IVERSITY O

YLAND BA
L

1966

U M B C

AR

UMBC

MOS: Metal-Oxide-Silicon

Principles of VLSI Design

MO

UN

TI

RE COUNT
Y

Basics

(Sept. 6, 2000)

CMPE 414

IVERSITY O
F

YLAND BA
L

1966

U M B C

AR

diffusion

p-substrate

Gate

VGS

Basics

n-channel

Source

Rs

UMBC

Source
n+

Thin Oxide

IDS
GND

An nMOS transistor

Principles of VLSI Design

MO

UN

TI

RE COUNT
Y

Drain
n+

Drain

VDS

(Sept. 6, 2000)

GND

IDS

Rd

CMPE 414

IVERSITY O
F

YLAND BA
L

1966

U M B C

AR

n+

n-transistor

p+

UMBC

GND

n-diffusion contact
(source)

p-substrate contact

Inverter Cross-section

Principles of VLSI Design

MO

UN

TI

RE COUNT
Y

CMPE 414

p substrate

(drains)

p+

polysilicon gate
(In)

n+

glass

p-transistor

p+
n+
n-well

(Sept. 6, 2000)

layer #1

layer #3
layer #2

VDD

m1-m2 contact p-diffusion contact

(source)
m2 (Out)
m1
n-substrate contact

Basics

YLAND BA
L

1966

U M B C

AR

UMBC

Weak

nMOS

*** Strong ***

MOS Transistors as Switches

IVERSITY O
F

Basics

Principles of VLSI Design

MO

UN

TI

RE COUNT
Y

pMOS

(Sept. 6, 2000)

*** Strong ***

Weak

CMPE 414

IVERSITY O
F

YLAND BA
L

1966

U M B C

AR

Out

N1

UMBC

P1

Vdd

MOS Transistor Switches

Principles of VLSI Design

MO

UN

TI

RE COUNT
Y

BAD IDEA

Basics

(Sept. 6, 2000)

CMPE 414

IVERSITY O
F

YLAND BA
L

1966

U M B C

AR

N1

P1

nMOS

Out

UMBC

In

source

MOS Transistor Switches

Principles of VLSI Design

MO

UN

TI

RE COUNT
Y

drain

pMOS

1
Z

drain

CMPE 414

(Sept. 6, 2000)

A and A control the transmission of a

signal on In to Out.

Note that neither transistor is connected

to VDD or GND.

One pMOS and one nMOS in parallel.

source

Basics

IVERSITY O
F

YLAND BA
L

1966

U M B C

AR

N1

Out

Vdd

UMBC

CMOS Inverter

P1

The CMOS Inverter

Principles of VLSI Design

MO

UN

TI

RE COUNT
Y

Basics

(Sept. 6, 2000)

CMPE 414

IVERSITY O
F

YLAND BA
L

1966

U M B C

AR

A
P2

UMBC

N1

N2

P1

Vdd

Out

N1

N2

Vdd

P2

P1

NAND and NOR CMOS Gates

Principles of VLSI Design

MO

UN

TI

RE COUNT
Y

B
Out

Basics

A
B

A
B

(Sept. 6, 2000)

1
1

CMPE 414

IVERSITY O
F

YLAND BA
L

1966

U M B C

AR

UMBC

Pass Gates Applications: Select Mux

Principles of VLSI Design

MO

UN

TI

RE COUNT
Y

Basics

VDD

(Sept. 6, 2000)

CMPE 414

IVERSITY O
F

Basics

Out

represent

Clk

Clk = 0

1966

U M B C

YLAND BA
L

UMBC

10

State of the output is dependent on the

level of the clock.

AR

A positive level-sensitive latch:

Let

N1

P1

Pass Gates Applications: Latches and Registers

Principles of VLSI Design

MO

UN

TI

RE COUNT
Y

The S black box

terminal connects
to the n-channel
device.

(Sept. 6, 2000)

Note: Other notations for D:

-D or DN or D.L.

When Clk = 0, D is ignored,

Feedback path is established.

When Clk = 1, Q set to D

and Q set to D

Out

Although S is not
given in the black
box abstraction,
it must be routed to
the pass gate.

CMPE 414

Basics

CMPE 414

Clk

Clk

QM follows D, Q is stored

QM

QM transferred to Q

Clk

1966

U M B C

YLAND BA
L

UMBC

11

(Sept. 6, 2000)

Forms the basis of most CMOS storage elements (EXCEPTIONS: RAM and ROM).

AR

IVERSITY O
F

Combine one negative (master) and one positive (slave) level-sensitive latch.

