hormones and antihormones

ComplementaryList
Injection:4mg/mlin1mlampoule(asdisodiumphosphatesalt).
dexamethasone
hydrocortisone
Powderforinjection: 100mg(assodiumsuccinate)invial.
methylprednisolone[c]
Injection: 40mg/ml(assodiumsuccinate)in1mlsingledosevial
and
5mlmultidosevials;80mg/ml(assodiumsuccinate)in1mlsingle
dosevial.
prednisolone
Tablet:5mg;25mg.
tamoxifen
Tablet: 10mg;20mg(ascitrate).
9. ANTIPARKINSONISM MEDICINES
biperiden
Injection: 5mg(lactate)in1mlampoule.
Tablet:2mg(hydrochloride).
levodopa+carbidopa
Tablet: 100mg+10 mg;100 mg + 25 mg;

250mg+25mg.
10. MEDICINES AFFECTING THE BLOOD

10.1 Antianaemia medicines
Oralliquid: equivalentto25mgiron(assulfate)/ml.
ferroussalt
Tablet:equivalentto60mgiron.
ferroussalt+folicacid
Tablet equivalentto60mgiron+400microgramsfolicacid
(nutritionalsupplementforuseduringpregnancy).
folicacid
Tablet: 1mg;5mg.
hydroxocobalamin
Injection: 1mg (asacetate,hydrochlorideorassulfate)in1ml

ampoule.
10.2 Medicines affecting coagulation

heparinsodium
Injection: 1000IU/ml;5000IU/ml;20000IU/mlin
1mlampoule.
Injection: 1mg/ml[c]; 10mg/mlin5mlampoule.
phytomenadione
Tablet:10mg.
protaminesulfate
tranexamicacid
Injection: 100 mg/mlin10mlampoule.
warfarin
Tablet: 1mg;2mg;5mg(sodiumsalt).
heparinsodium
EML 18 (April 2013)
Injection:1000IU/ml;5000IU/mlin1mlampoule.
page - 22
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
18thedition
protaminesulfate
warfarin
Tablet:0.5mg;1mg;2mg;5mg(sodiumsalt).
10.3 Other medicines for haemoglobinopathies

ComplementaryList
deferoxamine*
Powderforinjection: 500mg(mesilate)invial.
*Deferasiroxoralformmaybeanalternative,dependingoncostand
availability.
hydroxycarbamide
Solidoraldosageform:200mg;500mg;1g.
11. BLOOD PRODUCTS AND PLASMA SUBSTITUTES (underconstruction,thesection

willbeupdatedintheEMlistthatwillbepublishedtogetherwiththefullreportoftheExpert
Committeemeeting)
12. CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINES
12.1 Antianginal medicines
bisoprolol*
Tablet: 1.25 mg;5mg.

*includesmetoprololandcarvedilolasalternatives.
glyceryltrinitrate
Tablet(sublingual): 500micrograms.
isosorbidedinitrate
Tablet(sublingual): 5mg.
verapamil
Tablet:40mg;80mg(hydrochloride).
12.2 Antiarrhythmic medicines

bisoprolol*
Tablet: 1.25 mg;5mg.

Injection: 250micrograms/mlin2mlampoule.
digoxin
Oralliquid:50micrograms/ml.
Tablet:62.5micrograms;250micrograms.
Injection:100micrograms/ml(asacidtartrateor
hydrochloride)in10mlampoule.
lidocaine
Injection: 20mg(hydrochloride)/mlin5mlampoule.
Injection: 2.5mg(hydrochloride)/mlin2mlampoule.
verapamil
ComplementaryList
Injection:50mg/mlin3mlampoule(hydrochloride).
amiodarone
Tablet(HCI):100mg;200mg;400mg(hydrochloride).
12.3 Antihypertensive medicines
amlodipine
bisoprolol*
EML 18 (April 2013)
Tablet: 5 mg (asmaleate,mesylate orbesylate).

Tablet:1.25 mg;5mg.
page - 23
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
enalapril
18thedition
Tablet: 2.5mg;5mg (ashydrogenmaleate).

Powderforinjection: 20mg(hydrochloride)inampoule.
hydralazine*
hydrochlorothiazide
*Hydralazineislistedforuseintheacutemanagementof
severepregnancyinducedhypertensiononly.Itsuseinthe
treatmentofessentialhypertensionisnotrecommendedin
viewoftheavailabilityofmoreevidenceofefficacyandsafety
ofothermedicines.
Solidoraldosageform:12.5mg;25mg.
Tablet:250mg.
methyldopa*
*Methyldopaislistedforuseinthemanagementof
pregnancyinducedhypertensiononly.Itsuseinthetreatment
ofessentialhypertensionisnotrecommendedinviewofthe
availabilityofmoreevidenceofefficacyandsafetyofother
medicines.
ComplementaryList
sodiumnitroprusside
Powderforinfusion:50mginampoule.
12.4 Medicines used in heart failure

bisoprolol*
Tablet:1.25 mg;5mg.
Injection: 250micrograms/mlin2mlampoule.
digoxin
Oralliquid:50micrograms/ml.
Tablet:62.5micrograms;250micrograms.
enalapril
Tablet: 2.5mg;5mg (ashydrogenmaleate).

furosemide
Tablet:40mg.
hydrochlorothiazide
spironolactone
Tablet: 25mg.
ComplementaryList
dopamine
Injection: 40mg/ml(hydrochloride)in5mlvial.
12.5 Antithrombotic medicines

acetylsalicylicacid
Tablet: 100mg.
ComplementaryList
EML 18 (April 2013)
page - 24
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
streptokinase
18thedition
Powderforinjection:1.5millionIUinvial.
12.6 Lipid-lowering agents

simvastatin*
Tablet: 5mg;10mg;20mg;40mg.
*Foruseinhighriskpatients.
13. DERMATOLOGICAL MEDICINES (topical)

13.1 Antifungal medicines
miconazole
Creamorointment:2%(nitrate).
seleniumsulfide
Detergentbasedsuspension: 2%.
sodiumthiosulfate
Solution: 15%.
terbinafine
Cream:1%orOintment:1%terbinafinehydrochloride.
13.2 Anti-infective medicines

