"manishkumarphysics.

in"
1
CHEMISTRY
in riiii1
saiai
ti tni -ii ~i +: -t +i --( t l-t tn <i =+- t ( nt== + =+- t. ''(=i +i: ii i nt
i-i ti -ii <ni- i-i ti <ii +tni-i t''
i-i- ii-i -ii -i-i <izil-+ lzi= +- i l+ tni -ii ~i +i --(. i- n -i + =in = -i
t i. ~l-. n. i -ii ~i+izi
ii-i <izil-+ +ii< (600 BC) - -ii l+ <ii t- zi. ~lii +ii = --i t i nii +tni- t
i-i- -i-i <izil-+ t lzi= +- i l+ <ii zi ll-n ni+ = =nla- ti-i t i +ai -ii ~lii
ti- t
-i-i <izil-+ nil+= - :- ll-n ni+ +i nii +ti l=+i ~i ~lii t-i t :- =ii nini +i
<ii + =i n ~-i (+ -li ii. +ii ii iiln+ i-ii -ti + =+ ~i -i ti +ii ail-+
= = +i =nni =+ t i- i-- i l=- <ii +i =--i (+ l=zi-- -iil- l+i i< n l= i--
+i nil+ l=zi-- +ti ni
iaa +i sif+ fu&i-a
<ii t- zi ~lii +ii = -i ti-i t. l= nii +t- t
- + =ii nii =ii =-<i n =ni- ti- t ~ii- <ni-. ~i+l-i. ~i+i :il<
(+ i=il-+ +n ,ii l+=i nii +i --- ~ii -= - -ti l+i i =+-i t
+l- n lli-- - + nii li-- ti- t
s<ii +i nt+i
iifa+ nii + irii s iui4fa+ nii + irii s
aiu < nu zi& s<ii
fi
a- 4ifn+
n sfiiiiy
isf+i+ sif+ <-4ia (RAM)
i-- nil+ l=zi-- = == n i = +--i i ~i-i t t ~i l-i+ nil+ < ni- ~ii ~i l-i+ nil+
ii t := (+ l-lz-- ni-+ + = <i n (+ nii + < ni- +i +- +- + ln( +in n lni i-i t i--
- ti: i - (H= 1) +i ni-+ + n lni i< n ni-+ + n ti: i - + -ii- ~i+=i- (O= 16) +i
lni ni :=ln( ~il-i+ nil+ <ni- l--- +i l<i i-i t
ti:i- ni-
~il-i+ nil+ <ni- (R.A.M) =
ni- < +i nii i- ti:
ni- < +i nii + ( + -
"manishkumarphysics.in"
2
CHEMISTRY
~i+=i- ni-
~i l-i+ nil+ < ni- (R.A.M) =
<ni- +i nii ~i+=i- + (
+-
+
ni- < +i nii + ( + -

-ni- ni-+ :+i: l=+i 1961 n ~--ii+i l+i ni. (+ +i-nii + <ni- ~iiil- t
+i- ni-
~il-i+ nil+ < ni- (R.A.M) =
<ni- +i nii + (
+.
+
ni- < +i nii + ( + -
12 C
sif+ <-4ia r+ir {ii amu) :
nil+ <ni- :+i: (amu), +i- 12 =n-iil-+ + nii + <ni- +i
th
12
1
|
.
|

\
|
+ i ti-i t
1 amu =
12
1
(+ C-12 nii +i <ni-
~ C-12 nii n (+ - l+n~i- +i < ni-
= 1.66 10
24
gm ~ii 1.66 10
27
kg
y+ amu +i (+ i -- (Da) ii +ti i-i t ~i amu +i 'u' = l--iil- l+i i - +i t . l= (+i+ - < ni-
+t- t ~i l-i+ nil+ <ni- l--- +i = l<i i-i t
~il-i+ nil+ <ni- =
ni- < +i nii + (
ni- < +i nii + ( + -
12 C
12
1

isf+i+ sif+ <-4ia (R.A.M). =
amu 1
eku zO; ijek.oh; n
sif+ if+ <-4ia
t <ii + (+ nii +i < ni- t l= amu = +- +- t
sif+ <-4ia = R.A.M 1 amu
sif+ <-4ia = isf+i+ sif+ <-4ia 1 amu
-ii if+ <-4ia = isf+i+ if+ <-4ia 1 amu
aia : isf+i+ sif+ <-4ia sii asfia -4fnia +t u4i riat r+
Example-1 ~i+=i- nii +i ~il-i+ nil+ <ni- ~i :=+i nil+ <ni- ai- +i
Solution ~i+=i- nii n -l+n~i- +i =i 16 t
O nii +i ~il-i+ nil+ <ni- = 16.
nil+ <ni-= R.A.M 1 amu = 16 1 amu = 16 amu
i n
in iui4fa+ iii-+ SI r+ir r aii ru faa s+i sfiifia f+4i iai r
y+ i n s<ii +t r iii r fu aaa rt fszit (sii , i ii -4 +i) asfia ri a r faa +t +i a
-12 uiifa+ + 0.012 kg (ii 12 mg) sii asfia ria r+ <-4ia saita u r iaa r f+
12 gm 6.023 10
23
sii ria r+
"manishkumarphysics.in"
3
CHEMISTRY
1 nin n -l-i- nii . ~i -ii ~- +i +i = i :--i nt i t l+ := (+ i+ -in ~iini< i = i -ii
-i+ N
A
l<i ni t
~ii - i = 1 ni n. 6.02 10
23
-- zi -- +i = na- t ti -- zi -- ( nii . ~i-. ~i ~ii -. + =i .
:il< = ii <lzi - +i i =+-i t . n l+- t = i (N
A
) t - i t :=ln( := zi i -- ~i + ln( ti +in
n lni i-i t
1 nin x C
12
=n-iil-+ 1 nii +i <ni- = 12g
)
`

:= +i N
A
+i ni- i-- l+i i =+-i t
1 nin x 12 x 1 -l+n~i- +i <ni- = 12 g
1 nin =
24
10 x 66 . 1
1

= 6.023 x 10
23
y+ in f+aai i riai r ?
aia : irifa+ =s in +i nisii aii nii + =s -4a +a r+
ni sif+ <-4ia :
n in n - + nil+ <ni- +i - +i nin nil+ <ni- +t- t
ii
:= 6.02 10
23
nii +i <ni- = ii liili- l+i i-i t
ii
:= (+ nin nii + <ni- = ii liili- l+i i-i t
iuta sii + fny a<iri :
O nii +i nil+ <ni- = (+ O nii +i <ni- = 16 amu
nin nil+ <ni- = 6.02 10
23
O nii +i <ni-
= 16 amu 6.02 10
23
= 16 1.66 10
24
g 6.02 10
23
= 16 g
( 1.66 10
24
6.02 10
23
~ 1 )
Example-2 16 nin ~i+=i- n ~i+=i- + l+-- nii t
Solution
24
10 x 66 . 1 x

