Objectives: Fasteners 360102e -Key

1) Identify the 8 typical finishes for fasteners and their corresponding

characteristics. (p. 2)
a) BRIGHT
i) NATURAL UNCOATED STEEL
BRAD NAILS
b) BLUED
i) HEAT-TREATED TO FORM A THIN BLUISH OXIDE SURFACE FILM
MACHINE SCREWS, SET SCREWS
c) ELECTRO-GALVANIZED
i) ELECTRICALLY PLATED WITH A THIN LAYER OF RUST INHIBITING ZINC-
MINOR CORROSION RESISTANCE.
ZINC PLATED CONSTRUCTION SCREWS
d) HOT GALVANIZED
i) A HOT DIPPED PROCESS THAT LEAVES A HEAVY LAYER OF ZINC-
EXCELLENT CORROSION RESISTANCE
CARRIAGE BOLTS
e) TEMPERED
i) FASTENER HAS BEEN HEAT TREATED AND THEN TEMPERED TO A
HARDNESS SIGNIFICANTLY GREATER THAN STANDARD FASTENERS.
FOUND IN CONJUNCTION WITH AT LEAST ONE OTHER FINISH QUALITY.
CONCRETE NAILS.
f) PAINTED
i) HEAD OR ENTIRE FASTENER COATED WITH COLOUR TO MATCH
SPECIFIC MATERIALS
PANEL NAILS
g) PHOSPHATE COATED
i) CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT, INCREASED CORROSION
RESISTANCE AND HOLDING POWER
BOX NAILS
h) STAINLESS STEEL (SOLID OR COATED)
i) STEEL, NICKEL, AND CHROMIUM ALLOY. USED IN SEVERE OR
CORROSIVE AREAS
STAINLESS STEEL BOLTS FOR FOODSERVICE FIXTURES

2) List 5 typical nail shank textures. (p. 3)
a) SMOOTH
b) ANNULAR RINGED
c) BARBED
d) FLUTED
e) SPIRAL



3) What is the general guideline for nail length when fastening two members? (p. 3)
a) NAILS SHOULD BE LONG ENOUGH TO PENETRATE INTO THE SECOND MEMBER
AT LEAST THE THICKNESS OF THE FIRST MEMBER.
i) IF FASTENING TWO 2X4S FACE TO FACE YOUR FASTENER SHOULD BE
76 mm (3 INCHES)


4) List the 9 different nail styles outlined in the ILM and their distinguishing features
(shank size, head type, typical finish etc.) (p. 4)
a) COMMON
i) THICK SHANK, FLAT HEAD, LARGER SIZES. BRIGHT, PHOSPHATE, HOT
GALVANIZED.
b) BOX
i) THINNER SHANK THAN COMMON, FLAT HEAD. BRIGHT, PHOSPHATE,
HOT GALVANIZED.
c) FINISHING
i) THIN SHANK, SMALL ROUND HEAD W/ FLAT TOP. BRIGHT, HOT
GALVANIZED.
d) BRAD
i) THINNER SHANK THAN FINISHING NAILS, SMALL HEAD OR NONE, LESS
THAN 25mm TYP. BRIGHT
e) CASING
i) LARGER SHANK THAN FINISHING NAILS, TAPERED HEAD. HOT
GALVANIZED
f) PANEL
i) ANNULAR RINGED SHANK, SMALL FLAT HEAD. TYPICALLY PRE-FINISHED
TO MATCH MATERIAL BEING FASTENED
g) DRYWALL
i) MEDIUM SHANK, ANNULAR RINGED SHANK, LARGE FLAT HEAD.
ELECTRO-GALVANIZED.
h) RING SHANK
i) VARIOUS SIZES, FLAT HEAD. TYPICALLY USED TO FASTEN
UNDERLAYMENT MATERIALS TO EXISTING PLYWOOD SUBFLOORS.
BRIGHT FINISH.
i) CONCRETE
i) LARGE SHANK, GROOVED OR TWISTED, HARDENED. FINISH TEMPERED.

