ATOLIA CLASSES

PLOT NO. 271, GOM DEFENSE COLONY,SUGREEV MARG, 8

TH
AVENUE CORNER,
VAISHALI, JAIPUR-21
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Materials Metal and Non-metals
Introduction of Metals and Non-metals
Materials are classified into two types metals and non-metals; on the basis of their properties. For
example aluminium, copper, iron, silver, etc. are metals. Sulphur, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, etc. are non-
metals.
Physical properties of Metals and Non-metals
ardness
Metals Metals are generally hard. For example; iron, copper, silver, gold, aluminium, etc. !ut some
metals, such as mercury, sodium, calcium, etc. are not hard.
"on-metals "on-metals are not hard. For example phosphorous, sulphur, etc. #iamond is exception,
which is a type of non-metal, coal. #iamond is the hardest naturally occurring material.
$ppearance%
Metals Metals are shiny in appearance. For example iron, gold, silver, copper, etc.
"on-metals "on-metals are dull in appearance. For example coal.
Sonorous%
Metals - Metals produce ringing sound when beaten, i.e. metals are sonorous. &his is the reason that bells
are made of metal.
"on-metals "on-metals do not produce ringing sound when beaten. $nd thus, non-metals are non-
sonorous.
#uctility%
Metals Metals are ductile in nature. &his means metals can be beaten into thin sheets. For example thin
sheets of iron are used in ma'ing the body of vehicle, ship, roof of thatched house, etc.
"on-metals "on metals are not ductile. (hen non-metal is beaten it bro'en into pieces, thus metals are
called brittle. For example when a lump of coal is beaten using a hammer, it is bro'en into pieces.
Malleability%
Metals% Metals can be drawn into wire. &his property of metal is called malleability and thus metals are
malleable. For example electric wires are made of metals, such as aluminium, copper, etc.
"on-metals% "on-metals are brittle and thus cannot be drawn into wire.
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ATOLIA CLASSES
PLOT NO. 271, GOM DEFENSE COLONY,SUGREEV MARG, 8
TH
AVENUE CORNER,
VAISHALI, JAIPUR-21
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*onductor%
Metals% Metals are good conductor of electricity and heat. &his is the cause that electric wire and 'itchen
utensils are made of metals.
"on-metals% "on-metals do not conduct electricity or heat and they are bad conductor. owever, graphite;
which is a non-metal; is an exception as it conducts electricity.
&hus, materials which are hard, sonorous, good conductors of electricity and heat, malleable, ductile and
have shiny appearance are called metals.
$nd materials which are not hard, non-sonorous, bad conductors, brittle and dull in appearance are called
non-metals.
Chemical Properties of Metals and Non-metals
Reaction of metals with oxygen:
Metals form their oxides when react with oxygen.
Metal oxides are basic in nature.
+xample -
Reaction of Iron metal with oxygen
(hen iron reacts with moist air, it forms rust. ,ust is iron oxide. $rticles made of iron, such as grills,
fencing, etc. are get rusted because of reaction with moist air.
,ust is reddish brown in colour and is iron oxide.
-ron oxide is basic in nature. -t turns red litmus blue.
Reaction of Magnesium metal with oxygen:
(hen magnesium is burnt in air, it forms magnesium oxide. !urning in air means reaction with oxygen.
Magnesium oxide forms magnesium hydroxide with water. Solution of Magnesium oxide turns red litmus
paper blue. &his means magnesium oxide is basic in nature.
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ATOLIA CLASSES
PLOT NO. 271, GOM DEFENSE COLONY,SUGREEV MARG, 8
TH
AVENUE CORNER,
VAISHALI, JAIPUR-21
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Reaction of Non-metals with oxygen:
"on-metals forms their oxides when react with oxygen.
&hus,
"on-metal forms their oxide when reacts with oxygen.
"on-metal oxides are acidic in nature.
+xample -
Reaction of sulphur with oxygen
(hen sulphur is burnt in air, it forms sulphur dioxide.
Solution of sulphur dioxide turns blue litmus paper red. Sulphur dioxide forms sulphurous acid when
dissolved in water. &hus, sulphur dioxide is basic in nature.
Reaction of carbon with oxygen
(hen carbon is burnt in air, it forms carbon dioxide. /ou can observe that when coal 0carbon1 is burnt it
forms smo'e, which contains carbon dioxide.
*arbon dioxide is basic in nature. &he solution of carbon dioxide in water turns blue litmus paper red.
Reaction of Metals and Non-metals with water:
2enerally, metals form respective hydroxides when they react with water.