= 16 g
x = 24
10 x 66 . 1
1
= N
A
ni if+ <-4ia (GRAM MOLECULAR MASS) :
n in n <ii + ~il+ <ni- +i <ii +i n in~il+ < ni- +t- t
ii
:= 6.02 10
23
~i +i < ni- + n liili- l+i i-i t
ii
:= (+ ni n ~i + < ni- + n liili- l+i i-i t
"manishkumarphysics.in"
4
CHEMISTRY
O
2
i + fny a<iri :
O
2
~i +i ~il+ < ni- = (+ O
2
~i +i <ni-
= 2 (+ O nii +i <ni-
= 2 16 amu
= 32 amu
nin ~il+ < ni- = 6.02 10
23
O
2
~i +i <ni-
= 32 amu 6.02 10
23
= 32 1.66 10
24
gm 6.02 10
23
= 32 gm
Example-3 H
2
SO
4
+i ~il+ < ni- 98 amu t H
2
SO
4
+ 294 n in n -l-i- + - + ni ni +i = i ai- +i
Solution H
2
SO
4
+i nin ~il+ < ni- = 98 gm
H
2
SO
4
+ nin =
98
294
= 3 nin
H
2
SO
4
H S O
(+ ~i 2 nii 1 nii 4 nii
1 N
A
2 N
A
nii 1 N
A
nii 4 N
A
nii
1 nin 2 nin 1 nin 4 nin
3 nin 6 nin 3 nin 12 nin
n4ui+ +i i4aau4ia +i fa4 (GAY-LUSSACSLAWOF COMBININGVOLUME) :
:=+ ~- =i :=+ -. nii + =iiii ~- i- n = i l- ti - t n = --+ ~i-- + =iiii ~-i- n = i l-
ti -i t . (t =ii ni- =ni- -ini- -ii <i ti-i -ilt()
H
2
(g) + Cl
2
(g)

2HCl
1vol 1 vol 2 vol
iini<i +t sf+sai (AVOGADROSHYPOTHESIS) :
uia ais aii <i +t sffifa s uit nui + uia i4aa , ii {sii art) +t u4i uia riat r+
S.T.P. (ni-+ -i -ii <i)
S.T.P. ll-il- :
-i = 0C ~ii 273 K
<i = 1 atm = Hg + 760 mm
-ii STP n = + (+ nin +i ~i-- viiln+ = 22.4 ni + i ti -i t l= nin ~i-- +t- t
aia ~i-- +i ni- n = + ~i~i +i = i +i ln-- + - - ti-i t
Example-4 20 g ~i+=i- n= +i STP ni n ~i-- ai- +i
Solution ti:i- n= + nini +i =i =
ni- < ~il+
ni- <
=
gm 2
gm 20
= 10 mol
STP ti:i- n= +i ~i-- = 10 22.4 lt.
"manishkumarphysics.in"
5
CHEMISTRY
Y-ii
iui4fa+ u4ia + fa4
<ii + =na- -ii i=il-+ ~lil+i +i i- n i+ ,VkWuh ysoksf'k;s] tkWu MkWYVu -ii ~- ail-+i -
+z l-lz-- l-n =ziil- l+( t l-n i=il-+ =i- +i l-n +tni- t
1. <-4ia + u+ii +i fa4
(+ i=il-+ l- - n. + n <ni- =l-i- t-i t ~ii- ~lil+i = < ni-. ~lil+i + z-i- < ni-
+ i ti-i t
Example-5 H
2
(g) +
2
1
O
2
(g)

H
2
O (l)
Solution ~lil+i + 1 ni n
2
1
nin 0
~lil+i + z-i- 0 0 1 ni n
~lil+i + <ni- = 1 nin H
2
(n=) +i <ni- +
2
1
nin O
2
(n=) +i <ni-
= 2 + 16 = 18 gm
~lil+i + z-i- <ni- = 1 nin n +i <ni- = 18 nin
2. fa4a ii fafza asia +i fa4
=ii i=il-+ iln+ l-- =na- + i i- t t l-nii lli i =i- l-i -ti ti- t
a<i.
n (H
2
O) n, ti:i- -ii ~i+=i- 2 : 1 + nin ~-i- n ti- t. ~-i- l-- t-i t -it t -n +i
n ti. -<i +i n ti ~ii =n<i n ~ii l+=i i=il-+ ~lil+i ,ii -il<- l+i ni t
Example-6 (+ l-lz-- ii- + 1.80 g, ~i+=i- n n+ :=+ ~i+=i: + 3.0 g <- t ii n nn +-
=ni- ii- + 1.50 g, :=+ ~i+=i: + 2.50 g <- t <zii: l+ t liin l-- ~-i- + l-n +i
-i-i t
Solution ~i+=i: + in -n- n
ii- +i ii = 1.80 g,
~i+=i- +i ii = (3.0 1.80) g = 1.2 g
"manishkumarphysics.in"
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CHEMISTRY

5 . 1
g 2 . 1
g 80 . 1
= =
ii +i ~i+=i-
ii +i ii-
~i+=i: + l,-i -n- n
ii- +i ii = 1.50 g,
~i+=i- +i ii = (2.50 1.50) g = 1 g.

