The following formulae may be helpful in answering the questions.

The symbols given are

the ones commonly used.
ALGEBRA
1
a
ac b b
x
2
4
2

=
2 a
m
a
n
= a
m+n
3 a
m
a
n
= a
mn
4 (a
m
)
n
= a
mn
5
n m mn
a a a
log log log + =
6
n m
n
m
a a a
log log log =
7 m n m
a
n
a
log log =
8
a
b
b
c
c
a
log
log
log =
9
d n a T
n
) 1 ( + =
10
[ ] d n a
n
S
n
) 1 ( 2
2
+ =
11
1
=
n
n
ar T
12
( ) ( )
) 1 ( ,
1
1
1
1

= r
r
r a
r
r a
S
n n
n
13
1 ,
1
<

r
r
a
S
CALCULUS
1
dx
du
v
dx
dv
u
dx
dy
uv y + = = ,
2
2
,
v
dx
dv
u
dx
du
v
dx
dy
v
u
y

= =
3
dx
du
du
dy
dx
dy
=
4 Area under a curve =
dx y
b
a

or
=
dy x
b
a

5 Volume of revoluton =
dx y
b
a
2

or
=
dy x
b
a
2

STATISTICS
1
N
x
x

=
2

=
f
fx
x
3
( ) 2
2 2
x
N
x
N
x x
=

4
( ) 2
2 2
x
f
fx
f
x x f
=

5
C
f
F N
L m
m

+ =
2
1
6
100
0
1
=

!
7

=
i
i i
"
! "
!
8
( ) # r n
# n
$
r
n

=
9
( ) # r # r n
# n
C
r
n

=
10 !(A") = !(A) # !(") !(A")
11 ! ($ = r) =
n
%r &
r
'
n r
, & # ' =1
12 (ean = n&
13
npq =
14


=
x
%
GEOMETRY
1 )*tance = ( ) ( )
2
2 1
2
2 1
y y x x +
2 (d&ont
( )

+ +
=
2
,
2
,
2 1 2 1
y y x x
y x
3 A &ont dvdng a *egment of a lne
( )

+
+
+
+
=
n m
my ny
n m
mx nx
y x
2 1 2 1
, ,
4 Area of trangle =
( ) ( )
3 1 2 3 1 2 1 3 3 2 2 1
2
1
y x y x y x y x y x y x + + + +
5
2 2
y x r + =
6
2 2
+
y x
y& xi
r
+
+
=
TRIGONOMETRY
1 Arc lengt,, r s =
2 Area of *ector,

2
2
1
r ' =
3 *n
2
A # co*
2
A = 1
4 *ec
2
A = 1 # tan
2
A
5 co*ec
2
A = 1 # cot
2
A
6 *n 2A = 2 *n A co* A
7 co* 2A = co*
2
A *n
2
A
= 2 co*
2
A 1
= 1 2 *n
2
A
8 *n (A - ") = *n A co* " - co* A *n "
9 co* (A - ") = co* A co* " *n A *n "
10 tan (A - ") =
( '
( '
tan tan 1
tan tan

11 tan 2A =
'
'
2
tan 1
tan 2

12
C
c
(
b
'
a
*n *n *n
= =
13 a
2
= .
2
# c
2
2.c co* A
14 Area of trangle
C ab*n
2
1
=