Reaction of sodium metal with water:
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ATOLIA CLASSES
PLOT NO. 271, GOM DEFENSE COLONY,SUGREEV MARG, 8
TH
AVENUE CORNER,
VAISHALI, JAIPUR-21
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Sodium metal vigorously reacts with water and forms sodium hydroxide along with lot of heat.
Reaction of potassium with water:
4otassium metal vigorously reacts with water and forms potassium hydroxide along with lot of heat.
"on-metals generally do not react with water. ,ather some non-metals which react with air vigorously are
stored in water.
Reaction of metals and non-metals with dilute acid
Metals give hydrogen gas when they react with dilute acid.
Reaction of inc with dilute acid:
5inc gives hydrogen gas along with 6inc chloride when it reacts with hydrochloric acid.
Similarly, 6inc gives hydrogen gas along with 6inc sulphate when it reacts with sulphuric acid.
&his method is used to produce hydrogen gas in laboratory.
Reaction of sodium metal with dilute acid:
Sodium gives hydrogen gas and sodium chloride when reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid 0*l1.
Reaction of !luminium with dilute acid:
$luminium gives hydrogen gas along with aluminium chloride when it reacts with dilute hydrochloric
acid.
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ATOLIA CLASSES
PLOT NO. 271, GOM DEFENSE COLONY,SUGREEV MARG, 8
TH
AVENUE CORNER,
VAISHALI, JAIPUR-21
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*opper does not react with dilute sulphuric acid even on heating, but it reacts with concentrated sulphuric
acid. *opper, silver and gold are considered as noble metals as do not react with dilute acid.
2enerally, non-metals do not react with dilute acid.
Reaction of metals and non-metals with base:
Metals give hydrogen gas when they react with a base.
Reaction of aluminium metal with sodium hydroxide
$luminium metal forms hydrogen gas and sodium aluminate when it reacts with sodium hydroxide.
Similarly; 6inc gives sodium 6incate and hydrogen gas when it reacts with sodium hydroxide.
"isplacement Reaction
(hen a more reactive metal reacts with the salt solution of less reactive metal, more reactive metal
displaces the less reactive metal from its solution.
-n the above e8uation, metal $ is more reactive than metal !.
+xample
(hen aluminium metal is dipped in the solution of copper sulphate, it forms aluminium sulphate and
copper.
(hen iron reacts with solution of copper sulphate, it gives iron sulphate and copper.
-n the above two reactions, aluminium and iron are more reactive than copper, that9s why they replace
copper from the solution of copper sulphate.
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ATOLIA CLASSES
PLOT NO. 271, GOM DEFENSE COLONY,SUGREEV MARG, 8
TH
AVENUE CORNER,
VAISHALI, JAIPUR-21
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(hen copper metal is dipped in the solution of aluminium nitrate, no reaction ta'es place. !ecause copper
is less reactive than aluminium.
#se of Metals and Non-metals
;se of metals
-ron is used in ma'ing machinery, buildings, car, motorcycle, ships, bridge, etc.
*opper is used in ma'ing electric wires, statue, etc.
$luminium is used in ma'ing 'itchen utensils, electric wire, etc.
2old is used in ma'ing ornaments.
Silver is used in ma'ing ornaments.
;se of "on-metals
&he number of non-metals is very less in comparison to metals but non-metals are more useful for
us. So far only .. non-metals are discovered.
(e breathe oxygen which is a non-metal. (ithout oxygen no one can live.
Sodium chloride 0common salt1 cannot be formed without chlorine 0a non-metal1 which we use to
enhance the taste of food. (ithout using common salt, food is tasteless.
"itrogen is used in ma'ing fertili6ers.
*oal, which carbon, is used as fuel.
NC$R% &olution - Part '
). (hich of the following can be beaten into thin sheets<
0a1 5inc
0b1 4hosphorus
0c1 Sulphur
0d1 =xygen
$nswer% - 0a1 5inc
.. (hich of the following statements is correct<
0a1 $ll metals are ductile.
0b1 $ll non-metals are ductile.
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ATOLIA CLASSES
PLOT NO. 271, GOM DEFENSE COLONY,SUGREEV MARG, 8
TH
AVENUE CORNER,
VAISHALI, JAIPUR-21
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0c1 2enerally, metals are ductile.
0d1 Some non-metals are ductile.
$nswer% - 0c1 2enerally, metals are ductile
3. Fill in the blan's %
0a1 4hosphorus is very ????.non-metal.
$nswer% ,eactive
0b1 Metals are ????..conductors of heat and ????..
$nswer% 2ood, temperature
0c1 -ron is ????..reactive than copper.
$nswer% More
0d1 Metals react with acids to produce ????..gas.