Cream(asmupirocincalcium):2%.
mupirocin
Ointment:2%.
potassiumpermanganate
Aqueoussolution: 1:10000.
Cream:1%.
silversulfadiazinea
>2 months.
13.3 Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines

betamethasonea
Creamorointment:0.1%(asvalerate).
a
Hydrocortisone preferred in neonates.
calamine
Lotion.
hydrocortisone
Creamorointment:1%(acetate).
13.4 Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation

benzoylperoxide
Creamorlotion: 5%.
coaltar
Solution: 5%.
fluorouracil
Ointment: 5%.
podophyllumresin
Solution: 10%to25%.
salicylicacid
Solution: 5%.
urea
Creamorointment: 5%;10%.
13.5 Scabicides and pediculicides

benzylbenzoatea
Lotion: 25%.
a
>2 years.
Cream: 5%.
permethrin
Lotion:1%.
14. DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS
EML 18 (April 2013)
page - 25
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
18thedition
14.1 Ophthalmic medicines

fluorescein
Eyedrops: 1%(sodiumsalt).
tropicamide
Eyedrops: 0.5%.
14.2 Radiocontrast media

amidotrizoate
Injection: 140mgto420mgiodine(assodiumormeglumine
salt)/mlin20mlampoule.
bariumsulfate
Aqueoussuspension.
iohexol
Injection: 140mgto350mgiodine/mlin5ml;10ml;20ml
ampoules.
ComplementaryList
bariumsulfate[c]
Aqueoussuspension.
meglumineiotroxate
Solution: 5 gto8giodinein100mlto250ml.
15. DISINFECTANTS AND ANTISEPTICS

15.1 Antiseptics
chlorhexidine
Solution:5%(digluconate).
ethanol
Solution: 70%(denatured).
polyvidoneiodine
Solution: 10% (equivalentto1%availableiodine).
15.2 Disinfectants
chlorinebasecompound
Powder: (0.1%availablechlorine)forsolution.
chloroxylenol
Solution: 4.8%.
glutaral
Solution: 2%.
16. DIURETICS
amiloride
Tablet: 5mg(hydrochloride).
furosemide
Tablet:10mg[c];20mg[c];40mg.
hydrochlorothiazide
mannitol
Injectablesolution: 10%;20%.
spironolactone
Tablet: 25mg.
hydrochlorothiazide
mannitol
Injectablesolution:10%;20%.
spironolactone
Oralliquid:5mg/5ml;10mg/5ml;25mg/5ml.
Tablet:25mg.
17. GASTROINTESTINAL MEDICINES

EML 18 (April 2013)
page - 26
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
18thedition
pancreaticenzymes
Ageappropriateformulationsanddosesincludinglipase,protease
andamylase.
17.1 Antiulcer medicines

omeprazole
Powderfororalliquid:20mg;40mgsachets.
Solidoraldosageform:10mg;20mg;40mg.
Injection: 25 mg/ml(ashydrochloride)in2mlampoule.
ranitidine
Oralliquid:75mg/5ml(ashydrochloride).
Tablet:150mg(ashydrochloride).
17.2 Antiemetic medicines

Injection: 4mg/mlin1mlampoule (asdisodiumphosphate
salt).
dexamethasone
Oralliquid:0.5mg/5ml;2mg/5ml.
Solidoraldosageform:0.5mg;0.75mg;1.5mg;4mg.
metoclopramidea
a
Not in neonates.
Injection:2mgbase/mlin2mlampoule(ashydrochloride).
Oralliquid:4mgbase/5ml.
ondansetrona
Solidoraldosageform:Eq4mgbase;Eq8mgbase;Eq24mg
base.
a
>1 month.
17.3 Anti-inflammatory medicines

Retentionenema.
sulfasalazine
Suppository:500mg.
Tablet:500mg.
ComplementaryList
Retentionenema.
hydrocortisone
Suppository:25mg(acetate).
(theonlyappliestohydrocortisoneretentionenema).
17.4 Laxatives
senna
Tablet: 7.5mg(sennosides)(ortraditionaldosageforms).
EML 18 (April 2013)
page - 27
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
18thedition
17.5 Medicines used in diarrhoea

17.5.1 Oral rehydration
oralrehydrationsalts
Powderfordilution in200ml;500ml;1L.
glucose:
75mEq
sodium:
75mEqormmol/L
chloride:
65mEqormmol/L
potassium:
20mEqormmol/L
citrate:
10mmol/L
osmolarity:
245mOsm/L
glucose:
13.5g/L
sodiumchloride:
2.6g/L
potassiumchloride:
1.5g/L
trisodiumcitratedihydrate+: 2.9g/L
+trisodiumcitratedihydratemaybereplacedbysodium
hydrogencarbonate(sodiumbicarbonate)2.5g/L.However,as
thestabilityofthislatterformulationisverypoorunder
tropicalconditions,itisonlyrecommendedwhen
manufacturedforimmediateuse.
17.5.2 Medicines for diarrhoea in children

zincsulfate*
*Inacutediarrhoeazincsulfateshouldbeusedasanadjunct
tooralrehydrationsalts.
18. HORMONES, OTHER ENDOCRINE MEDICINES AND CONTRACEPTIVES

18.1 Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutes
fludrocortisone
Tablet:100micrograms(acetate).
hydrocortisone
18.2 Androgens
ComplementaryList
testosterone
Injection:200mg(enanthate)in1mlampoule.
18.3 Contraceptives
18.3.1 Oral hormonal contraceptives
ethinylestradiol+levonorgestrel
Tablet: 30micrograms+150micrograms.
ethinylestradiol+norethisterone
Tablet: 35micrograms+1mg.
levonorgestrel
Tablet: 30micrograms;750micrograms(packoftwo);1.5mg.
18.3.2 Injectable hormonal contraceptives

estradiolcypionate+
medroxyprogesteroneacetate
Injection:5mg+25mg.
Depotinjection: 150mg/mlin1mlvial.
norethisteroneenantate
Oilysolution: 200mg/mlin1mlampoule.
EML 18 (April 2013)
page - 28
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
18thedition
18.3.3 Intrauterine devices

coppercontainingdevice
18.3.4 Barrier methods
condoms
diaphragms
18.3.5 Implantable contraceptives
levonorgestrelreleasingimplant
Tworodlevonorgestrelreleasingimplant,eachrodcontaining
75mgoflevonorgestrel(150mgtotal).
18.4 Estrogens
18.5 Insulins and other medicines used for diabetes
gliclazide*
Oralsoliddosageform(controlledreleasetablets):30mg;
60mg;80mg.
*Glibenclamidenotsuitableabove60years.
glucagon
Injection:1 mg/ml.
insulininjection(soluble)
Injection: 40IU/mlin10mlvial;100IU/mlin10mlvial.
intermediateactinginsulin
Injection: 40IU/mlin10mlvial;100IU/mlin10mlvial(as
compoundinsulinzincsuspensionorisophaneinsulin).
metformin
metformin
18.6 Ovulation inducers