5 . 1
g 1
g 50 . 1
= =
ii +i ~i+=i-
ii +i ii-
~- ~i+=i: + <i-i -n-i n ii- -ii ~i+=i- + ii +i ~-i- l-lz-- t-i t ~- liin.
l-- ~-i- +i l-n +i in- +-i t
3. nia asia +i fa4
(+ -. < = - = = i l- ti + <i ~ii <i = ~li+ li-- i ln+ -i- t . (+ - + < ni- i < = -
+ l-- <ni- = =il- ti- t. (+<= + ln( =n ~-i- n ti- t
aia =iiii ~- i- +i ~i zi i+ - = i~i + i- 1 : 1, 1 : 2, 1 : 3 =i ~- i- ti -i t i< n := =iiii ~- i-
= i +-i -ii l+ - +i ~i+=i+i ~-ii i-- ti i-i t
<i-i ~i+=i:i n +i - +i ~i+=i+i = i +i =ni- ~-i- 1 : 2 ti -i t
Example-7 +i - <i ~i+=i:i +i -i-i t i +nzi 42.9%-ii 27.3%+i - +- t <zii : l+ t ~i + n i-
~- i- + l-n +i -i- t
Solution i - 1
+ <i ~i+=i:i n +i- -ii ~i+=i- +i l-zi- = na- +i l+ln- +-i
in~i+=i: l,-i ~i+=i:
+i- 42.9 % 27.3 % (l<i ni t )
~i+=i- 57.1% 72.7 %
(~-- ,ii)
i - 2
+i - + < ni- +i l+ln- +-i i (+ l-lz-- < ni- + =ii = i l- ti -i t ~ii - + <i ~i +=i: i
n ~i +=i- + < ni- +i (+ iin in ~i +=i: n . ~i +=i- + < ni- +i 57.1 iin +i +i - + =ii
=i- = 42.9 iin
~i+=i- +i < ni- +i 1 iin +i +i - + =ii = i l- ti ni =
1 . 57
9 . 42
= 0.751.
l,-i ~i+=i: n ~i+=i- + <ni- +i 72.7 +i +i - + =ii = i- = 27.3
~i+=i- + <ni- +i 1 iin +i +i- + =ii =i- =
7 . 72
3 . 27
= 0.376
i - 3
+i - + < ni- +i - n-i +-i i <i -i ~i+=i:i n ~i+=i- + =ni- < ni- + =ii = i l- ti -i t
+i - + <ni-i +i ~i+=i- + =ni- < ni- (1 iin) + =ii = i - +i ~-i- 0.751 : 0.376 ~ii
2 : 1 t
"manishkumarphysics.in"
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CHEMISTRY
vfazia unaa
ti tn iln+ +i ~il+ =zi i-+ iln+ n v+ - +i vl-zi- l-+in- t tn i-- t l+ l-lz--
=ni-i- + ~-=i (+ ziz iln+ +i +i: -n-i --+ =il- -i + =ii l-- ~-i- -i-i t
Example-8 ~nil-i +i v+ ~i l-- ~ii -ii- +i lli = --zi NH
3
=zi tnzii i-i t ~ii- ~nil-i
+i 1 nin N + 1 nin -ii H + 3 nin +- ti-i t <= zi<i n NH
3
+ 17 gm, N + 14 gm -ii
H + 3 gm nin +- ti- t ~ iln+ n v+ - +i % l-+iln(
Solution NH
3
N +i % <-4ia =
100
NH
NH 1
3
3

ni- < +i nin +

ni- < +i z n nin
1
=
17
gm 14
100 = 82.35 %
NH
3
H +i % <-4ia =
100
NH
H NH 1
3
3

ni- < +i nin +

ni- < +i n nin
1
=
17
3
100 = 17.65 %
niasiat aii if+ ui
tn t < i - + t l+ i ln+ +i n ni- i-i = zi ai- ti - - +i vl-zi- = na- l+ln- l+i i =+-i t :=+
li- l< - +i vi-i n vl-zi- = na- i-- ti -i tn i ln+ + ~i n v + - + nii +i ~i l-i+ = i
l+ln- i =+-i t ~in l< ~il+ < ni- ai- ti -i ~il+ =zi ~i=i-i = l-ii l- l+i i =+-i t
~-. iln+ n ni-i-i =zi (+ i=il-+ =zi t . i =iiii ~- i- n nii~i +i ~i l-i+ = i <zii-i t . (+
n ni- i-i = zi (+ i ln+ n -l-i- lli-- nii ~i + == =iiii ii + ~- i- +i <lzi - +-i t (+ ~i n
+ - n nii +i i--l+ = i +i ~il+ = zi < - t ~i = zi. (+ i ln+ + ~i n -l-i- nii ~i + lli--
+ii +i l-lz-- = i <zii -i t ~il+ = zi n ni- i-i = zi +i i n ii + ti -i t
~ii - ~il+ = zi = n ni- i-i = zi n
ti n =
Example-9 (l=lni- -ii i- <i -i +i n ni- i-i = zi CHt (l=lni- -ii i- +i ~li+ < ni- +nzi 26 -ii
78 t :-+i ~il+ =zi -i:
Solution CH nni-i-i = zi t
i - 1
i ln+ +i nni- i-i = zi CHt
nni-i-i =zi <ni- = (1 12) + 1 = 13.
~il+ <ni- = 26
i - 2
n +i ni- l+ln- +-i
n = =
13
26
= 2
i - 3
i ln+ +i ~il+ = zi l+ln- +- + ln(
~il+ =zi = n (iln+ +i nni-i-i =zi) = 2 CH = C
2
H
2
~- C
2
H
2
nni- i-i = zi t
:=i +i i- + ln(
"manishkumarphysics.in"
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CHEMISTRY
n +i ni- l+ln- +- + ln(
n = =
13
78
= 6
~- ~il+ = zi 6 CH = C
6
H
6
ti -i t
Example-10 (+ +il-+ <ii. +i-. ti:i- ~i ~i+=i- +i l--- l-zi- =na- i-i t
C = 40.684% ; H = 5.085% and O = 54.228%
i ln+ +i ~i ii 118 t i ln+ +i ~i = zi ai- +i
Solution s< - 1
iln+ +i n ni- i-i = zi ai- +- + ln(
n ni- i-i = zi C
2
H
3
O
2
s< - 2
nni-i-i =zi <ni- l+ln- +- t-
i ln+ +i n ni- i-i = zi C
2
H
3
O
2
.
nni-i-i <ni-
= (2 12) + (3 1) + (2 16) = 59.
s< - 3
n +i ni- l+ln- +- t-
n =
ni- < nni-i-i
ni- < ~il+
=
59
118
= 2
s< - 4
ni +i nni-i-i =zi l+ln- +- t-
~il+ = zi = n (nni-i-i = zi) = 2 C
2
H
3
O
2
= C
4
H
6
O
4
~- ~il+ = zi C
4
H
6
O
4.
t
ia-
t <i +i +i t
1. n i- (absolute density) 2. ~i l-i+ i- (relative density)
< aii aiu + fny
n i- =
~i l-i+ i- ~ii llzi n =
i- +i n
i- +i <ii
C 4
tn i-- t l+ 4C n +i i- = 1 gm/ml ti-i t
"manishkumarphysics.in"
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CHEMISTRY
nui + fny
n i- (<ni- /~i--) = nin <ni-nin ~i--
isf+i+ ia- ii is ia- :
i i- +i =ni- -i -ii <i ti: i- n = + =<i n l+=i n = + i- +i liili- l+i i-i t
i i- =
2
H
d
d
xSl
i i- =
2
H
M
M
xSl
=
2
M
xSl
M
nu
= 2 {is ia-)
~i l-i+ i- +i ~- n =i + =-<i n ii l+ln- l+i i =+-i t
Example-11 CH
4
+ =i -i SO
2
+i i.i. +i t
Solution V.D. =
4
2
CH . W . M
SO . W . M
V.D =
16
64
= 4
Example-12 S.T.P. (+ l-lz-- n = + 7.5 L+i ii 16 n in t n = +i i.i. +i t
Solution 7.5 ni = 16 nin
nin =
M
16
4 . 22
5 . 7
=
M = 45 nin
V.D.
2
48
= 24
iui4fa+ fif+4i :
t (+ +n t l=n <i ~ii <i = ~li+ <ii ~i= n ~--l+i + i- ii +i -i + - i -i- t
iui4fa+ ut+i :
=ii i=il-+ ~lil+i +i i=il-+ =ni+i ,ii <lzi- l+i i-i t -ii t i=il-+ =ni+i ~li+i+
-i< + i=il-+ = zi ,ii l-l- ti -i t n ii n+ = (+ i=il-+ =ni+i ~li+i+ -i< +i t :=+
i n i-+ii <-i t l+ (+ =-ln- i=il-+ =ni+i t- =i niziin+ i-+ii ii <-i t n- t
~li+i+i + nin ~-i- n =il- ti- -ii nin ~-i- n -i<i + -- +i -i-i t
y+ u-afna iui4fa+ ut+i +t fziiai
(a) t =ni+i + <i-i ~i + - + nii~i +i =ni- =i +i i-i t (POAC)
(b) t <i-i ~i ~izi =-ii l-n +i in- +-i t
(c) =ii ~li+n + +i ii l-+ ~-ii~i +i +i a+ n =l-nln- +-i t
(d) =ii ~li+n +i +i --+ ni-+ ~il+ n (nii n -ti ) lnii i-i t
(e) n ii + ti + ~li+n + +i ~i l-i+ ni n ~- i- <- t
Example-13 l--- ~lil+i + ln( (+ =-- ln- i=il-+ =ni+i lnli( i lzin +ni (KClO
3
) +i nn l+i
i-i t -i t i lzin +ni i: (KCl) -ii ~i +=i- (O
2
) < -i t
"manishkumarphysics.in"
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CHEMISTRY
Solution KClO
3
(s)
A
KCl (s) + O
2
(g) (~=-ln- i=il-+ ~lil+i)
2KClO
3
(s)
A
2 KCl (s) + 3 O
2
(g) (=-ln- i=il-+ ~lil+i)
t i< li( l+ (+ i=il-+ =ni+i t t i =ni+i + <i -i ~i + - + nii ~i +i =ni- = i
+- ti -i t
uafna iui4fa+ ut+i +t -4i4i +ai
tn = - ln- i=il-+ ~lil+i i-- +- t -i l--- -i+ = tn (+ i=il-+ =ni+i +i ii + =+- t
<ni- <ni- lznii
<ni- ~i-- lznii
nin ni n lzn ii
~i-- ~i-- lzn ii ((l~i n i ~ii n = lzn ii + n i+ = l-i l+i i-i t )
~ l--- -<iti ,ii -i+- lznii +i =nn =+- ti
<-4ia <-4ia fznii
l--- ~lil+i +i ~ni +- +il
2KClO
3

