VECTORS &

TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTIONS

ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS
MODULE
PREPARED BY:
MRS. FAZLINA MUSTAFA
SMK TANJUNG GEMOK, ROMPIN
NAME:
VECTORS & TRIGOMOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FORM 5
TOPIC : VECTORS
Express Note:
1 Vector - A quantity which has
i !irection
ii "a#nitu!e $%ytha#oras Teore"&
10
' A!!ition o( )ectors
- Trian#*e +aw
- %ara**e*o#ra" +aw
- %o*y#on +aw
c Su'traction o( )ector
a - b , a - $ - b &
Vectors in the Cartesan .*ane
a I( i an! j are unit )ectors in the
!irections o( the /- an! y-a/es0
then PQ ,

y
/
, /i - yj
PQ ,
1 1
y / +
' Unit Vectors in #i)en !irection
I( r , /i - yj0 the unit )ector in
the !irection o( r is

r
,
r
r

+
=
+
+
=
y
/
y /
2
& 3 y i / $
y /
2
1 1
1 1
c O.erations with )ectors in ter"s
o( i an! j $A!!in#0 su'tractin#0
"u*ti.*y 'y sca*ars&
- a..*y o.erations to
co".onents se.arate*y or use
the conce.t o( "atrices
2 Vector Notation 4 A50
a
0 A0 a
! Ne#ati)e )ector 4 -
5A A5 =
" 6ero )ector 0 0 4 has 7ero "a#nitu!e
5 Equa* )ector - sa"e "a#nitu!e an!
!irection
# %ara**e* Vectors
CD dan AB are .ara**e* i( an! on*y i(
CD k AB = 0 8 is a constant
$ Non %ara**e* Vectors
I( the )ectors a an! b are not .ara**e*0
then ha , 8b can on*y 'e true i( h , 8 , 9
% Co**inear Vectors
A0 5 an! C are co**inear i( an! on*y i(
AC n 5C " A5 = =
& Vector O.erations
a Mu*ti.*yin# with sca*ars
- 8a is a )ector with "a#nitu!e
8 ti"es o( a
- I( 8:90 then 8a an! a ha)e the
sa"e !irection
- I( 8;90 then 8a an! a are in the
o..osite !irection
Page 2
VECTORS & TRIGOMOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FORM 5
1. Da!"a# 1 $%&'$ ("an!)* OAB. T%* $("a!%( )n* AP n(*"$*+($ (%* $("a!%( )n* OQ a(
R.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan segitiga OAB. Garis lurus AP menyilang garis lurus OQ di R.
G,*n (%a(
a OP AB AQ OB OP - ,
.
1
,
.
1
= = =
and
b OA - =
Diberi
a OP QB AQ OB OP - ,
.
1
,
.
1
= = =
dan
b OA - =
/a0 E12"*$$
Ungkapkan
/0 AP
/0 OQ
n (*"#$ 3 a and 4 &" b
dalam sebutan a dan / atau b
/50 /0 G,*n (%a(
AP h AR =
, $(a(*
AR
n (*"#$ &3 h , a and b .

Diberi
AP h AR =
nyatakan
AR
dalam sebutan h a dan b .

/0 G,*n (%a(
OQ k RQ =
, $(a(*
RQ
n (*"#$ &3 k , a and b .

