Evolution St(he)ory > Harry Potter Stories - IV

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Punctuated

Equilibria:

1. - (fossils)
.

(Gradualism)

"Punctuated

Equilibria"

(Stephen

Gould)

Jay

(1942-2002), (Paleontologist)
.
,

 (American Museum of Natural History)

.

(The

Society

.
for

Study

of

Evolution)

.
"punctuated Equilibria"

Puntuated Equilibria
?

?,

. . ,

(Abrupt Appearance),

(stasis)

, "Puntuated Equilibria" ,

(Niles

Eldredge,

American

Museum

of

Natural

History)

1972 .
, , ()

()

()

Punctuated equilibrium predicts that a lot of evolutionary change takes place in short periods of
time tied to speciation events --- evolution.berkeley.edu

, ,

, .

()

.
"

" .

"Paleontologists have paid an enormous price for Darwin's argument.....The history of most
fossil species includes two features particularly inconsistent with gradualism:
1. Stasis. Most species exhibit no directional change during their tenure on earth. They appear in
the fossil record looking much the same as when they disappear; morphological change I usually
limited and directionless.
2. Sudden appearance. In any local area, a species does not arise gradually by the steady
transformation of its ancestors; it appears all at once and 'fully formed" Gould, Stephen J. The
Panda's Thumb, 1980, p. 181-182.

"

....

"

1. Stasis () . ,

.
2. Sudden Appearance (

).

. --- (Extract from the original quote of) Gould, Stephen J. The
Panda's Thumb, 1980, p. 181-182.
.

() "

"

. It is gradualism we should reject, not Darwinism - Gould, Stephen Jay 1980.

"The Episodic Nature of Evolutionary Change" The Panda's Thumb. New York: W. W. Norton
& Co., p. 181-182.

?
.

"The Eldredge-Gould concept of punctuated equilibria has gained wide acceptance among
paleontologists.....
The punctuated equilibrium model has been widely accepted, not because it has a compelling
theoretical basis but because it appears to resolve a dilemma" --- Ricklefs, Robert E.,
"Paleontologists Confronting Macroevolution," Science, vol. 199, 1978, p. 59.

"punctuated

Equilibria" .....

()

--- (Extract from the original

quote of) Ricklefs, Robert E., "Paleontologists Confronting Macroevolution," Science, vol. 199,
1978, p. 59.

....

?,
(

)
.
"Paleontologists ever since Darwin have been searching (largely in vain) for the sequences of
insensibly graded series of fossils that would stand as examples of the sort of wholesale
transformation of species that Darwin envisioned as the natural product of the evolutionary
process. Few saw any reason to demur - though it is a startling fact that, of the half dozen
reviews of the On the Origins of Species written by paleontologists that I have seen, all take

Darwin to task for failing to recognize that most species remain recognizably themselves,
virtually unchanged throughout their occurrence in geological sediments of various ages." --Niles Eldredge, "Progress in Evolution?" New Scientist, 5th June 1986 (volume 110, number
1511),
pages
54-57.
,

"

"

)...

Origin

of

Species

--- (Extract from the original Quote of) Niles Eldredge, "Progress in
Evolution?" New Scientist, 5th June 1986 (volume 110, number 1511), pages 54-57.

.
.
,

,
.
, ,

.
,

.
.

.
,
(

punctuated Equilibria

. ,

"puctuated

Equilibria"

"puntuated Equilibria"

?

, ?

?. ,

"

"

", ,

" ,

? ?

"

" ,

"

,
"

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,
(,

(Archaeopteryx)...etc)

""

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