2KCl + 3O
2
~lil+i + ln( ==ni+iln-i
<ni-<ni- ~-i- : 2 122.5 : 2 74.5 : 3 32
i
ni- < +i
ni- < +i
KCl
KClO
3
=
5 . 74 2
5 . 122 2

ni- < +i
ni- < +i
2
3
O
KClO
=
32 3
5 . 122 2

Example-14 367.5 n in KClO

3
(M= 122.5) +i nn l+i i-i t -i KCl -ii ~i+=i- + l+-- n in -il<- ti-
t
Solution KClO
3
+i nn +- + ln =-ln- +i n: i=il-+ =ni+i l--- t
2KClO
3

2KCl + 3O
2
<ni- <ni- ~-i- : 2 122.5 gm : 2 74.5 gm : 3 32 gm
ni- < +i
ni- < +i
KCl
KClO
3
=
5 . 74 2
5 . 122 2

W
5 . 367
=
5 . 74
5 . 122
W = 3 74.5 = 223.5 gm
ni- < +i
ni- < +i
2
3
O
KClO
=
32 3
5 . 122 2

W
5 . 367
=
32 3
5 . 122 2

W = 144 gm
<-4ia i4aa fznii
~ KClO
3
+ li- +i i- n i+
2KClO
3

2KCl + 3O
2
<ni- ~i-- ~-i- : 2 122.5 gm : 2 74.5 gm : 3 22.4 lt. STP
tn ~i+=i- + ln( <i =--i +in n n =+- t
"manishkumarphysics.in"
11
CHEMISTRY
-- ~i +i
ni- < +i
2
3
O STP
KClO
=
lt 4 . 22 3
5 . 122 2

...(i)
-ii
-- ~i +i
ni- < +i
2
O STP
KCl
=
lt 4 . 22 3
5 . 74 2

...(ii)
Example-15 367.5 gm KClO
3
(M= 125.5) +i nn l+i i-i t. STP ~i+=i- n = + l+-- ni -- t
Solution ti =ni+i (1) +i -in +
-- ~i +i
ni- < +i
2
3
O STP
KClO
=
lt 4 . 22 3
5 . 122 2

V
5 . 367
=
lt 4 . 22 3
5 . 122 2

V = 3 3 11.2
V = 100.8 lt
in in fznii
niziin+ lzn ii + ln t lzn ii t - nt i ti -i t lili i +i =nit <i i-i t l+ := lzn ii
+i - = =nn ~ KClO
3
+ li - +i - ~ni +- l+i i-i t
2KClO
3