ComplementaryList
clomifene
Tablet:50mg(citrate).
18.7 Progestogens
Tablet: 5mg.
18.8 Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines

levothyroxine
Tablet: 25micrograms [c];50micrograms;100micrograms

(sodiumsalt).
potassiumiodide
Tablet: 60mg.
propylthiouracil
Tablet: 50mg.
Lugolssolution
Oralliquid:about130mgtotaliodine/ml.
potassiumiodide
Tablet:60mg.
propylthiouracil
Tablet:50mg.
EML 18 (April 2013)
page - 29
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
18thedition
19. IMMUNOLOGICALS
19.1 Diagnostic agents
AlltuberculinsshouldcomplywiththeWHORequirementsforTuberculins.
tuberculin,purifiedproteinderivative
(PPD)
Injection.
19.2 Sera and immunoglobulins

AllplasmafractionsshouldcomplywiththeWHORequirements.
antiDimmunoglobulin(human)
Injection: 250microgramsinsingledosevial.
antirabiesimmunoglobulin(human)
Injection: 150IU/mlinvial.
antitetanusimmunoglobulin(human)
Injection: 500IUinvial.
Injection.
antivenomimmunoglobulin*
*Exacttypetobedefinedlocally.
diphtheriaantitoxin
Injection: 10000IU;20000IUinvial.
19.3 Vaccines
SelectionofvaccinesfromtheModelListwillneedtobedeterminedbyeachcountryafterconsideration
ofinternationalrecommendations,epidemiologyandnationalpriorities.Thelistbelowdetailsthe
vaccinesforwhichthereiseitherarecommendationfromtheStrategicAdvisoryGroupofExpertson
Immunization(SAGE)(http://www.who.int/immunization/sage_conclusions/en/index.html)and/ora
WHOpositionpaper(http://www.who.int/immunization/documents/positionpapers/en/index.html).
Thissitewillbeupdatedasnewpositionpapersarepublishedandcontainsthemostrecentinformation
andrecommendations.
AllvaccinesshouldcomplywiththeWHORequirementsforBiologicalSubstances.
WHOnotedtheneedforvaccinesusedinchildrentobepolyvalent.
BCGvaccine
choleravaccine
diphtheriavaccine
Haemophilusinfluenzaetypebvaccine
hepatitisAvaccine
hepatitisBvaccine
influenzavaccine
Japaneseencephalitisvaccine
measlesvaccine
meningococcalmeningitisvaccine
mumpsvaccine
pertussisvaccine
pneumococcalvaccine
EML 18 (April 2013)
page - 30
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
18thedition
poliomyelitisvaccine
rabiesvaccine
rotavirusvaccine
rubellavaccine
tetanusvaccine
typhoidvaccine
varicellavaccine
yellowfevervaccine
20. MUSCLE RELAXANTS (PERIPHERALLY-ACTING) AND CHOLINESTERASE
INHIBITORS
atracurium
Injection: 10mg/ml(besylate).
neostigmine
Injection: 500microgramsin1mlampoule;2.5mg
(metilsulfate)in1mlampoule.
Tablet:15mg(bromide).
Injection: 50mg(chloride)/mlin2mlampoule.
suxamethonium
Powderforinjection(chloride),invial.
vecuronium[c]
Powderforinjection:10mg(bromide)invial.
ComplementaryList
Injection:1mgin1mlampoule.
pyridostigmine
Tablet:60mg(bromide).
vecuronium
Powderforinjection:10mg(bromide)invial.
21. OPHTHALMOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS

21.1 Anti-infective agents
aciclovir
Ointment: 3%W/W.
azithromycin
Solution(eyedrops):1.5%.
gentamicin
Solution(eyedrops):0.3%(sulfate).
ofloxacin
Solution(eyedrops): 0.3%.
tetracycline
Eyeointment: 1%(hydrochloride).
21.2 Anti-inflammatory agents

prednisolone
Solution(eyedrops): 0.5%(sodiumphosphate).
21.3 Local anaesthetics

tetracainea
Solution(eyedrops): 0.5%(hydrochloride).
a
Not in preterm neonates.
EML 18 (April 2013)
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18thedition
21.4 Miotics and antiglaucoma medicines

acetazolamide
Tablet: 250mg.
latanoprost
Solution(eyedrops): latanoprost50micrograms/ml.
pilocarpine
Solution(eyedrops): 2%;4%(hydrochlorideornitrate).
timolol
Solution (eyedrops): 0.25%;0.5%(ashydrogenmaleate).
21.5 Mydriatics
Solution(eyedrops): 0.1%;0.5%;1%(sulfate).
atropine* a
*[c]Orhomatropine(hydrobromide)orcyclopentolate
(hydrochloride).
a
>3 months.
ComplementaryList
Solution(eyedrops): 2%(ashydrochloride).
21.6 Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)