5) Give two examples of each type of staple and an application of each. (p. 5)
a) Light Duty
i) STANDARD DOCUMENT STAPLES-FASTENING ASSORTED DOCUMENTS
ii) HEAVY DUTY CONSTRUCTION STAPLES- FASTENING BUILDING WRAP.
b) Heavy Duty
i) NARROW CROWN STAPLES-ASSEMBLY OF PARTICLE BOARD SUB
ASSEMBLIES
ii) WIDE CROWN STAPLES- FASTENING THIN CABINET BACK MATERIAL.


6) What three pieces of information are typically used to identify staples?
a) WIDTH OF CROWN
b) WIRE GAUGE
c) LENGTH OF LEGS

7) What advantages do screws have over nails? (p. 5)
a) THEY HAVE GREATER HOLDING POWER OVER NAILS
b) THEY HAVE A NEATER APPEARANCE THAN NAILS AND CAN BE EASILY
REMOVED AND REPLACED




8) What feature typically identifies wood screws and what is its purpose?(p. 6)
a) A SMOOTH SECTION OF SHANK NEAR THE HEAD
i) IT ALLOWS THE MATERIALS BEING FASTENED TO DRAW TOGETHER
MORE EASILY. REDUCES BRIDGING

9) Identify the three pieces of information required to order screws. (p. 7)
a) GAUGE
b) LENGTH
c) HEAD TYPE

10) Name 8 common screw head profile shapes. (p. 7)
a) ROUND
b) FLAT
c) OVAL
d) PAN
e) WAFER
f) SELF CUTTING COUNTERSINK
g) HEX
h) BUGLE

11) Name 6 common screw head recess types. (p. 8)
a) SLOTTED
b) ROBERTSON
c) PHILLIPS
d) POSI-DRIVE
e) HEX
f) COMBINATION

12) Describe the key features of the following special purpose screws. (p. 9-10)
a) Wood
i) SMOOTH UPPER PORTION OF SHANK ALLOWS MATERIAL TO BE DRAWN
MORE TIGHTLY TOGETHER, TAPERED THREADED END.
b) Sheet metal
i) SHARP POINT, SELF DRILLING, THREADED HEAD TO POINT.
c) Self-Tapping and Self-Drilling
i) SELF-TAPPING POINT IS SHAPED TO ALLOW SCREW TO DRILL ITS OWN
HOLE, THREADS ARE HARD TO ALLOW THEM TO CUT THREADS IN
METAL
ii) SELF DRILLING POINT IS SHARP AND HARDENED TO ALLOW SCREW TO
PUNCH ITS OWN STARTER HOLE.
d) Drywall
i) BUGLE SHAPED HEAD, FINE THREAD FOR METAL STUDS, COARSE
THREAD FOR WOOD STUDS, HIGH-LOW THREAD PATTERN FOR LOW
DENSITY AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS.
e) Deck
i) ELECTRO-GALVANIZED ZINC COATING, DEEP COARSE THREADS, SELF
COUNTERSINKING HEAD, ALSO EFFECTIVE FOR PARTICLE BOARD CASE
CONSTRUCTION.
f) Lag Screw/Bolt
i) THICK SHANK, HEX OR SQUARE HEAD, BEST INSTALLED IN PILOT HOLE,
HIGH STRENGTH FOR HEAVY DUTY AND STRUCTURAL LOADS.


g) Self Sealing
i) TYPICALLY USED TO FASTEN METAL CLADDING TO BUILDING
EXTERIORS. MAY BE COLOURED TO MATCH CLADDING.
h) Hook and Eye
i) CAN HAVE EITHER MACHINE SCREW THREAD OR COARSE SCREW
THREAD. TYPICALLY USED TO SUSPEND HANGING MEMBERS. NOT
STRUCTURAL
i) Hanger Bolts
i) HALF LAG SCREW AND HALF BOLT. ALLOWS LAG SCREW TO BE
CONCEALED IN MATERIAL AND BOLT END TO BE EASILY ATTACHED AND
REMOVED.
j) Dowel Screws
i) OPPOSING LAG SCREW THREADS ALLOW FOR INVISIBLE ATTACHMENT
OF TWO WOOD MEMBERS. COMMON IN LONG TURNED PIECES THAT
MUST BE ASSEMBLED IN SECTIONS. UNTHREADED CENTER PORTION
ALLOWS FASTENER TO BE TURNED INTO MATERIAL WITH LOCKING
PLIERS. SOME MAY HAVE FLAT IN CENTER TO ALLOW INSTALLATION
WITH OPEN ENDED WRENCH.