2KCl + 3O
2
ni n nin lznii + in < n ~i =-ln- i=il-+ ~lil+i +i c- t = l+ 2ni n KClO
3
,
2nin KCl -ii 3ni n O
2
n li l- ti i-i t -ii ~lil+i ==ni+ilnl- = tn lni =+- t l+
2
KClO
3
nin +
=
2
KCl nin +
=
3
O
2
nin +
~ +i: =ini- =-ln- i=il-+ ~lil+i + ln
a A + b B

c C + d D
asia fif+4i + fn4 in in fznii ru s+i fni u+a r+
a
A nin i+ii l+ +
=
b
B nin i+ii l+ +
=
c
C nin -il<- +
=
d
D nin -il<- +
aia : i-- n < ni- < ni- -ii < ni- ~i-- lzn ii +i ii ni nni n lzn ii + <i n -ii i =+-i t ~i
-i +i ii -in + =+- t
"manishkumarphysics.in"
12
CHEMISTRY
utia fi++
~li+i+ i == tn ~lil+i n =ni-- ti i-i t -ii ~lil+i n -i n -i< +i nizii +i =iln- + < -i
t -i t =ini- ~li+n+ +tni-i t
=ini - ~li+n + +i l----n ==ni+iln-i nizii n ii i-i t -ii :=ln( t -i< +i nizii +i l- lzi- +-i
t zi i -i ~ii t ni ~li+i+ ~ili+ ~li+n + +tni-i t
~i i=il-+ ~lil+i +i = - ln- +- ti . -i l< ~li+i+ + ni ni +i = i. = - ln- i=il-+ ~lil+i +
==ni+ilnl- n ii+ + ~- i- n -ti ti -i t -i ti (+ ~li+i+ ti-i -ilt i l+ =ini- ~li+n + t
Example-16 Na
2
CO
3
+ -i- nin. HCl ln- + 6 ni ni + =ii l+i +- t STP -il<- CO
2
n= +i ~i--
ai- +il ~lil+i l--- t
Na
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl

2 NaCl + CO
2
+ H
2
O
Solution ~lil+i = Na
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl

2 NaCl + CO
2
+ H
2
O
l< n nin 3 mol 6 mol
l<i ni nin ~-i- 1 : 2
==ni+ilnl- nii+ ~-i- 1 : 2
ti < i- ~li+i+ + ni n ==ni+ilnl- n ii + ~- i- n ti - t . :=ln +i : ii ~li+i+ zi i -ti
--i t
~ STP -il<- CO
2
+ ~i-- +i l+ln- +- + ln ninnin lznii +in n lnl
1
CO Na
3 2
nin +
=
1
CO
2
nin + -il<-
-il<- CO
2
+ nin = 3
STP -il<- CO
2
+i ~i-- = 3 22.4 L = 67.2 L
Example-17 Na
2
CO
3
+ 6 ni n. HCl ln- + 4 ni n + =ii l+i +- t STP -il<- CO
2
n = +i ~i-- ai-
+il ~lil+i l--- t
Solution ~lil+i = Na
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl

2 NaCl + CO
2
+ H
2
O
~li+i+ + l< ni n 6 : 4
l< nin ~-i- 3 : 2
==ni+ilnl- nii+ ~-i- 1 : 2
ti < i- ~li+i+ + ni ni +i = i ==ni+ilnl- n ii + ~- i- n -ti t :=ln( ti (+ ~li+i+
ti -i -ilt i tn +in n lni i-i t -ii =ini- ~li+n + - i-i t
n l+- z- t t l+ +i -=i ~li+i+ =ini - t . t i<i +la- -ti t . := ~i ~i=i-i = i-- + =+-
t := lli + ~- =i
+u utia fi++ aia + u+a r
i : I
~li+i+ + l< n ni n +i ~li+i+ + l< n ==ni+ilnl- nii + = liil- l+i i-i t
i : II
< i-i ti ni l+ :-n +i -=i lii- - --n ~i-i t ~li+i+ l=+i ni- - --n t ~i+ ln( =ini - ~li+n + ti -i t
"manishkumarphysics.in"
13
CHEMISTRY
i : III
~ ~i =ini - ~li+n + i-- +- ti . -i ~i+i i- =ini - ~li+n + ti -i -ilt
-i I ( II = Na
2
CO
3
HCl
1
6
= 6
2
4
= 2 (lii- ---n ti-i t)
HCl =ini - ~li+n + t
-i III =
2
HCl eksy ds
=
1
CO
2
eksy ds mRikfnr
-il<- CO
2
+ nin = 2 nin
STP -il<- CO
2
+i ~i-- = 2 22.4 = 44.8 lt.
sii u+ii +i fu&i-a (POAC) :
i-- n POAC< ni- = -ii t l= nii l=zi-- +i = +--i n +- l+i ni t -ii l< nii = l-i- ti -
t -i nii + ni n = l-i- ti - t (n l+- ( =i -ili+i ~lil+i n -ti ti -i t )
t liii i + ln nii<i+ t l+=i ii z- n = - ln- i=il-+ =ni+i n i n i-+ii -ti ti := l=zi--
+i l--- -<iti ,ii =nni i =+-i t t -i+i (+ l-lz-- nii + -ii ~i -+- ti ni tn (+ nii
+l-<- ti+ -= ~lil+i n =l-i- +- t := l=,i-- +i l--- -<iti ,ii =nni i =+-i t
KClO
3
(ai=) KCl (ai=) + O
2
(n=) + li- +i i- i (~=-ln- i=il-+ =ni+i)
K nii + ln nii =-ii (POAC) + l=zi-- + ln nin l+i i-i t
~li+i+ n K nii~i + nin = -i< n K nii + nin
KClO
3
n K nii + nin = KCl n K nii + nin
~. KClO
3
+ 1 ~i. K + 1 nii +- ti -i t . :=i +i
KCl +i 1 nin. K + 1 nin +- ti-i t
:= +i KClO
3
n K nii + nin = 1 KClO
3
+ nin
-ii KCl n K nii + nin = 1 KCl + nin
KClO
3
+ nin = KCl + nin
~ii
ii ~il+ +i
n) (n in ii +i
3
3
KClO
KClO
=
ii ~il+ +i
n ) (nin ii +i
KCl
KCl
-i +- =ni+i KClO
3
-ii KCl + i- <ni-< ni- =--i < -i t i = =ni+ilnl- +i ni-i +
ln( nt i t
- Onii + ln nii = -ii + l=zi-- +i nin l+i i-i t
KClO
3
n O+ nin = 3 KClO
3
+ nin
O
2
n O + nin = 2 O
2
+ nin
3 KClO
3
+ nin = 2 O
2
+ nin
~ii 3
ii ~il+ +i
ii +i
3
3
KClO
KClO
= 2
.) lt 4 . 22 (
O NTP
2
-- ~i nin ni-+
-- ~i +i
-i+- =ni+i n ~li+i+ -ii -i< +i <ni- ~i-- = i l<i i-i t
"manishkumarphysics.in"
14
CHEMISTRY
Example-18 ~li+n+i +i (+ ii ,ii 27.6 g K
2
CO
3
+i --il- l+i ni l== l+ K
2
Zn
3
[Fe(CN)
6
]
2
n :=+
=ii +i- ll-- ti i- t -i< + ii +i l+ln- l+l(
[K
2
CO
3
+i nin ii = 138 . K
2
Zn
3
[Fe(CN)
6
]
2
+i ~i ii = 698]
Solution ti tn i=il-+ ~lil+i +i ii +i i-+ii -ti t
n l+- tn il-i+ ~li+i+ -ii -=+ ~-=i ~l--n -i< + i n i-- t
K
2
CO
3