ComplementaryList
bevacizumab
Injection:25mg/ml.
22. OXYTOCICS AND ANTIOXYTOCICS

22.1 Oxytocics
ergometrine
misoprostol
Injection: 200micrograms(hydrogenmaleate)in1ml
ampoule.
Tablet: 200micrograms.*
*Formanagementofincompleteabortionandmiscarriage,and
forpreventionofpostpartumhaemorrhagewhereoxytocinis
notavailableorcannotbesafelyused.
Vaginaltablet:25micrograms.*
*Onlyforuseforinductionoflabourwhereappropriate
facilitiesareavailable.
oxytocin
Injection: 10IUin1ml.
ComplementaryList
mifepristone*misoprostol*
Wherepermittedundernational
lawandwhereculturally
acceptable.
Tablet200mgtablet200micrograms.
*Requiresclosemedicalsupervision.
22.2 Antioxytocics (tocolytics)

nifedipine
Immediatereleasecapsule: 10mg.
EML 18 (April 2013)
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18thedition
23. PERITONEAL DIALYSIS SOLUTION

ComplementaryList
intraperitonealdialysissolution
(ofappropriatecomposition)
Parenteralsolution.
24. MEDICINES FOR MENTAL AND BEHAVIOURAL DISORDERS

24.1 Medicines used in psychotic disorders
chlorpromazine
Oralliquid:25mg(hydrochloride)/5ml.
fluphenazine
haloperidol
Injection: 25mg(decanoate orenantate)in1mlampoule.

Injection: 5mgin1mlampoule.
Tablet:2mg;5mg.
risperidone
Solidoraldosageform:0.25mg to6 mg.
ComplementaryList
Injection:25mg(hydrochloride)/mlin2mlampoule.
chlorpromazine[c]
Oralliquid:25mg(hydrochloride)/5ml.
Tablet:10mg;25mg;50mg;100mg(hydrochloride).
Injection: 5mgin1mlampoule.
haloperidol[c]
Oralliquid:2mg/ml.
Solidoraldosageform:0.5mg;2mg;5mg.
clozapine
Solidoraldosageform:25mgto200mg.
24.2 Medicines used in mood disorders

24.2.1 Medicines used in depressive disorders
amitriptyline
Tablet: 25mg;75 mg (hydrochloride).
fluoxetine
fluoxetinea
a
>8 years.
24.2.2 Medicines used in bipolar disorders

carbamazepine
Tablet(scored): 100mg;200mg.
lithiumcarbonate
valproicacid(sodiumvalproate)
Tablet(entericcoated): 200mg;500mg(sodiumvalproate).
24.3 Medicines for anxiety disorders

diazepam
EML 18 (April 2013)
Tablet(scored): 2mg;5mg.
page - 33
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24.4 Medicines used for obsessive compulsive disorders

clomipramine
Capsule: 10mg;25mg(hydrochloride).
24.5 Medicines for disorders due to psychoactive substance use

Chewinggum:2mg;4mg (aspolacrilex).
nicotinereplacementtherapy(NRT)
Transdermalpatch:5mgto30mg/16hrs;
7mgto21mg/24hrs.
ComplementaryList
Concentratefororalliquid: 5mg/ml;10 mg/ml(hydrochloride).
methadone*
Oralliquid:5mg/5ml;10mg/5ml(hydrochloride).
*Thesquareboxisaddedtoincludebuprenorphine.Themedicines
shouldonlybeusedwithinanestablishedsupportprogramme.
25. MEDICINES ACTING ON THE RESPIRATORY TRACT

25.1 Antiasthmatic and medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
beclometasone
Inhalation(aerosol): 50 micrograms(dipropionate)perdose;
100micrograms(dipropionate)perdose(asCFCfreeforms).
budesonide[c]
Inhalation(aerosol): 100microgramsperdose;
200microgramsperdose.
Injection: 1mg(ashydrochloride orhydrogentartrate)in

1mlampoule.
ipratropiumbromide
Inhalation(aerosol):20micrograms/metereddose.
Inhalation(aerosol): 100micrograms(assulfate)perdose.
Injection:50micrograms(assulfate)/mlin5mlampoule.
salbutamol
Metereddoseinhaler(aerosol):100micrograms
(assulfate)perdose.
Respiratorsolutionforuseinnebulizers:5mg
(assulfate)/ml.
26. SOLUTIONS CORRECTING WATER, ELECTROLYTE AND ACID-BASE

DISTURBANCES
26.1 Oral
oralrehydrationsalts
Seesection17.5.1.
potassiumchloride
Powderforsolution.
26.2 Parenteral
glucose
EML 18 (April 2013)
Injectablesolution: 5%(isotonic);10%(hypertonic);
50%(hypertonic).
page - 34
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Injectablesolution: 4%glucose,0.18%sodiumchloride
(equivalenttoNa+30mmol/L,Cl30mmol/L).
glucosewithsodiumchloride
Injectablesolution:5%glucose,0.9%sodiumchloride
(equivalentto150mmol/LNa+and150mmol/LCl);
5%glucose,0.45%sodiumchloride(equivalentto75mmol/L
Na+and75mmol/LCl)[c].
Solution: 11.2%in20mlampoule (equivalentto
K+1.5mmol/ml,Cl1.5mmol/ml).
potassiumchloride
sodiumchloride
Solutionfordilution:7.5%(equivalenttoK1mmol/mland
Cl1mmol/ml)[c];15%(equivalenttoK2mmol/mland
Cl2mmol/ml)[c].
Injectablesolution: 0.9%isotonic(equivalentto
Na+154mmol/L,Cl154mmol/L).
Injectablesolution:1.4%isotonic(equivalentto
Na+167mmol/L,HCO3167mmol/L).
sodiumhydrogencarbonate
Solution:8.4%in10mlampoule(equivalentto
Na+1000mmol/L,HCO31000mmol/L).
sodiumlactate,compoundsolution
Injectablesolution.
26.3 Miscellaneous
waterforinjection
2ml;5ml;10mlampoules.
27. VITAMINS AND MINERALS

ascorbicacid
Tablet: 50mg.
calcium
Tablet:500mg(elemental).
Oralliquid: 400IU/ml.
cholecalciferol*[c]
Solidoraldosageform:400IU;1000IU.
*Ergocalciferolcanbeusedasanalternative.
ergocalciferol
Oralliquid: 250micrograms/ml(10000IU/ml).
Solidoraldosageform:1.25mg(50000IU).
Capsule: 200 mg.
iodine
Iodizedoil:1ml(480mgiodine);0.5ml(240mgiodine)in
ampoule(oralorinjectable);0.57ml(308mgiodine)in
dispenserbottle.
nicotinamide
Tablet: 50mg.
pyridoxine
EML 18 (April 2013)
page - 35
EssentialMedicines
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18thedition
Capsule: 50000IU;100 000IU;200000IU(aspalmitate).