13) List the 4 preparatory steps for fastening screws in the order that you would
perform them and their purpose. (p. 10,11)
a) COUNTERBORE
i) THIS PROVIDES A RECESS INTO WHICH YOU CAN SECURE A PLUG TO
CONCEAL THE FASTENER IF EXPOSED. USING A BRAD POINT BIT
ENSURES THAT THE FOLLOWING STEPS WILL BE ACCURATELY
CENTERED IN THE DIMPLE LEFT BY THE BRAD POINT.
b) COUNTERSINK
i) WHEN USING A FLAT HEAD SCREW THIS ALLOWS THE SLOPE OF THE
HOLE TO MATCH THE SLOPE OF THE SCREW HEAD. IF USING A
FLATHEAD SCREW THAT WILL LATER BE CONCEALED BY A PLUG,
COUNTERSINK THE BOTTOM OF THE COUNTERBORE.
c) PILOT HOLE
i) THIS HOLE WILL ALLOW BOTH MEMBERS TO STAY ALIGNED WHILE
FASTENING AND PREVENTS THE SECOND MEMBER FROM SPLITTING. IN
ORDER TO KEEP PARTS ACCURATELY ALIGNED, THIS STEP MUST BE
DONE PRIOR TO REAMING OUT THE CLEARANCE HOLE. THE PILOT HOLE
SHOULD TYPICALLY BE 90% OF THE ROOT DIAMETER FOR HARDWOOD
AND 70% OF THE ROOT DIAMETER FOR SOFTWOOD. THIS ALLOWS FOR
GOOD COMPRESSION OF THE WOOD FIBERS AGAINST THE SCREW
SHANK.
d) CLEARANCE HOLE
i) THIS HOLE SHOULD BE JUST LARGE ENOUGH FOR THE THREADS OF
THE SCREW TO TURN WITHOUT BINDING. IN THE CASE OF WOOD
SCREWS WITH A SMOOTH PORTION OF THE SHANK, THE PILOT HOLE
MAY BE ADEQUATE FOR THIS PURPOSE. IF USING SCREWS THAT ARE
THREADED FROM HEAD TO POINT OR FASTENING THICK MATERIAL, THIS
HOLE SHOULD BE EQUAL TO, OR SLIGHTLY LESS THAN, THE THREAD
DIAMETER OF YOUR FASTENER.