n <i +:
K
2
Zn
3
[Fe(CN)
6
]
2
-l+ Cnii =l-i- t :=ln( +i- nii POAC+- +-
K
2
CO
3
n C + nin = K
2
Zn
3
[Fe(CN)
6
]
2
n C + nin
1 K
2
CO
3
+ nin = 12 K
2
Zn
3
[Fe(CN)
6
]
2
+ nin
( K
2
CO
3
+i 1 nin. C+ 1 nin i-i t)
ni- < ~il+ +i
ii +i
3 2
3 2
CO K
CO K
= 12
ni- < ~il+ +i -i<
ni- < +i -i<
K
2
Zn
3
[Fe(CN)
6
]
2
+i ii =
138
6 . 27

12
698
= 11.6 g
fn4a
<i ~ii <i = ~li+ <ii +i lni (+ ln- ti =+-i t tn +t =+- t l+ (+ ln- <i ~ii <i = ~li+
<iii +i =ni ni lni t . =ni ni +i ~i i = =n ti -i t
y+ fn4a +i ni
(+ ln- - -ii i<zii ti -i t -<iti + ln n n =i ln +ni : +i (+ ln- - -ii i<zii
ti-i t
(+ ln- +z =n + ln( i < - ln -i- -ti a-i t
(+ ln- n . ln i +ii +i lni+ +ii ~ii ~i ~i = = -n<zii + ,ii ii li l<- -ti l+i i =+-i t
(+ i--l+ ln- n . lni+ ~i ~i + i- + -ii- n ln + +i ln -- ti i-i t
ln- + =na- +i zi-+ i+ -ti l+i i =+-i t
ui-<ai + s<
(+ ln- + =i-<i +i +- +- + ln l--- =i-<-i < +in n ln i- t
nin-i (M)
ninn-i (m)
ni n li-- i ni n ii (x)
% l+n-
-inn-i (N)
ppm
t i< li l+ t =ii =i-< -i < (+ < = = = li- ti - t (+ =il-< - < +i i-+ ~i < = =i-< -i
< +i ii i-- + =+- t ~ tn ~nn~nn :- l-i + n
"manishkumarphysics.in"
15
CHEMISTRY
inai (M) :
ln- + 1 L (1000 ml) n in t( (+ ln + nini +i =i ln- +i nin-i +tni-i t
~ii- ln- +i nin-i =
n ) (ni -- ~i +i - ln
i = +i nini +i ln
l< V ml n n ~iii M in ln + w nin +i iin+ (+ ln- -ii i-i t -i
ln + in- in nini +i =i =
M
w
V ml n
M
w
ln + nin i- t
1000 ml
esa ml
V M
1000 w

i-i t
nin-i (M) =
esa ml
V ) (
1000 w

~i ii +i ln
+z ~- =--i ii -ini ti- t
lnnini-= +i =i =
1000
) (

~iii +i ln
ni- < +i ln
= (ln- +i nin-i V
ml n
)
ln- +i nin-i := +i ii <i i =+-i t
nin-i (M) =
-= -- ~i + n +i - ln
i = +i lnninin + ln
n
nin-i (+ :+i: t i -ini- l-i +-i t t -ini- + +ni-i-i ti-i t nli-i = -ini-
c- + =ii nin-i +n ti-i t
nin-i
-ini-
1
o
-- ~i
1
o
l< (+ l-lz-- ln- l=+i ~i-- V
1
nin-i M
1
t -=+i ~i-- V
2
ml + <. -i M
1
V
1
= M
2
V
2
ti M
2
: liini nin-i t
l< (+ ln- l=+i ~i-- V
1
nin-i M
1
t +i ~i-- V
2
ml nin-i M
2
in =ni- ln +i lnl-
l+i i-i t
M
1
V
1
+ M
2
V
2
= M
R
(V
1
+ V
2
)
M
R
= liini nin-i =
2 1
2 2 1 1
V V
V M V M
+
+
Example-19 (+ ni ln- + 10 Lt n in-ziin ilzin +nii: (KCl) + 149 gm t ln- +i nin-i +i
l-iii +il (K = 39, Cl = 35.5)
Solution KCl +i ~il+ <ni- = 39 + 35.5 = 74.5 gm
KCl + nin =
gm 5 . 74
gm 149
= 2
ln- +i nin-i =
10
2
= 0.2 M
"manishkumarphysics.in"
16
CHEMISTRY
innai (m) :
y+ fni4+ + 1000 gm (1 kg) inazitn fn4 + in +t u4i fn4a +t innai +rniat
r +
iia innai =
1000
ni- < +i + lni n nin
i = +i nini + ln
l< lni+ + X gmn ln + Ygm i n- t ln +i ~il+ < ni- M
0
t - lni+ + X gm n ln +
Y/M
0
mole in-ziin t. :=ln
ninn-i =
1000
X M
Y
0

ninn-i. -ini- l-- l-i -ti +-i t

Example-20 (+ ni ln- +i 225 gm li + 5 gm +- ti-i t ninn-i + <i n ln- +i =i-<-i +i
t
( li +i ~il+ ii =60)
Solution li +i ~l+ <ni- = 60
li + nini +i =i=
60
5
= 0.083
lni+ +i <ni-= (255 5) = 250 gm
ln- +i ninn-i =
1000
ni- < +i + lni n nin
i = +i nini + ln
=
1000
250
083 . 0

