Problem 1: A social researcher believes the color red causes mens attraction to women to increase as

well as womens attraction to men. The color does not appear to have an effect on same sex attractions.
A study was conducted in which photographs of male and female subjects in red and white were shown
to participants. They were asked to rate attractiveness of each photograph. Use the above information
from the study to evaluate the main effects and the interaction at a level of significance of 0.05.
Describe the effects of color on the judgments of males and females.
Female Male
White 5 3
6 5
5 4
3 3
4 6
5 6
3 4
5 6
6 6
3 4
Red 7 7
7 8
5 4
5 6
9 9
10 6
8 9
10 10
4 5
6 6

Null and Alternate Hypothesis:
H0 (1): There is no significant difference in the attractiveness score due to gender
H1 (1): There is significant difference in the attractiveness score due to gender
H0 (2): There is no significant difference in the attractiveness score due to color
H1 (2): There is a significant difference in the attractiveness score due to color
H0 (3): The factors Gender and color do not interact.
H1 (3): The factors Gender and color interact.

Level of significance: alpha = 0.05



Test statistic and Calculation:


Descriptive Statistics
Dependent Variable: Attractiveness Score
Color Gender Mean Std. Deviation N
White Male 4.7000 1.25167 10
Female 4.5000 1.17851 10
Total 4.6000 1.18766 20
Red Male 7.0000 1.94365 10
Female 7.1000 2.13177 10
Total 7.0500 1.98614 20
Total Male 5.8500 1.98083 20
Female 5.8000 2.14231 20
Total 5.8250 2.03668 40
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Dependent Variable: Attractiveness Score
Source
Type III Sum
of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Corrected Model 60.275
a
3 20.092 7.126 .001
Intercept 1357.225 1 1357.225 481.380 .000
Color 60.025 1 60.025 21.290 .000
Gender .025 1 .025 .009 .926
Color * Gender .225 1 .225 .080 .779
Error 101.500 36 2.819

Total 1519.000 40

Corrected Total 161.775 39

a. R Squared = .373 (Adjusted R Squared = .320)




Statistical Conclusion:
1. Reject Null hypothesis 1.
2. Accept Null Hypothesis 2
3. Accept Null hypothesis 3.






Experimental conclusion

Main Effect: (Color)
There is significant effect of color on the attractiveness score. The mean score with red color is
significantly higher as compared to White color. (P < 0.01)
Main Effect: (Gender)
There is no significant difference in the attractiveness score due to gender. (p =0.926)
Interaction Effect: (Color8Gender):
There is no significant interaction effect of gender and color. (P > 0.05)



















Problem2:
A researcher wishes to conduct a study on the self-esteem levels of adolescents. She believes that male
adolescents have higher self-esteem than female adolescents. Self-esteem tests were administered to 50
randomly selected male and 50 female adolescents. (The maximum score possible was a 10.)
Males
1 3 6 5 1 10 8 10 1 9 8
10 5 10 10 2 6 7 7 2 7 8
5 7 6 7 2 3 8 4 10 9 10
2 2 6 2 9 8 9 1 4 4 5
10 6 7 2 10 9 6 9 9 4 2

Females
1 2 2 1 6 4 1 7 6 3 4
3 2 4 5 9 5 2 7 6 5 7
9 4 9 1 4 3 7 8 4 2 6
5 2 4 2 6 4 3 6 9 1 9
3 5 4 9 8 2 8 8 9 7 5

Do the results indicate that self-esteem is significantly higher on average for males at significance level of
0.01?


Hypothesis:
Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference in the self esteem scores of males and females.
Alternate Hypothesis: There is a significant difference in the self esteem scores of males and females.

Level of Significance = 0.01

Test Statistic is= t











Calculations:

Solution:
Group Statistics

Gender N Mean Std. Deviation
Std. Error
Mean
Score Male 55 6.0545 3.03936 .40983
Female 55 4.8727 2.56078 .34530

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test for
Equality of
Variances t-test for Equality of Means


95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference

F Sig. t df
Sig. (2-
tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference Lower Upper
Score Equal
variances
assumed
2.522 .115 2.205 108 .030 1.18182 .53590 .11957 2.24406
Equal
variances not
assumed

2.205 104.978 .030 1.18182 .53590 .11923 2.24441

The levenes test indicates that the variances of two samples are equal.
Further t-test is conducted to test the significance of difference between the mean score of males and
females.

Statistical Conclusion: Do not reject null hypothesis.
Experimental Conclusion:
The mean score of males was (M = 6.0545, SD=3.0394) and for females it was (4.873, SD=2.561). At 1%
level of significance, the result indicates that, there is no significant difference in the mean score of males
and females. (t=2.205, DF =108, p > 0.05)