Oraloilysolution:100000IU(aspalmitate)/mlinmultidose
dispenser.
retinol
Tablet(sugarcoated):10000IU(aspalmitate).
Watermiscibleinjection:100000IU(aspalmitate)in
2mlampoule.
riboflavin
Tablet: 5mg.
sodiumfluoride
Inanyappropriatetopicalformulation.
thiamine
ComplementaryList
calciumgluconate
28. EAR, NOSE AND THROAT MEDICINES IN CHILDREN [c]

aceticacid
Topical:2%,inalcohol.
budesonide
Nasalspray:100microgramsperdose.
ciprofloxacin
Topical:0.3%drops(ashydrochloride).
Nasalspray: 0.05%.
xylometazolinea
aNot in children less than 3 months.
29. SPECIFIC MEDICINES FOR NEONATAL CARE

29.1 Medicines administered to the neonate [c]
caffeinecitrate
chlorhexidine
Injection:20 mg/ml(equivalentto10 mgcaffeinebase/ml).

Oralliquid:20mg/ml(equivalentto10mgcaffeinebase/ml).
Solutionorgel: 7.1%(digluconate)delivering4%
chlorhexidine(forumbilicalcordcare).
ComplementaryList
ibuprofen
Solutionforinjection:5mg/ml.
Solutionforinjection:
prostaglandinE
ProstaglandinE1:0.5mg/mlinalcohol.
ProstaglandinE2:1mg/ml.
surfactant
Suspensionforintratrachealinstillation:25mg/mlor80mg/ml.
29.2 Medicines administered to the mother

dexamethasone
Injection:4mg/mldexamethasonephosphate
(asdisodiumsalt).
30. MEDICINES FOR DISEASES OF JOINTS

30.1 Medicines used to treat gout
allopurinol
Tablet: 100mg.
EML 18 (April 2013)
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18thedition
30.2 Disease modifying agents used in rheumatoid disorders (DMARDs)

chloroquine
Tablet: 100mg;150mg(asphosphate orsulfate).
ComplementaryList
azathioprine
Tablet:50mg.
hydroxychloroquine[c]
Solidoraldosageform:200mg(assulfate).
methotrexate
Tablet:2.5mg(assodiumsalt).
penicillamine
sulfasalazine
Tablet:500mg.
30.3 Juvenile joint diseases [c]

ComplementaryList
Suppository:50mgto150mg.
acetylsalicylicacid*
(acuteorchronicuse)
*Foruseforrheumaticfever,juvenilearthritis,Kawasakidisease.
EML 18 (April 2013)
page - 37
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18thedition
Table 1: Medicines with age or weight restrictions