Diberi
OQ k RQ =
nyatakan
RQ
dalam sebutan k a dan b .
/+0 G,*n (%a(
RQ AR AQ + =
, 3nd (%* ,a)6* &3 h and k .
D5*"
RQ AR AQ + =
, +a" n)a h dan k .
7/a0. -a8-b .
b a
.
9
- +
/50 . -ha : -hb .
b k a k
.
9
- +
/+0
;
2
,
;
.
= = k h
<
2. In da!"a# 2 , A and B a"* #d2&n($ &3 QR and PQ "*$2*+(,*)=. G,*n (%a(
b RQ a PR = = , and RB $ 2"&d6+*d (& ! $6+% (%a(
R! RB
-
.
=
Page .
Da!"a# 1
Rajah 1
A
Q
B
O
P
R
VECTORS & TRIGOMOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FORM 5
Dalam Rajah " A dan B adalah titik tengah QR dan PQ masing#masing.
Diberi
b RQ a PR = = ,
dan RB di perpanjangkan ke ! supaya
R! RB
-
.
=
/a0 E12"*$$
Ungkapkan
/0 PA
/0 AB
/0 Q !
n (*"#$ &3 a and b.
dalam sebutan a dan b.
/50 >*n+*, $%&' (%a( PA $ 2a"a))*) (& !Q
$unjukkan baha%a PAselari dengan !Q
7 a0 . a ? @ b . 8 @ a .
0 2 /
.
1
b a +
<
.. In da!"a# . , AP! and BPD a"* $("a!%( )n*$.
Dalam rajah & AP! dan BPD adalah garis lurus.
Page -
A
A
B
!
D
P
Q
Da!"a# 2
Rajah "
A
A
P
R
Q
A
B
!
VECTORS & TRIGOMOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FORM 5
G,*n (%a(
y AD ' AB = = , 2

and
AD B! . =

Diberi
y AD ' AB = = , 2

dan
AD B! . =

/a0 E12"*$$ n (*"#$ &3 ' and y .
Ungkapkan dalam sebutan ' dan y
/0 A!
/0 BD
/50 G,*n (%a( A! m AP = and BD n BP =
Diberi A! m AP = dan BD n BP =
E12"*$$ AP
Ungkapkan AP
/0 n (*"#$ &3 m , ' and y
dalam sebutan m ' dan y
/0 n (*"#$ &3 n , ' and y
dalam sebutan n ' and y

>*n+*, 3nd (%* ,a)6* &3 m and n
(eterusnya )ari nilai m dan n
/+0 I3
y ' AQ =
.
-

, $%&' (%a( A! and QB a"* 2a"a))*).
*ika
y ' AQ =
.
-

tunjukkan baha%a A! and QB ada selari.
7 /a0 . 2' ? .y . 82' ? y /50 . 2m' ? .my . 2' : 2n' ? ny B
-
.
,
-
1
= = n m
/+0
parallel QB A! = , .
<
-. Da!"a# - $%&'$ a ("an!)* OPQ. T%* $("a!%( )n* PB n(*"$*+($ '(% $("a!%( )n* CA
a( !. G,*n (%a(
' OP OQ OB OP OA 1- ,
D
.
,
D
.
= = =
and
y OQ 1- =
.
Rajah + menunjukkan segitiga OPQ. Garis lurus PB menyilang garis lurus OA di !.
Diberi
' OP OQ OB OP OA 1- ,
D
.
,
D
.
= = =

dan
y OQ 1- =
Page ;
Da!"a# .
Q
O
B
!
A
P
Da!"a# -
Rajah +
VECTORS & TRIGOMOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FORM 5
/a0 E12"*$$ n (*"#$ &3 ' and y
Ungkapkan dalam sebutan ' dan y
/0
PQ
/0
AB
/0
PQ
/50 /0 G,*n
AQ h A! =
*12"*$$
A!
n (*"#$ &3 h , ' and y.
Diberi
AQ h A! =
ungkapkan
A!
dalam sebutan h ' dan y.
/0 G,*n
PB k !B =
*12"*$$
!B
n (*"#$ &3 k , ' and y.
Diberi
PB k !B =
ungkapkan
!B
dalam sebutan k ' dan y.
/+0 U$n!
A!
and
!B
3"&# /50 , 3nd (%* ,a)6* &3 h and k
Dengan menggunakan
A!
dan
!B

dari ,b- )ari nilai h dan nilai k.
7 a0 . 81-'?19y . 8E' ? 9y . 8E' ? 19y 50 . 8Eh' ? 19hy . 81-k' ? 9ky
+0
1D
;
,
;1
1E
= = k h
<
;. Da!"a# ; $%&'$ a ("an!)* OAB
Rajah . menunjukkan segitiga OAB.
Da!"a# ;
Page E
A
Q
B O
P
R
VECTORS & TRIGOMOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FORM 5
Q $ a 2&n( &n AB '%*"* AQ : QBF 1: 2 and P $ (%* #d2&n( &3 OB. T%* )n* OQ
n(*"$*+($ '(% AP a( 2&n( R.
G,*n (%a( ' OA . = and
y OB E =
Q adalah satu titik pada AB supaya AQ : QB F 1: 2 dan P ialah titik tengah OB. Garis
lurus OQ menyilang dengan garis lurus AP pada titik R.
Diberi
' OA . =