= 0.332.
in fi-a (x) :
ln- n -l-i- ln ~ii lni+ + ni ni +i = i +i ~- i- -ii ln- n -l-i- ni ni +i + n = i +i
~- i- -=+i ni n li-- i nin ii +tni-i t
ni-i ln- n ln + nini +i = i = n
l< ln- n lni+ + nini +i = i = N
ln (x
1
) +i ni n li-- =
N n
n
+
lni+ (x
2
) +i nin li-- =
N n
N
+
-ii x
1
+ x
2
= 1
ni n li-- (+ zi z = i t t -ini- l- - l-i -ti +-i t
% sf+na
l--- -i+ = l-zi- + <i n (+ ln- +i =i-<-i +i +- l+i i =+-i t
%ii ii (w/w) : ln- + 100 gm n -l-i- ln +i <ni- + n := l-l- +- t
~ii - % w/w =
100
n) (nin ni- < +i - ln
n) (nin ni- < +i ln
%~ii- ii~i-- (w/v) : t ln- + l- 100 ml n -l-i- ln +i <ni- <-i t
"manishkumarphysics.in"
17
CHEMISTRY
~ii - % w/v =
100
n) (lnni -- ~i +i - ln
n) (nin ni- < +i ln
% ~i--~i-- (v/v) : t l- 100 ml ln- n -l-i- ln +i ~i-- <- t
~ii - % v/v =
100
n) (lnni -- ~i +i - ln
n) (lnni -- ~i +i ln
Example-21 lni+ n 25 g n <ii + 0.5 g +i ii ni i-i t ln- n <ii +i l-zi- nizii l+l-i- +il
Solution <ii +i <ni- = 0.5 g
lni+ +i <ni- = 25 g
<ii +i l-zi- (w/w) =
100
25 5 . 0
5 . 0

+
= 1.96
Example-22 n + 80 cm
3
n (-+i tin + 20 cm
3
+i ii ni i-i t ln- n (-+i tin +i l-zi- l+ln- +il(
Solution (-+itin +i ~i-- = 20 cm
3
n +i ~i-- = 80 cm
3
(-+itin +i l-zi- =
100
80 20
20

+
= 20
ffri
iua/ ir4 sif+ <-4ia :
- + i+l-+ = i i- in =n-iil-+i + < ni- + iii ~i =- +i ~i =- i ni nil+ < ni- +t-
t
X +i ~i=- nil+ <ni- (A
x
) =
100
x a ..... x a x a
n n 2 2 1 1
+ + +
ti
a
1
, a
2
, a
3
........... nii <ni- (=n-iil-+i +)
x
1
, x
2
, x
3
........... nin % (=n-iil-+i +)
Example-23 i+ l-+ = i-- +ni i- n 75%Cl
35
l=+i nil+ < ni- 35 amu t -ii 25%Cl
37
l=+i < ni-
37 amu t +nii- +i ~i=- nil+ <ni- l+ln- +il(
(A) 35.5 amu (B) 36.5 amu (C) 71 amu (D) 72 amu
Solution ~i=- nil+ <ni-
=
100
x % x % ni- < nil+ :=+i +i -=n-iil-+ ni- < nil+ :=+i +i =n-iil-+ II + I
=
100
37 x 25 35 x 75 +
= 35.5 amu
-i (a) =ii ni-i~i n tn := <ni- +i -in +n
(b) ~i- =iii n tn +n := <ni- +i -in +n
ir4 if+ <-4ia 4i if+ <-4ia :
izi n -l-i- lli-- <iii + ni n < ni- +i ~i=- =
n 2 1
n n 2 2 1 1
n .... n n
M n ...... M n M n
+ +
+ +
ti
"manishkumarphysics.in"
18
CHEMISTRY
M
1
, M
2
, M
3
........... <iii + ~il+ <ni-
-ii n
1
, n
2
, n
3
........... <iii + nin
Example-24 <li- i +i nin =na- l--- t
n = nii ii nin l-zi- =na-
~i+=i- 16 16%
-i: i - 14 80%
+i- i: ~i+=i: - 03%
=-+ i: ~i+=i: - 01%
<i n: <li- i +i ~i=- ~il+ < ni- +i t ? (l<i ni t C, S +i nii ii 12 ( 32 t)
Solution M
~i =-
=

=
=
=
=
n j
1 j
j
n j
1 j
j j
n
M n
ti
=
=
n j
1 j
j
n
= 100
M
~i =-
=
100
1 x 64 3 x 44 28 x 80 32 x 16 + + +
=
100
64 132 2240 512 + + +
=
100
2948
= 29.48 Ans.
MISCELLANEOUS SOLVED PROBLEMS (MSPS)
1. l--- -i +i ~il-i- nil+ < ni- ~i nil+ <ni- ai- +i
(i) Na (ii) F (iii) H (iv) Ca (v) Ag
Sol. (i) 23, 23 amu (ii) 19, 19 amu (iii) 1, 1 amu (iv) 40, 40 amu, (v) 108, 108 amu.
2. (C
2
H
6
) :i - -n- +i <ni-. lni- + 10
7
~i + <ni- + i t -n- n C
2
H
6
+ l+-- ~i t ?
Sol. CH
4
+ nin =
A
7
N
10
CH
4
+i <ni- =
A
7
N
10
16 = mass of C
2
H
6
:=ln(. C
2
H
6
+ nin =
30 N
16 10
A
7

:=ln(. C
2
H
6
+ ~i~i +i =i =
30 N
16 10
A
7

N
A
= 5.34 10
6
.
"manishkumarphysics.in"
19
CHEMISTRY
3. SO
2
160 g -n- n =. SO
2
(g) + 1.2046 x 10
24
~i ti <- STP - SO
2
+i ~i-- ai- +i
Sol. l<i ni t =
64
160
= 2.5.
ti n nin =
23
24
10 023 . 6
10 2046 . 1