14) Identify the purpose of each of the following Specialty Fasteners as described in
your ILM. (p. 12-17)
a) Tamper Resistant Screws
i) INCREASED SECURITY/REDUCED VANDALISM, SPECIALTY DRIVERS NOT
READILY AVAILABLE
b) Decorative Caps
i) PROVIDES A NEAT AND FINISHED LOOK TO EXPOSED SCREW HEADS
c) Ready-To-Assemble (RTA) Fasteners
i) ALSO COMMONLY REFERRED TO AS KNOCK-DOWN-FASTENERS, THESE
FASTENERS ARE SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED TO FASTEN AND ALIGN
COMPONENTS OF MILLWORK THAT ARE TRANSPORTED IN A FLAT-
PACKED STATE. THEY ARE ENGINEERED TO ELIMINATE MOST OF THE
NEED FOR CLAMPS WHEN ASSEMBLING THESE PRE-FINISHED AND
MACHINED COMPONENTS.
d) Ready Rods
i) A BOLT-LIKE ROUND ROD WITH MACHINE THREADS ALONG THE FULL
LENGTH AND COME IN VARIOUS GAUGES. CAN BE CUT TO SIZE OR
JOINED USING COUPLERS FOR LONGER LENGTHS. USES STANDARD
NUTS AND WASHERS AS BOLTS OF THE SAME GAUGE AND THREAD
CONFIGURATION.
e) Draw Bolts
i) COME IN A VARIETY OF CONFIGURATIONS FOR THE PURPOSE OF
JOINING LARGE MEMBERS THAT MUST BE ASSEMBLED ON SITE OR
BROKEN DOWN FOR SHIPPING. OFTEN USED TO JOIN COUNTERTOP
SECTIONS.
f) Stove Bolts
i) LIGHT GAUGE BOLTS WITH HEAD RECESSES SIZED FOR COMMON
SCREW DRIVER BITS. USED IN COMBINATION WITH BOLTS AND
WASHERS WHEREVER EASE OF DISASSEMBLY IS REQUIRED.
g) Machine Screws
i) HEAD SHAPES SIMILAR TO STANDARD SCREW HEADS WITH RECESSES
SIZED FOR COMMON SCREW DRIVER BITS. MEDIUM GAUGE BOLTS,
GENERALLY FINE GAUGE THREAD PATTERNS THAT MATCH THOSE USED
ON MANY TOOLS. MAY ALSO BE USED IN EXTREMELY DENSE
HARDWOODS WHEN A HOLE IS DRILLED AND TAPPED TO MATCH
MACHINE THREADS.
h) European Assembly Screws
i) THICK DIAMETER, COARSE AGGRESSIVE THREAD, THICK DIAMETER
HEAD WITH SHALLOW SLIGHTLY FLARED END. EXACT PROPORTIONS
ARE MANUFACTURER SPECIFIC AND TYPICALLY REQUIRE AN
APPROPRIATELY SIZED STEP DRILL FOR USE IN BENCH WORK.
EXTREMELY EFFECTIVE WHERE PARTS ARE PRECISION MACHINED IN
AUTOMATED OPERATIONS. TYPICALLY USED WITH PARTICLE BOARD OR
COMPOSITES.
i) Connector Bolts
i) AN EXPOSED FASTENER FOR CONNECTING CASE COMPONENTS
TOGETHER. DESIGNED TO BE DEMOUNTABLE, ATTRACTIVE, AND VERY
STRONG. MAY COME IN TWO-PIECE OR THREE-PIECE UNITS.





j) Machine Bolts
i) SQUARE OR HEX HEAD, TIGHTENED WITH A WRENCH OR SOCKET.
VARIOUS GAUGES AND THREAD CONFIGURATIONS. TYPICALLY USED IN
ASSEMBLY OF VARIOUS MACHINE COMPONENTS. MUST MATCH THEIR
CORRESPONDING HOLE OR NUT SIZE PRECISELY OR THREADS WILL BE
DAMAGED.
k) Carriage Bolts
i) ROUND DOMED HEAD WITH SHORT SQUARE SECTION OF SHANK
BELOW. DESIGNED TO BE TIGHTENED FROM ONE SIDE WITH ONE
WRENCH.

15) What is an important consideration in cutting threaded rod or bolts to size? (p.
15)
a) ENSURE YOU THREAD TWO APPROPRIATELY SIZE NUTS ONTO THE SIDE OF
THE CUT YOU WISH TO KEEP. DEBURR THE CUT END AND REMOVE NUTS TO
CORRECT ANY DEFORMATION OF THE THREADS.

16) Identify 4 common types of nuts and their purpose. (p. 19)
a) STANDARD
i) SECURE BOLT, MACHINE SCREW OR READY ROD.
b) SELF LOCKING
i) USED WHERE A BOLT NEEDS TO BE SNUG BUT NOT NECESSARILY
TIGHT AND WHERE MOVEMENT IS INVOLVED.THIS NUT DOES NOT
EASILY VIBRATE LOOSE
c) ACORN
i) USED WHERE APPEARANCE IS IMPORTANT OR WHERE THE SHARP
ENDS OF A BOLT MAY BE A HAZARD.
d) WING
i) USED WHERE HAND ASSEMBLY OR DISASSEMBLY IS REQUIRED