dan
y OB E =
/a0 E12"*$$ n (*"#$ &3 ' and 4 &" y
Ungkapkan dalam sebutan ' dan / atau y
/0
OP
/0
OQ
/50 /0 G,*n
AP h AR =
, $(a(*
OR
n (*"#$ &3 h , ' and y
Diberi
AP h AR =
nyatakan
OR
dalam sebutan h ' dan y
/0 G,*n
OQ k OR =
, $(a(*
OR
n (*"#$ &3 k , ' and y
Diberi
OQ h OR =
nyatakan
OR
dalam sebutan k ' dan y
/+0 U$n!
OR
3"&# /50 , 3nd (%* ,a)6* &3 h and k.
Dengan menggunakan
OR
dari ,b- )ari nilai h dan nilai k.
7 a0 . .y . 2' ? 2y 50 . . / 18h0 ' ? .hy . 2k' ? 2ky +0 h F @ k F G <
E.
In da!"a# E, !,*n
b A! b OB a OA - , 1H , 9 = = =
and
.
-
1
OA O/ =
Dalam rajah 0 diberi
b A! b OB a OA - , 1H , 9 = = =

dan
.
-
1
OA O/ =

/a0 E12"*$$ *a+% &3 (%* 3&))&'n! ,*+(&"$ n (*"#$ &3 a and 5,
Page D
O
B
A
!
/
9a
D
-b
1Hb
Da!"a# E
Rajah 0
VECTORS & TRIGOMOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FORM 5
Un!ka2kan 5a! $*(a2 =an! 5*"k6( da)a# $*56(an a dan b
/0
O!
/0
BA
/0
/!
/50 G,*n (%a(
O! m OD =
and
BA n BD =
*12"*$$
OD
n (*"#$ &3
D5*"
O! m OD =
dan
BA n BD =
, 6n!ka2kan
OD
da)a# $*56(an
/0 m , a , and b
/0 n , a and b
/+0 >*n+*, 3nd (%* ,a)6*$ &3 m and n.
S*(*"6$n=a, +a" n)a m dan n.
7 /a0 . 9a ? -b . 81Ha ? -b . Ea ? -b /50 . m / 9a ? -b0 . 1H/18n0b ? 9na /+0
D
;
,
D
;
= = n m
<
E'TRA
2
Gi)en that
OA
uuur
, i - <j 0
OB
uuur
, 1i = j 0
OC
uuur
, -i = >j an!
OD
uuur
, <i - 1j0
$a& Fin! in ter"s o( i an! j
$i&
AC
uuur
$ii&
DB
uuur
$'& ca*cu*ate the unit )ector in the !irection o( A?
1
Gi)en three )ectors0
OA
uuur
, ( - ) 0
OB
uuur
, 1( - m) an!
OC
uuur
, n( = @)0
$a& e/.ress
$i&
AB
uuur
in ter"s o( m, ( an! )
$ii&
BC
uuur
in ter"s o( n0 ( an! )
$'& (in! the )a*ues o( m an! n i( A0 5 an! C are co**inear an! @m - 1n , 9
Page 9
VECTORS & TRIGOMOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FORM 5
<
?IAGRAM A
In the !ia#ra" A0
OP
uuur
, x 0 OQ
uuur
, * 0
1
<
OM OP = an!
2
<
PN PQ =
+a, Fin! in ter"s o( x an!Bor *
$i& MQ
uuuur
$ii&
ON
uuur
$iii&
MN
uuuur
+b, The strai#ht *ine ON intersects the strai#ht *ine MC at + such that ML kMQ =
uuur uuuur