atazanavir
atropine
benzylbenzoate
betamethasonetopicalpreparations
cefazolin
ceftriaxone
diloxanide
doxycycline
efavirenz
emtricitabine
fluoxetine
ibuprofen
mefloquine
metoclopramide
ondansetron
saquinavir
silversulfadiazine
tetracaine
trimethoprim
xylometazoline
>25kg
>3months
>2years
Hydrocortisonepreferredinneonates
>1month
>41weekscorrectedgestationalage
>25kg
>8years(exceptforseriousinfectionse.g.cholera)
>3yearsor>10 kg
>3months
>8years
>3months(exceptIVformforpatentductusarteriosus)
>5kgor>3months
Notinneonates
>1month
>25kg
>2months
Notinpretermneonates
>6months
>3months
EML 18 (April 2013)
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Annex 1: Explanation of dosage forms
A. Principal dosage forms used in EML - Oral administration
Term
Solidoraldosageform
Tablets
Tablets(qualified)
Definition
Referstotabletsorcapsulesorothersoliddosageformssuchasmelts
thatareimmediatereleasepreparations.Itimpliesthatthereisno
differenceinclinicalefficacyorsafetybetweentheavailabledosage
forms,andcountriesshouldthereforechoosetheform(s)tobelisted
dependingonqualityandavailability.
Thetermsolidoraldosageformisneverintendedtoallowanytypeof
modifiedreleasetablet.
Refersto:
uncoatedorcoated(filmcoatedorsugarcoated)tabletsthatare
intendedtobeswallowedwhole;
unscoredandscored*;
tabletsthatareintendedtobechewedbeforebeingswallowed;
tabletsthatareintendedtobedispersedordissolvedinwateror
anothersuitableliquidbeforebeingswallowed;
tabletsthatareintendedtobecrushedbeforebeingswallowed.
Thetermtabletwithoutqualificationisneverintendedtoallowany
typeofmodifiedreleasetablet.
Referstoaspecifictypeoftablet:
chewabletabletsthatareintendedtobechewedbeforebeing
swallowed;
dispersibletabletsthatareintendedtobedispersedinwateror
anothersuitableliquidbeforebeingswallowed;
solubletabletsthatareintendedtobedissolvedinwateroranother
suitableliquidbeforebeingswallowed;
crushabletabletsthatareintendedtobecrushedbeforebeing
swallowed;
scoredtabletsbearingabreakmarkormarkswheresubdivisionis
intendedinordertoprovidedosesoflessthanonetablet;
sublingualtabletsthatareintendedtobeplacedbeneaththetongue.
Thetermtabletisalwaysqualifiedwithanadditionalterm(in
parentheses)inentrieswhereoneofthefollowingtypesoftabletis
intended:gastroresistant(suchtabletsmaysometimesbedescribedas
entericcoatedorasdelayedrelease),prolongedreleaseoranother
modifiedreleaseform.
Scoredtabletsmaybedividedforeaseofswallowing,provideddoseisawholenumberoftablets.
page - 39
EML 18 (April 2013)
*
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
Term
Capsules
Capsules(qualified)
Granules
Oralpowder
Oralliquid
18thedition
Definition
Referstohardorsoftcapsules.
Thetermcapsulewithoutqualificationisneverintendedtoallowany
typeofmodifiedreleasecapsule.
Thetermcapsulewithqualificationreferstogastroresistant(such
capsulesmaysometimesbedescribedasentericcoatedorasdelayed
release),prolongedreleaseoranothermodifiedreleaseform.
Preparationsthatareissuedtopatientasgranulestobeswallowed
withoutfurtherpreparation,tobechewed,ortobetakeninorwith
wateroranothersuitableliquid.
Thetermgranuleswithoutfurtherqualificationisneverintendedto
allowanytypeofmodifiedreleasegranules.
Preparationsthatareissuedtopatientaspowder(usuallyassingle
dose)tobetakeninorwithwateroranothersuitableliquid.
Liquidpreparationsintendedtobeswallowed i.e.oralsolutions,
suspensions,emulsionsandoraldrops,includingthoseconstitutedfrom
powdersorgranules,butnotthosepreparationsintendedfororomucosal
administratione.g.garglesandmouthwashes.
Oralliquidspresentedaspowdersorgranulesmayofferbenefitsinthe
formofbetterstabilityandlowertransportcosts.Ifmorethanonetype
oforalliquidisavailableonthesamemarket(e.g.solution,suspension,
granulesforreconstitution),theymaybeinterchangedandinsuchcases
shouldbebioequivalent.Itispreferablethatoralliquidsdonotcontain
sugarandthatsolutionsforchildrendonotcontainalcohol.
B. Principal dosage forms used in EMLc - Parenteral administration
Term
Injection
Injection(qualified)
Injection(oily)
Intravenousinfusion
Definition
Referstosolutions,suspensionsandemulsionsincludingthose
constitutedfrompowdersorconcentratedsolutions.
Routeofadministrationisindicatedinparentheseswhererelevant.
Theterminjectionisqualifiedby(oily)inrelevantentries.
Referstosolutionsandemulsionsincludingthoseconstitutedfrom
powdersorconcentratedsolutions.
EML 18 (April 2013)
page - 40
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18thedition
C. Other dosage forms
Modeof
administration
Totheeye
Topical
Rectal
Vaginal
Inhalation
Termtobeused
Eyedrops,eyeointments.
Forliquids:lotions,paints.
Forsemisolids:cream,ointment.
Suppositories,gelorsolution.
Pessariesorvaginaltablets.
Powderforinhalation,pressurizedinhalation,nebulizer.
EML 18 (April 2013)
page - 41
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18thedition
Index
abacavir(ABC)..........................................................15
acetazolamide............................................................33
aceticacid...................................................................37
acetylcysteine..............................................................8
acetylsalicylicacid....................................6,20,25,38
aciclovir................................................................14,32
albendazole..................................................................9
allopurinol.............................................................21,37
amidotrizoate............................................................26
amikacin.......................................................................13
amiloride....................................................................27
amiodarone..................................................................24
amitriptyline..........................................................6,34
amlodipine.................................................................24
amodiaquine..............................................................18
amoxicillin.................................................................10
amoxicillin+clavulanicacid...................................10
amphotericinB....................................................14,17
ampicillin...................................................................10
antiDimmunoglobulin(human)..........................31
antirabiesimmunoglobulin(human)....................31
antitetanusimmunoglobulin(human).................31
antivenomimmunoglobulin...................................31
artemether..................................................................18
artemether+lumefantrine......................................18
artesunate...................................................................18
artesunate+amodiaquine.......................................18
artesunate+mefloquine..........................................18
ascorbicacid..............................................................36
asparaginase................................................................21
atazanavir...................................................................16
atracurium.................................................................32
atropine..............................................................5,8,33
azathioprine...........................................................20,38
azithromycin.......................................................11,32
bariumsulfate.....................................................26,27
BCGvaccine...............................................................31
beclometasone...........................................................35
benzathinebenzylpenicillin....................................10
benznidazole.............................................................20
benzoylperoxide......................................................26
benzylbenzoate........................................................26
benzylpenicillin.........................................................10
betamethasone..........................................................26
bevacizumab................................................................33
biperiden....................................................................22
bisoprolol.............................................................24,25
bleomycin.....................................................................21
budesonide..........................................................35,37
bupivacaine.................................................................5
EML 18 (April 2013)
caffeinecitrate...........................................................37
calamine.....................................................................26
calcium.......................................................................36
calciumfolinate...........................................................21
calciumgluconate.................................................8,37
capreomycin................................................................14
carbamazepine......................................................8,34
carboplatin...................................................................21
cefalexin.....................................................................10
cefazolin.....................................................................10
cefixime......................................................................10
cefotaxime....................................................................11
ceftazidime...................................................................11
ceftriaxone.................................................................10
charcoal,activated......................................................8
chlorambucil................................................................21
chloramphenicol.......................................................11
chlorhexidine......................................................27,37
chlorinebasecompound.........................................27
chloroquine....................................................18,19,38
chloroxylenol.............................................................27
chlorpromazine.........................................................34
cholecalciferol...........................................................36
choleravaccine..........................................................31
ciclosporin...................................................................20
ciprofloxacin........................................................11,37
clarithromycin...........................................................11
clindamycin.................................................................12
clofazimine................................................................13
clomifene......................................................................30
clomipramine............................................................35
clotrimazole...............................................................14
cloxacillin...................................................................10
clozapine......................................................................34
coagulationfactorIX...................................................23
coagulationfactorVIII................................................23
coaltar........................................................................26
codeine.........................................................................6
condoms.....................................................................30
coppercontainingdevice........................................30
cyclizine.......................................................................6
cyclophosphamide........................................................21
cycloserine...................................................................14
cytarabine....................................................................21
dacarbazine..................................................................21
dactinomycin...............................................................21
dapsone......................................................................13
daunorubicin...............................................................21
deferoxamine............................................................8,23
dexamethasone.....................................6,7,22,28,37
page - 42
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18thedition
dextran70...................................................................23
diaphragms................................................................30
diazepam............................................................6,8,34
didanosine(ddI).......................................................15
diethylcarbamazine....................................................9
digoxin..................................................................24,25
diloxanide..................................................................17
dimercaprol....................................................................8
diphtheriaantitoxin.................................................31
diphtheriavaccine....................................................31
docetaxel......................................................................21
docusatesodium.........................................................7
dopamine......................................................................25
doxorubicin..................................................................21
doxycycline....................................................12,18,19
efavirenz(EFVorEFZ)............................................16
efavirenz+emtricitabine+tenofovir....................16
eflornithine................................................................20
emtricitabine(FTC)..................................................15
emtricitabine+tenofovir.........................................16
enalapril...............................................................24,25
ephedrine........................................................................5
epinephrine(adrenaline).........................7,24,33,35
ergocalciferol.............................................................36
ergometrine...............................................................33
erythromycin.............................................................12
estradiolcypionate+medroxyprogesterone
acetate.....................................................................29
ethambutol.................................................................13
ethambutol+isoniazid............................................13
ethambutol+isoniazid+pyrazinamide+
rifampicin...............................................................13
ethambutol+isoniazid+rifampicin.....................13
ethanol........................................................................27
ethinylestradiol+levonorgestrel...........................29
ethinylestradiol+norethisterone...........................29
ethionamide..................................................................14
ethosuximide..................................................................9
etoposide.......................................................................21
ferroussalt.................................................................22
ferroussalt+folicacid.............................................22
fluconazole.................................................................14
flucytosine..................................................................14
fludrocortisone..........................................................29
fluorescein..................................................................26
fluorouracil............................................................21,26
fluoxetine...............................................................7,34
fluphenazine..............................................................34
folicacid.....................................................................22
fomepizole......................................................................8
freshfrozenplasma..................................................23
furosemide...........................................................25,27
EML 18 (April 2013)
gentamicin...........................................................12,32
gliclazide....................................................................30
glucagon.....................................................................30
glucose........................................................................35