Pass Gates Applications: Latches and Registers

Principles of VLSI Design

MO

UN

TI

RE COUNT
Y

IVERSITY O
F

YLAND BA
L

1966

U M B C

AR

UMBC

More CMOS Gates

Principles of VLSI Design

MO

UN

TI

RE COUNT
Y

N2

P2

12

Vdd

Basics

N1

P1

(Sept. 6, 2000)

Out

Vdd

CMPE 414

IVERSITY O
F

YLAND BA
L

1966

U M B C

AR

UMBC

And More CMOS Gates

Principles of VLSI Design

MO

UN

TI

RE COUNT
Y

13

Basics

Out

(Sept. 6, 2000)

CMPE 414

IVERSITY O
F

YLAND BA
L

1966

U M B C

AR

UMBC

B
C

And More CMOS Gates

Principles of VLSI Design

MO

UN

TI

RE COUNT
Y

P2

14

N3 N4

N2

N1

P1

Vdd

Basics

P4

P3

(Sept. 6, 2000)

OAI

CMPE 414

IVERSITY O
F

YLAND BA
L

1966

U M B C

AR

UMBC

15

Product of Sums

Conjunctive Normal Form

OAI = ( + ) . ( + )

Basics

Sum of Products

Disjunctive Normal Form

AOI = ( . ) + ( . )

AOI and OAI

Principles of VLSI Design

MO

UN

TI

RE COUNT
Y

(Sept. 6, 2000)

CMPE 414

IVERSITY O
F

Basics

YLAND BA
L

1966

U M B C

AR

UMBC

16

n side

or requires parallel
connection

Building CMOS logic gates from expressions:

Principles of VLSI Design

MO

UN

TI

RE COUNT
Y

and requires series

connection

(Sept. 6, 2000)

CMPE 414

IVERSITY O
F

Basics

YLAND BA
L

1966

U M B C

AR

UMBC

p side

17

or requires parallel
connection

Building CMOS logic gates from expressions:

Principles of VLSI Design

MO

UN

TI

RE COUNT
Y

and requires series

connection

(Sept. 6, 2000)

CMPE 414

IVERSITY O
F

Basics

YLAND BA
L

1966

U M B C

AR

UMBC

18

Building CMOS logic gates from expressions:

Principles of VLSI Design

MO

UN

TI

RE COUNT
Y

(Sept. 6, 2000)

CMPE 414

IVERSITY O
F

YLAND BA
L

1966

U M B C

AR

UMBC

Other Transformations

Principles of VLSI Design

MO

UN

TI

RE COUNT
Y

19

Basics

(Sept. 6, 2000)

CMPE 414

IVERSITY O
F

YLAND BA
L

1966

U M B C

AR

UMBC

Other Transformations

Principles of VLSI Design

MO

UN

TI

RE COUNT
Y

20

F = ( expression )

Basics

(Sept. 6, 2000)

CMPE 414

IVERSITY O
F

YLAND BA
L

1966

U M B C

AR

UMBC

F = A ( C + D )E + B + ( C + D )E

F = A ( C + D )E + B + ( C + D )E

F = A ( C + D )E + B ( C + D )E

F = ( A + B ) ( C + D )E

F = AB ( C + D )E

F = ( AB ) + ( C + D )E

F = ( AB ) + ( C + D )E

Other Transformations

Principles of VLSI Design

MO

UN

TI

RE COUNT
Y

21

Basics

(Sept. 6, 2000)

F = ( A + B ) ( C + D )E

CMPE 414

IVERSITY O
F

YLAND BA
L

1966

U M B C

AR

UMBC

F = ( A + B)(C + D + E )

F = ( A + B ) ( C + D )E

F = AB ( C + D )E

F = ( AB ) + ( C + D )E

F = ( AB ) + ( C + D )E

Other Transformations

Principles of VLSI Design

MO

UN

TI

RE COUNT
Y

22

Basics

(Sept. 6, 2000)

F = ( A + B ) ( C + D )E

CMPE 414

IVERSITY O
F

YLAND BA
L

1966

U M B C

AR

Basics

UMBC

F = ( A + CD ) + ABC

F = ( A + CD ) + ABC

F = ACD + ABC

23

F = ACD + BC ( A + CD ) = ACD + BC ( A + ACD )

F = A A + ACD + ABC + BCCD

F = ( A + BC ) ( A + CD )

F = ABC + ACD

F = ABC + ACD

Other Transformations

Principles of VLSI Design

MO

UN

TI

RE COUNT
Y

(Sept. 6, 2000)

CMPE 414

IVERSITY O
F

1966

F = ( A + B ) ( A + C )D

F = ( AB ) ( A + C )D

UMBC

F = ( A + B + C ) + D( A + B)

F = ABC + D ( A + B )

F = ABC + ABD + AD + BD

24

F = ABC + ABD + ADC + ADD + BDC + BDD

YLAND BA
L

U M B C

AR

Basics

F = ( A A + AD + AB + BD ) ( C + D )

F = ( A + B)( A + D)(C + D)

F = ( A + B ) ( AD + CD )

F = ( A + B ) ( A + C )D

F = ( AB ) + ( A + C )D

F = ( AB ) + ( A + C )D

Other Transformations

Principles of VLSI Design

MO

UN

TI

RE COUNT
Y

(Sept. 6, 2000)

CMPE 414

IVERSITY O
F

YLAND BA
L

1966

U M B C

AR

UMBC

F = AB + ( A + B )

F = AB + AB

F = ( A + B)( A + B)

F = AB + AB

F = AB + AB

Carry = AB + C in ( A + B )

Carry = AB + C in ( A + B )

Other Transformations

Principles of VLSI Design

MO

UN

TI

RE COUNT
Y

25

Basics

(Sept. 6, 2000)

CMPE 414

IVERSITY O
F

YLAND BA
L

1966

U M B C

AR

UMBC

Other Transformations

26

Basics

CMPE 414

(Sept. 6, 2000)

Principles of VLSI Design

MO

UN

TI

RE COUNT
Y