an!
OL hON =
uuur uuur
Usin#
OM OL LM = +
uuuur uuur uuur
0 (in! the )a*ues o( h an! k
> ?ia#ra" shows a .enta#on ABEDC Gi)en ' AB - = 0 y A! E = an! ' !D 9 =
$a& E/.ress in ter"s o( x an!Bor y
$i& !B
$ii&
DA
$'& I( B! n B/ = an! AD m A/ = 0 e/.ress
A/
$i& in ter"s o( n0 x an! y
$ii& in ter"s o( m0 x an! y 0 hence0 (in! the )a*ue o( m an! o( n
Page I
%
+
M
N
C
O
VECTORS & TRIGOMOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FORM 5
?IAGRAM D
@
?IAGRAM E
The !ia#ra" shows a .ara**e*o#ra" OA5C (or which
> OA = a
uuur
an!
A OC = b
uuur
M is the
"i!.oint o( A5 an! MC "eets O5 at .oint F
$a& Gi)en that MX pMC =
uuuur uuuur
an! OX qOB =
uuur uuur
e/.ress
OX
uuur
in ter"s o(
$i& p 0 a an! b
$ii& q 0 a an! b
$'& Gence0 (in! the )a*ues o( p an! q an! state the ratio o( FC 4 MF
Page 1H
A 5
O C
M
F
VECTORS & TRIGOMOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FORM 5
ANS-ERS

PAPER 2
2
$a& $i&

D
2
$ii&

.
1
$'&

1
2
;
1
1
( ) ( )
( ) v u 1
1
1
+ =

=
+ =
m
m
OB AO AB i a
( ) ( ) v u ; 2
;
2
0 /
+ =

=
+ =
m n
m
n
O! BO B! ii
( )
( )
( )
2 ,
;
D
; ,
2
D
H 2; . 2
2; 2
2
1
; 2
2
1
, 1 2
;
;
2
2
1
;
2
1
;
2
1
1
;
2
2
= =
= =
= +

= =

=
m m
n n
n n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
m
n
m
n m b

<
( ) ( ) y x + =
.
2
1Q i a
( ) y x
.
1
.
2
+ = O2 ii
( ) y
.
1
= 12 iii
Page 11
VECTORS & TRIGOMOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FORM 5
( )
-
1
-
.
1 -
0 2 / 0 1 /
0 2 / H . 0 1 / 1
H
.
1
.
2
.
2
.
2
.
2
.
1
.
2
.
2
.
1
.
2
.
2
=
= =

= = +
= + =
+ + =
+ =
+ =
k
h k
k h k h
k h k h
k k h h
h h O3
k k 13 b
y x y x x
y x
y x
>
$a& $i&
J
J
E - y ' !B =
$ii&
J
J
E 9 y ' DA =
$'& $i&
J
J
E 9 y m ' m A/ + =
$ii&
( )
J
J
E - - y n ' m A/ + =
.
1
,
.
1
= = n m
@
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
.
1
.
2
2 . 2 1
2 1 2 1 1
E . . - - -
. . - -
- .
= =
=
= = +
= + =
+ + =
+ + =
=
p 4
4
4 p 4 p
4 p 4 p b
p p
15 A1 OA O5 i
p 15 a
b a
a b
Gence0
Page 12
VECTORS & TRIGOMOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FORM 5
2 : 1 :
2
.
.
1
=
=
+ =
=
5! 15
5! 15
5! 15 15
1! 15
TOPIC : TRI.ONOMETRIC F/NCTIONS
Express Note :
2 %ositi)e an#*e - rotatin# ray is turne! anti-c*oc8wise a'out the ori#in (ro" the
(i/e! .ositi)e /-a/is
Ne#ati)e an#*e - rotatin# ray is turne! c*oc8wise a'out the ori#in (ro" the
(i/e! .ositi)e /-a/is
1 2 re)o*ution , <A9
o
, 1 ra!ian
< E)ery an#*e has a corres.on!in# re(erence an#*e
y
rotatin# ray

/
> Si#ns o( three tri#ono"etric ratios
Page 1.
VECTORS & TRIGOMOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FORM 5