glucosewithsodiumchloride................................36
glutaral.......................................................................27
glyceryltrinitrate......................................................24
griseofulvin...............................................................14
Haemophilusinfluenzaetypebvaccine...................31
haloperidol............................................................7,34
halothane.....................................................................5
heparinsodium.........................................................22
hepatitisAvaccine...................................................31
hepatitisBvaccine....................................................31
humannormalimmunoglobulin.................................23
hydralazine................................................................24
hydrochlorothiazide....................................24,25,27
hydrocortisone....................................7,22,26,28,29
hydroxocobalamin...................................................22
hydroxycarbamide.................................................21,23
hydroxychloroquine.....................................................38
hyoscinebutylbromide..............................................7
hyoscinehydrobromide............................................7
ibuprofen.........................................................6,20,37
ifosfamide.....................................................................21
imipenem+cilastatin..................................................11
indinavir(IDV).........................................................16
influenzavaccine......................................................31
insulininjection(soluble)........................................30
intermediateactinginsulin....................................30
intraperitonealdialysissolution.................................34
iodine..........................................................................36
iohexol........................................................................26
ipratropiumbromide...............................................35
isoflurane.....................................................................5
isoniazid.....................................................................13
isoniazid+pyrazinamide+rifampicin.................13
isoniazid+rifampicin..............................................13
isosorbidedinitrate..................................................24
ivermectin....................................................................9
Japaneseencephalitisvaccine................................31
kanamycin...................................................................14
ketamine.......................................................................5
lactulose.......................................................................7
lamivudine(3TC).....................................................15
lamivudine+nevirapine+stavudine...................17
lamivudine+nevirapine+zidovudine................17
lamivudine+zidovudine........................................17
latanoprost.................................................................33
levamisole....................................................................9
levodopa+carbidopa..............................................22
levofloxacin..................................................................14
page - 43
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
18thedition
levonorgestrel............................................................29
levonorgestrelreleasingimplant...........................30
levothyroxine............................................................30
lidocaine.................................................................5,24
lidocaine+epinephrine(adrenaline)......................5
lithiumcarbonate......................................................34
loperamide...................................................................7
lopinavir+ritonavir(LPV/r)...................................16
loratadine.....................................................................7
lorazepam....................................................................8
Lugolssolution...........................................................30
magnesiumsulfate.....................................................8
mannitol.....................................................................27
measlesvaccine.........................................................31
mebendazole...............................................................9
medroxyprogesteroneacetate..........................29,30
mefloquine...........................................................18,19
meglumineantimoniate..........................................17
meglumineiotroxate....................................................27
melarsoprol................................................................20
meningococcalmeningitisvaccine........................31
mercaptopurine............................................................21
mesna...........................................................................21
metformin..................................................................30
methadone....................................................................35
methotrexate..........................................................21,38
methyldopa................................................................25
methylprednisolone.....................................................22
methylthioniniumchloride(methyleneblue).......8
metoclopramide........................................................28
metronidazole.....................................................12,17
miconazole.................................................................25
midazolam...............................................................5,7
mifepristone.................................................................33
miltefosine.................................................................17
misoprostol................................................................33
morphine..................................................................5,6
mumpsvaccine.........................................................31
mupirocin...................................................................26
naloxone.......................................................................8
neostigmine...............................................................32
nevirapine(NVP)......................................................16
niclosamide..................................................................9
nicotinamide..............................................................36
nicotinereplacementtherapy(NRT).....................35
nifedipine...................................................................33
nifurtimox..................................................................20
nitrofurantoin............................................................12
nitrousoxide................................................................5
norethisteroneenantate...........................................29
nystatin.......................................................................14
ofloxacin.....................................................................32
EML 18 (April 2013)
omeprazole................................................................27
ondansetron...........................................................7,28
oralrehydrationsalts.........................................29,35
oseltamivir.................................................................17
oxamniquine................................................................10
oxygen..........................................................................5
oxytocin......................................................................33
paclitaxel......................................................................21
paminosalicylicacid...................................................14
pancreaticenzymes.....................................................27
paracetamol...........................................................6,20
paromomycin............................................................17
pegylatedinterferonalpha(2aor2b)..........................17
penicillamine.........................................................8,38
pentamidine.................................................................19
permethrin.................................................................26
pertussisvaccine.......................................................31
phenobarbital..............................................................9
phenoxymethylpenicillin........................................10
phenytoin.....................................................................9
phytomenadione......................................................22
pilocarpine.................................................................33
plateletconcentrates................................................23
pneumococcalvaccine.............................................31
podophyllumresin...................................................26
poliomyelitisvaccine...............................................32
polyvidoneiodine....................................................27
potassiumchloride.............................................35,36
potassiumferrichexacyanoferrate(II)2H20
(Prussianblue)........................................................8
potassiumiodide....................................................14,30
potassiumpermanganate........................................26
praziquantel................................................................9
prednisolone....................................................7,22,32
primaquine................................................................19
procainebenzylpenicillin........................................11
procarbazine................................................................21
proguanil...................................................................19
propofol........................................................................5
propranolol................................................................20
propylthiouracil........................................................30
prostaglandinE...........................................................37
protaminesulfate...............................................22,23
pyrantel........................................................................9
pyrazinamide............................................................13
pyridostigmine............................................................32
pyridoxine.................................................................36
pyrimethamine.........................................................19
quinine.......................................................................19
rabiesvaccine............................................................32
ranitidine....................................................................28
redbloodcells...........................................................23
page - 44
EssentialMedicines
WHOModelList
18thedition
suraminsodium........................................................20
surfactant....................................................................37
suxamethonium........................................................32
tamoxifen.....................................................................22
tenofovirdisoproxilfumarate................................15
terbinafine..................................................................26
testosterone..................................................................29
tetanusvaccine..........................................................32
tetracaine....................................................................32
tetracycline................................................................32
thiamine.....................................................................37
thioguanine..................................................................21
timolol........................................................................33
tranexamicacid.........................................................22
triclabendazole............................................................9
trimethoprim.............................................................12
tropicamide...............................................................26
tuberculin,purifiedproteinderivative(PPD).....31
typhoidvaccine........................................................32
urea.............................................................................26
valproicacid(sodiumvalproate)......................9,34
vancomycin.................................................................12
varicellavaccine.......................................................32
vecuronium...............................................................32
verapamil...................................................................24
vinblastine...................................................................21
vincristine....................................................................21
warfarin................................................................22,23
waterforinjection....................................................36
wholeblood...............................................................23
xylometazoline..........................................................37
yellowfevervaccine................................................32
zidovudine(ZDVorAZT)......................................15
zincsulfate.................................................................29
retinol..........................................................................37
ribavirin......................................................................17
riboflavin....................................................................37
rifabutin......................................................................13
rifampicin...................................................................13
risperidone.................................................................34
ritonavir......................................................................16
rotavirusvaccine.......................................................32
rubellavaccine..........................................................32
salbutamol.................................................................35
salicylicacid...............................................................26
saquinavir(SQV)......................................................16
seleniumsulfide........................................................25
senna.......................................................................7,28
silversulfadiazine.....................................................26
simvastatin.................................................................25
sodiumcalciumedetate.................................................8
sodiumchloride........................................................36
sodiumfluoride........................................................37
sodiumhydrogencarbonate...................................36
sodiumlactate...........................................................36
sodiumnitrite..............................................................8
sodiumnitroprusside...................................................25
sodiumstibogluconate.............................................17
sodiumthiosulfate................................................8,25
spectinomycin...........................................................12
spironolactone.....................................................25,27
stavudine(d4T).........................................................15
streptokinase................................................................25
streptomycin........................................................13,14
succimer.........................................................................8
sulfadiazine...............................................................19
sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine.................................19
sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim...................12,19
sulfasalazine........................................................28,38
EML 18 (April 2013)
page - 45