= 2.
:=ln( zi i - nin = 0.5.
STP zii -i ~i-- = 0.5 22.4 = 11.2 lit.
4. -i:i- n= + 14 g ~i CO
2
(g) 22 g +i (+ =ii lnnii i-i t - STP n=i lnii +i ~i-- ai- +i
Sol. N
2
+ nin =
28
14
= 0.5.
CO
2
+ nin =
44
22
= 0.5.
:=ln( +n nin = 0.5 + 0.5 = 1.
:=ln( STP ~i-- = 1 22.4 = 22.4 lit.
5. l--- ~lil+i n
N
2
(g) + 3H
2
(g) 2NH
3
(g), <zii: l+ <ni- =l-i- t
Sol. N
2
(g) + 3H
2
(g) 2NH
3
(g)
~lil+i = tn nin 1 3 0
~lil+i + i< nin 0 0 2
~lil+i = tn <ni- = 1 nin N
2
(g) +i <ni- + 3 nin H
2
(g) +i <ni-
= 14 x 2 + 3 x 2
= 34 g
~lil+i + i< <ni- = 2 nin NH
3
+i <ni-
= 2 x 17
= 34 g
6. l+=i ii- + x nin +i 1.5 g ~i+=i- n nii i-i t -i t :=+ ~i+=: +i 3.0 g <-i t :=i
ii- + 1.20 g +i ii = l+i ++ :=+ ~i+=i: +i 2.40 g -i-i t :-+ liini = -i~i +i +i t
l-- ~ii l-zl-- =ni-i- + l-n +i in- +- t
Sol. ii- +i ii = 3.0 1.5 = 1.5 g
:=ln( ii- +i ii : ~i+=i- +i ii = 1.5 : 1.5 = 1 : 1
:=ln( l,-i ll-i-i n.
~i+=i- +i ii = 2.4 1.2 = 1.2 g
:=ln( ii- +i ii : ~i+=i- +i ii = 1.2 : 1.2 = 1 : 1
:=ln( t liin l-- =ni-i- + l-n +i <zii-i t
7. H
2
Oiln+ n O-ii H+i l-zi- ai- +il(
Sol. O +i l-zi- =
18
16
100 = 88.89%
H +i l-zi- =
18
2
100 = 11.11%
8. (l=lni- -ii i- + nni-i-i =zi +nzi CH& CH
2
t (l=lni- -ii i- +i ~il+ <ni- +nzi 26
56 t --+i nni-i-i =zi -- +il(
"manishkumarphysics.in"
20
CHEMISTRY
Ans. C
2
H
2
& C
4
H
8
Sol. n =
ni- < nni-i-i
ni- < ~il+
(=ilni- t-
n =
13
26
= 2
~il+ = zi =C
2
H
2
- t- :
n =
14
56
= 4
~il+ = zi = C
4
H
8
.
9. -i:i- +i (+ ~i+=i: l--- l-zi- =na- <-i t
N = 25.94
-ii O = 74.06
iln+ +i nni-i-i =zi l+ln- +i
Ans. N
2
O
5
Sol.
a- % / sii ii un a sia s ii + un a sia
N 1 2
O 2.5 5
85 . 1
14
94 . 25
=
4.63
16
74.06
=
~- n ni- i-i = zi N
2
O
5
t
10. N
2
O(g) + =i -i CO
2
(g) +i i- ai- +il(
Sol. ~il-i+ i- (R.D.) =
~iii +i
~iii +i
O N
CO
2
2
=
44
44
= 1.
11. N
2
O
5
+i i. i. ai- +il(
Sol. i. i. (V.D.) =
2
O N
5 2
~iii +i
= 54.
12. l--- + ln( =-ln- i=il-+ =ni+i lnii
(NH
3
) ~nil-i (N
2
) -i:i- n= -ii (H
2
) ti:i- n= n lil- ti i-i t
Sol. NH
3

2
1
N
2
+
2
3
H
2
or 2NH
3
N
2
+ 3H
2
.
13. 170 g NH
3
(M=17) +i lil- l+i i-i t -i N
2
H
2
l+-- nin -- t `
Sol. NH
3

2
1
N
2
+
2
3
H
2
1
NH
3
nin +
=
2 / 1
N
2
nin +
=
2 / 3
H
2
nin +
.
:=ln(. N
2
+i nin =
2
1

17
170
= 5. :=ln(. N
2
+i ii = 5 28 = 140 g.
:=i +i. H
2
+ nin =
2
3

17
170
= 15.
:=ln(. H
2
+i ii = 15 2 = 30 g.
"manishkumarphysics.in"
21
CHEMISTRY
14. 340 g NH
3
(M = 17) +i lil- l+i i-i t -i STP -i:i- n= + l+-- ni t `
Sol. NH
3

2
1
N
2
+
2
3
H
2
NH
3
+ nin =
17
340
= 20.
:=ln(. N
2
+ nin =
2
1
20 = 10.
STP N
2
+i ~i-- = 10 22.4 = 224 lit.
15. MgNO
3
+ 6 nin +i HCl ln- + =ii l+i +ii i-i t l--- ~lil+i + ln( STP -il<- CO
2
n=
+i ~i-- ai- +il(
MgCO
3
+ 2HCl MgCl
2
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O.
Sol. ti HCl =ini-- ~li+n + t . :=ln( -i n CO
2
+ ni n = 3.
:=ln( STP ~i-- = 3 22.4 = 67.2 lit.
16. 500 ml ni ln- +i 117 gm NaCl in-ziin t ln- +i ni n-i ai- +il
Sol. nin-i =
1000 / 500
5 . 58 / 117
= 4M.
17. l--- + ln( liini ni n-i l+ln- +il(
(a) 200 ml 1M HCl + 300 ml n (b) 1500 ml 1M HCl + 18.25 g HCl
(c) 200 ml 1M HCl + 100 ml 0.5 M H
2
SO
4
(d) 200 ml 1M HCl + 100 ml 0.5 M HCl
Ans. (a) 0.4 M (b) 1.33 M (c) 1 M (d) 0.83 M.
Sol. (a) liini nin-i =
300 200
0 1 200
+
+
= 0.4 M.
(b) liini nin-i = 33 . 1
1500
5 . 36
1000 25 . 18
1 1500
=

+
M
(c) liini nin-i H
+
=
100 200
2 5 . 0 100 1 200
+
+
= 1 M.
(d) liini nin-i =
100 200
5 . 0 100 1 200
+
+
= 0.83 M.
18. (+ ni ln- +i 518 gm n +i= + 18 gm (~iii = 180) +- ti-i t ln- +i ninn-i +i t
Sol. lni+ +i ii = 518 18 = 500 gm. :=ln( nin-i =
1000 / 500
180 / 18
= 0.2.
19. 6.25 g lni+ n 0.25 g <ii +i ii ni i-i t ln- n <ii +i l-zi- nizii l+ln- +il(
Sol. ln- +i ii = 0.25 + 6.25 = 6.50.
:=ln( % (w/w) =
50 . 6
25 . 0
100 = 3.8%.
"manishkumarphysics.in"
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CHEMISTRY
20. : i ln- n 0.32 nin LiAlH
4
+i +ni-+ n ii ni -ii 74 g (1 nin) t-ln (-+i tin +i lnnii ni -i<
LiAlHC
12
H
27
O
3
t -i< +i ii ai- +il(. l< lnlin nii = l-i- ti
[Li = 7, Al = 27, H = 1, C = 12, O = 16]
Sol. Li POAC nni-
1 LiAlH
4
+ nin = 1 LiAlH C
12
H
27
O
3
+ nin
254 0.32 = 1 LiAlH C
12
H
27
O
3
+i ii
LiAlH C
12
H
27
O
3
+i ii = 81.28 gm.