Sine -)e A** -)e
C1 C2
C< C>
Cosine -)e Tan#ent -)e
@ ?e(inition o( si/ tri#ono"etric (unctions
sine $sin& ,
hy.otenuse
o..osite
HSOGH
cosine $cos& ,
hy.otenuse
a!3acent
HCAGH
tan#ent $tan& ,
a!3acent
o..osite
HTOAH
,
cos
sin
secant $sec& ,
cos
2
cosecant $cosec& ,
sin
2
cotan#ent $cot& ,
tan
2
or
sin
cos
A Re(*e/ an#*e $an#*e : 2E9
o
&
D Co".*e"entary an#*e
. an! q are co".*e"entary i( . - q , I9
o
sin , cos $I9 - &
cos , sin $I9 - &
tan , cot $I9 - &
cot , tan $I9 - &
sec , cosec $I9 - &
cosec , sec $I9 - &
E S.ecia* an#*es $without ca*cu*ator&
J9
o
0 I9
o
0 2E9
o
0 <A9
o
K
sine 2
9 9
-2
Page 1-
VECTORS & TRIGOMOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FORM 5
cosine 9
-2 2
9
tan#ent 2
9 9
2 -
I 5asic I!entities 4 sin
1
A - cos
1
A , 2

sec
1
A , 2 - tan
1
A
cosec
1
A , 2 - cot
1
A

29 A!!ition For"u*ae an! ?ou'*e An#*e For"u*ae
A!!ition For"u*ae 4 sin $A 5& , sin A cos 5 cos A sin5
cos $A 5& , cos A cos 5 sin A sin5
tan $A 5& ,
B A (an (an 1
B (an A (an

?ou'*e An#*e For"u*ae4 sin 1A , 1 sin A cos A
cos 1A , cos
1
A - sin
1
A
1 cos
1
A = 2
2 = 1 sin
1
A
tan 1 A ,
A (an 8 1
A (an 2
2
22 Tri#ono"etric Gra.hs
/a0
$n y ' =
/50
+&$ y ' =
Page 1;
VECTORS & TRIGOMOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FORM 5
/+0
(an y ' =
1. /a0 Sk*(+% (%* !"a2% &3
.
+&$ 2
2
y ' = 3&"
.
H
2
'
3akar gra6
.
+&$ 2
2
y ' = 6n(6k
.
H
2
' .
/50 >*n+*, 6$n! (%* $a#* a1*$, $k*(+% a $6(a5)* $("a!%( )n* (& 3nd (%* n6#5*" &3
$&)6(&n$ (& (%* *K6a(&n
- .
+&$ 2
. 2
' '

= 3&"
.
H
2
' . S(a(* (%* n6#5*" &3
$&)6(&n$.
(eterusnya dengan menggunakan paksi yang sama lakar satu garis lurus yang sesuai
untuk men)ari bilangan penyelesaian bagi persamaan
- .
+&$ 2
. 2
' '

= untuk
.
H
2
' . 2yatakan bilangan penyelesaian.
2. /a0 Sk*(+% (%* !"a2%
$n 2 y ' =
3&" H ' .
3akar gra6
$n 2 y ' =
6n(6k H ' .
/50 >*n+*, 5= 6$n! (%* $a#* a1*$, $k*(+% $6(a5)* $("a!%( )n* (& 3nd (%* n6#5*" &3
$&)6(&n$ (& (%* *K6a(&n
E
-$n 2 .
'
'

+ = 3&" H ' . S(a(* (%* n6#5*" &3

$&)6(&n$.
Page 1E
VECTORS & TRIGOMOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FORM 5
(eterusnya dengan menggunakan paksi yang sama lakar satu garis lurus yang sesuai
untuk men)ari bilangan penyelesaian bagi persamaan
E
-$n 2 .
'
'

