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Futures of Corrections

Analyzing future correctional philosophies associated with increasing


correctional populations. One being Incapacitation and deterrence while proponents of
the justice model argued for abandoning the rehabilitation model, others began to
argue for increased crime control through incapacitation and deterrence. Escalating crime
rates from !"# to !$# led law and order ad%ocates to attac& rehabilitation as coddling
criminals. 'hey wanted to implement policies that would limit the ability of judges and
correctional officials to mitigate criminal sanctions and ad%ocated (get tough) proposals
for mandatory minimum sentences and lengthy determinate sentences. 'he concept of
incapacitation is simple as long as offenders are incarcerated, they cannot commit
crimes outside of prison. Interest in incapacitation as a crime pre%ention strategy grew
during the mid !$*s, in part due to concerns about the efficacy of rehabilitation raised
by the +artinson report, rising crime rates, and public fear of crime.
It is also generally accepted that some indi%iduals should be incarcerated
for long periods of time both as retribution for the seriousness of their offenses and
because they pose threats if released. ,owe%er, -uestions arise o%er how broadly the
incapacitation strategy should be applied and whether it is a cost effecti%e crime
pre%ention strategy. .ome who fa%or incapacitation and deterrence as& that prison space
be reser%ed for only a small, carefully selected group of dangerous repeat offenders.
Others support a general incapacitation strategy that would incarcerate a substantial
number of felons. 'he success of incapacitation in reducing crime remains a contro%ersial
subject. 'he strategy identifies the offenders who are most li&ely to commit serious
crimes more fre-uently so they can be incarcerated longer. Further support for
incapacitation came from the proposal that, although incarcerating large numbers of
felons was enormously costly, costs were also substantial if offenders were released and
continued committing crimes. 'he costs of ongoing criminal processing and loss to
%ictims. /0oris 1ayton +ac&enzie, 2**3
4eferences5
6ureau of 7ustice .tatistics, .ourceboo& of Criminal 7ustice .tatistics, 8ashington, 0.C.5
9...
0epartment of 7ustice, 6ureau of 7ustice .tatistics, !!!, :C7 $";#"

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