WHO Model List of Essential Medicines

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1.1.2 Injectable medicines

1.2 Local anaesthetics

1.3 Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures

Injection: 10mg(sulfate orhydrochloride)in1mlampoule.

EML 18 (April 2013)

2. MEDICINES FOR PAIN AND PALLIATIVE CARE

Not in children less than 3 months.

Oralliquid: 125mg/5 ml.

2.2 Opioid analgesics

2.3 Medicines for other common symptoms in palliative care

EML 18 (April 2013)

Injection: 5mgin1ml ampoule.

3. ANTIALLERGICS AND MEDICINES USED IN ANAPHYLAXIS

Injection: 1mg(ashydrochloride orhydrogentartrate)in1ml

EML 18 (April 2013)

4. ANTIDOTES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES USED IN POISONINGS

EML 18 (April 2013)

6.1.3 Antischistosomals and other antitrematode medicines

EML 18 (April 2013)

Oralliquid: 125 mgamoxicillin+31.25 mgclavulanicacid/5 ml

Powderforinjection: 900 mgbenzylpenicillin(=1.2million

Capsule: 400mg (astrihydrate).

>41 weeks corrected gestational age.

EML 18 (April 2013)

6.2.2 Other antibacterials

EML 18 (April 2013)

Oralliquid:25 mg/5 ml[c];50 mg/5 ml(anhydrous)[c].

Oralliquid: 25 mg/5 ml[c].

6.2.3 Antileprosy medicines

EML 18 (April 2013)

6.2.4 Antituberculosis medicines

Powderforinjection: 1g (assulfate) invial.

6.3 Antifungal medicines

6.4 Antiviral medicines

EML 18 (April 2013)

Oralliquid: 50mg/5 ml.

EML 18 (April 2013)

6.4.2.2 Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

>3 years or >10 kg weight.

EML 18 (April 2013)

6.4.3 Other antivirals

6.5 Antiprotozoal medicines

6.5.2 Antileishmaniasis medicines

Powderforinjection: 50mginvial (assodiumdeoxycholate or

6.5.3 Antimalarial medicines

EML 18 (April 2013)

>5 kg or >3 months.

6.5.5 Antitrypanosomal medicines

EML 18 (April 2013)

6.5.5.2 American trypanosomiasis

Oralliquid: 125mg/5 ml[c].

7.2 For prophylaxis

8. ANTINEOPLASTIC AND IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVES

8.1 Immunosuppressive medicines

EML 18 (April 2013)

8.2 Cytotoxic and adjuvant medicines

EML 18 (April 2013)

8.3 Hormones and antihormones

Tablet: 100mg+10 mg;100 mg + 25 mg;

10. MEDICINES AFFECTING THE BLOOD

Injection: 1mg (asacetate,hydrochlorideorassulfate)in1ml

10.2 Medicines affecting coagulation