+ = untuk
H ' . 2yatakan bilangan penyelesaian.
.. /a0 Sk*(+% (%* !"a2%
2$n y ' =
3&" H 2 ' .
3akarkan gra6
2$n y ' =
5a! H 2 ' .
/50 On (%* $a#* a1*$, $k*(+% a $6(a5)* $("a!%( )n* $& (%a( (%* *K6a(&n
2$n H k ' + =
%a$ &n)= ('& $&)6(&n$. S(a(* (%* *K6a(&n &3 (%* $("a!%( )n*.
Pada paksi yang sama lakarkan satu garis lurus yang sesuai supaya persamaan
2$n H k ' + =
mempunyai hanya dua penyelesaian. 2yatakan persamaan garis lurus
tersebut.
/+0 Fnd (%* "an!* &3 ,a)6*$ 3&" k, 3
2$n H k ' + =
%a$ 3&6" $&)6(&n$ 3&" H 2 ' .
!arikan julat bagi k jika
2$n H k ' + =
#*#26n=a *#2a( 2*"$a#aan 5a!
H 2 ' .
-. /a0 Sk*(+% (%* !"a2% &3 (%* ("!&n&#*("+ 36n+(&n
.+&$ 1 y ' = +
3&" (%* d&#an
H 2 ' .
3akar gra6 bagi 6ungsi trig7n7metri
.+&$ 1 y ' = +
untuk d7main H 2 ' .
/50 On (%* $a#* a1*$, $k*(+% (%* !"a2% &3 a $6(a5)* $("a!%( )n* (%a( +an 5* 6$*d (& $&),*
(%* *K6a(&n . +&$ . ' ' = + . S(a(* (%* n6#5*" &3 $&)6(&n (& (%* *K6a(&n
. +&$ . ' ' = + 3&" H 2 ' .
Pada paksi yang sama lakar gra6 bagi satu garis lurus yang sesuai digunakan untuk
menyelesaikan persamaan . +&$ . ' ' = + . N=a(akan 5)an!an 2*"$a#aan
. +&$ . ' ' = + 6n(6k H 2 ' .
E'TRA
2 $a& %ro)e that cosec
1
/ - 1sin
1
/ - cot
1
/ , cos 1/
$'& $i& S8etch the #ra.h o( y , cos 1/ (or 9 / 1
$ii& Gence usin# the sa"e a/es0 !raw a suita'*e strai#ht *ine to (in! the
nu"'er o( so*utions to the equation
1$cosec
1
/ - 1sin
1
/ - cot
1
/ & ,

/
(or 9 / 1
State the nu"'er o( so*utions

Page 1D
VECTORS & TRIGOMOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FORM 5
1
$a& %ro)e that
sin
sec cot
2 cos
x
x x
x
= +

$'& $i& S8etch the #ra.h o( y , cos 1/ (or 9
o
/ <A9
o
$ii& Gence 'y !rawin# a suita'*e strai#ht *ine on the sa"e a/es0 (in! the
nu"'er o( so*utions satis(yin# the equation 1 sin
1
/ , 1 -
2E9
x
(or
9
o
/ <A9
o
< $a& %ro)e that tan $2E9
o
- /& , - tan /
$'& $i& S8etch the #ra.h o( y , sin / - 2 (or 9 L x L 1
$ii& Gence0 !raw a suita'*e strai#ht *ine on the sa"e a/es to (in! the
nu"'er
o( so*utions o( the equation sin / ,
/
M
-2
>
$a& %ro)e that
1
1tan
1 sec
x
x
, tan 1/
$'& $i& S8etch the #ra.h o( y , tan / (or 9 / 1
$ii& Gence0 usin# the sa"e a/es0 s8etch a suita'*e strai#ht *ine to (in! the
nu"'er o( so*utions (or the equation
tan / - / - 1 , 9 (or 9 /
State the nu"'er o( so*utions

@ $a& %ro)e that cosec 1A - cot 1A , cot A
$'& $i& S8etch the #ra.h o( y , < sin 1x (or 9 L x L 1
$ii& Gence0 !raw a suita'*e strai#ht *ine on the sa"e a/es to (in! the
nu"'er
o( so*utions o( the equation < sin 1x =
<x

, 9
ANS-ERS
PAPER 2
2
Page 19
VECTORS & TRIGOMOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FORM 5
No o( so*utions , >
1
No o( so*utions , >
<
No o( so*utions , 2
Page 1I
VECTORS & TRIGOMOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FORM 5
>
No o( so*utions , <
@
No o( so*utions , 1
Page 2H