17) Identify 5 common types of washers and their purpose. (p. 19)
a) LOCK WASHER
i) PROVIDES TENSION TO PREVENT NUT OR BOLT FROM WORKING LOOSE
b) FLAT WASHER
i) INCREASES BEARING SURFACE OF FASTENER
c) INSIDE STAR
i) PREVENTS BOLT, NUT OR WASHER FROM WORKING LOOSE BY
CREATING FRICTION BETWEEN NU OR BOLT AND MATING SURFACE
d) OUTSIDE STAR
i) PREVENTS BOLT, NUT OR WASHER FROM WORKING LOOSE BY
CREATING FRICTION BETWEEN NU OR BOLT AND MATING SURFACE
e) CUP WASHER
i) INCREASES BEARING SURFACE OF FLAT HEAD SCREWS AND PROVIDES
A DECORATIVE FINISHED LOOK.
18) Identify key features of the following anchors (hole required y/n, fastener used,
hollow or solid material etc.). (p. 20-24)
a) PLASTIC SCREW ANCHORS
i) SCREWS/LAG SCREWS W/ COARSE THREAD,HOLE REQUIRED,LIGHT
DUTY,HOLLOW OR SOLID WALLS, VARIOUS SIZES. POTENTIALLY RE-
USABLE.
b) MASONRY/LEAD ANCHORS
i) SOLID MASONRY, SCREWS/BOLTS, MEDIUM- DUTY, HOLE REQUIRED,
VARIOUS SIZES. NOT RE-USABLE.


c) EXPANSION SHIELD ANCHORS
i) SOLID MASONRY, HEAVY-DUTY, HOLE REQUIRED, LAG BOLT, COARSE
THREAD. NOT RE-USABLE.
d) DRIVE PIN ANCHORS
i) SOLID MASONRY, LIGHT DUTY, HOLE REQUIRED, INTEGRAL FASTENER,
HAMMER IN OR THREADED PIN. POTENTIALLY RE-USABLE.
e) WEDGE/SLEEVE ANCHORS
i) SOLID MASONRY, MEDIUM-HEAVY DUTY, HOLE REQUIRED, INTEGRAL
FASTENER, HAMMER IN THEN WRENCH TIGHTEN. NOT RE-USABLE.
f) DROP IN EXPANSION SHELL ANCHORS
i) SOLID MASONRY, HEAVY DUTY, DROP IN, SET USING ROD TO DRIVE
EXPANSION WEDGE, BOLTED TO, FASTENER REMOVABLE, NOT RE-
USABLE.
g) MASONRY SCREW ANCHORS
i) LIGHT DUTY, HOLE REQUIRED, SCREW IN, HEX DRIVE TYPICALLY,
HARDENED STEEL THREADS, PILOT HOLE DIAMETER CRITICAL.
POTENTIALLY RE-USABLE.
h) SCREW IN ANCHORS
i) HOLLOW WALLBOARD, SELF DRILLING, DRIVEN IN WITH SCREW DRIVER,
PLASTIC OR METAL, AGGRESSIVE THREAD, MEDIUM DUTY.
POTENTIALLY RE-USABLE.
i) TOGGLE BOLT
i) HOLLOW WALLBOARD, HOLLOW MASONRY, HOLLOW STEEL, SOLID
PANELLING, LARGE DIAMETER HOLE REQUIRED IN MOUNTING SURFACE,
MUST BE PARTIALLY ASSEMBLED THROUGH MATERIAL BEING
ANCHORED, HIGH PULL OUT STRENGTH, NOT RE-USABLE, INTEGRAL
FASTENER.
j) SCREW IN TOGGLE ANCHORS
i) HOLLOW WALLBOARD, SELF DRILLING, HIGH PULL OUT RESISTANCE,
SPECIAL BOLT FASTENER SUPPLIED, NOT RE-USABLE.
k) PLASTIC/NYLON TOGGLE ANCHORS
i) HOLLOW WALLBOARD, SOLID WALL, LIGHT DUTY, HOLE REQUIRED, NOT
RE-USABLE, SCREW FASTENER WITH COARSE THREAD.
l) HOLLOW WALL (MOLLY BOLT) ANCHORS
i) HOLLOW WALL(DRYWALL OR SOLID PANEL), COMES IN DRIVE IN OR
DROP IN (HOLE REQUIRED) STYLES, INTEGRAL MACHINE SCREW TYPE
FASTENER. BOLT MUST BE TIGHTENED TO SET ANCHOR, CAN THEN BE
REMOVED TO ANCHOR MATERIAL.