$nswer% hydrogen
7. Mar' @&9 if the statement is true and @F9 if it is false.
0a1 2enerally, non-metals react with acids. () *
0b1 Sodium is a very reactive metal. ( %*
0c1 *opper displaces 6inc from 6inc sulphate solution. () *
0d1 *oal can be drawn into wires. ( )*
:. Some properties are listed in the following &able. #istinguish between metals and non-metals on the
basis of these properties.
$nswer%
4roperties Metals "on-metals
$ppearance Austrous #ull
ardness ard !rittle
Malleability Malleable "on-malleable0!rittle1
#uctility #uctile "on-ductile0!rittle1
eat conduction *onductor "on-conductor
B
ATOLIA CLASSES
PLOT NO. 271, GOM DEFENSE COLONY,SUGREEV MARG, 8
TH
AVENUE CORNER,
VAISHALI, JAIPUR-21
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*onduction of electricity *onductor "on-conductor
>. 2ive reasons for the following % -
0a1 $luminium foils are used to wrap food items.
$nswer% - $luminium is one of the least reactive metals, so it does not react with food items and does not
alter the taste. Moreover, being a metal; aluminium is highly malleable and can be made into very thin
foils which are perfect for wrapping food.
0b1 -mmersion rods for heating li8uids are made up of metallic substances.
$nswer% - -mmersion rods for heating li8uids are made up of metallic substances because metals are good
conductors of heat and electricity. &he immersion rod needs electric supply to get heated and; in turn; to
heat li8uids.
0c1 *opper cannot displace 6inc from its salt solution.
$nswer% *opper is less reactive than 6inc. &his is the reason, copper cannot displace 6inc from its salt
solution.
0d1 Sodium and potassium are stored in 'erosene.
$nswer% Sodium and potassium are highly reactive metals. -f 'ept in open, they readily react with oxygen
in the atmosphere. &he reaction is so 8uic' and that sodium and potassium easily catch fire when exposed
to air. &o prevent accidental fire, they are stored in 'erosene.
B. *an you store lemon pic'le in an aluminium utensil< +xplain.
$nswer% $luminium is a metal and most of the metals react with acid to produce hydrogen gas. Aemon
pic'le contains acid which would react with aluminium. ence, lemon pic'le should not be stored in an
aluminium pic'le.
C. -n the following &able some substances are given in *olumn -. -n *olumn -- some uses are given.
Match the items in column - with those in *olumn --.
+uestion
Column I Column II
2old &hermometers
-ron +lectric wire
$luminium (rapping food
*arbon Dewellery
copper Machinery
Mercury Fuel
!nswer
Column I Column II
2old Dewellery
-ron Machinery
$luminium (rapping food
*arbon Fuel
copper +lectric (ire
Mercury &hermometers
C
ATOLIA CLASSES
PLOT NO. 271, GOM DEFENSE COLONY,SUGREEV MARG, 8
TH
AVENUE CORNER,
VAISHALI, JAIPUR-21
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E. (hat happens when
0a1 #ilute sulphuric acid is poured on a copper plate<
0b1 -ron nails are placed in copper sulphate solution<
(rite word e8uations of the reactions involved.
$nswer% 0a1 (hen dilute sulphuric acid is poured on a copper plate, bubbles appear on the surface of
plate. &his happens because sulphuric acid reacts with copper to produce hydrogen gas. &his can be shown
by following e8uation%
Sulphuric acid F *opper G *opper sulphate F ydrogen gas
0b1 (hen iron nails are placed in copper sulphate solution, the blue colour of copper sulphate solution
fades and turns into light green. &his happens because iron displaces copper from copper sulphate
solution. &his can be shown by following e8uation%
*opper sulphate F -ron G -ron sulphate F *opper
)H. Saloni too' a piece of burning charcoal and collected the gas evolved in a test tube.
0a1 ow will she find the nature of the gas<
$nswer% For this, the evolved gas should be passed into a test tube which is filled with lime water. -f the
lime water turns mil'y, it shows that the evolved gas is carbon dioxide.
0b1 (rite down word e8uations of all the reactions ta'ing place in this process.
$nswer% *arbon F =xygen G *arbon dioxide F eat
)). =ne day ,eeta went to a Ieweller9s shop with her mother. er mother gave old gold Iewellery to the
goldsmith to polish. "ext day when they brought the Iewellery bac', they found that there was a slight
loss in its weight. *an you suggest a reason for the loss in weight<
$nswer% &he goldsmith use a mixture of acids to clean Iewellery. 2old usually doesn9t react with acids.
!ut the mixture which is used by goldsmith is $8ua regia which can even dissolve gold. #ue to this, some
gold is lost during the polishing process. &his explains the loss in weight.
E