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The extensive range of paving products available from Kilsaran will provide a full range
of solutions for any project whether commercial, civic, industrial or a residential scheme.
;OPZZLJ[PVU^PSSNP]LZVTLIHZPJZWLJPJH[PVUHUKKLZPNUN\PKHUJLMVYWYVQLJ[
appraisal purposes

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Generally &RQFUHWH)ODJ3DYLQJ (large element) paving units

&RQFUHWH%ORFNSDYLQJ is suitable for a wide range of

are used for pedestrian, civic, amenity and street footpath

schemes from light pedestrian areas, domestic driveways,

JVUZ[Y\J[PVUHUKHYLUV[Z\P[HISLMVY]LOPJ\SHY[YHMJRPUN

[VJVTTLYJPHSHUK/.=[YHMJRLKHYLHZ\[PSP[`HYLHZHUK

unless a suitable sub base design has been prepared and

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guidance to this effect has been given on the individual

and versatile range of visual and functional uses.

product page.

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The full range of Kilsaran products are manufactured to fully meet all requirements of all current British and European Standards.
To ensure the best application and performance of all products it is the responsibility of the client to ensure that during the
design and installation process the relevant complimentary standards for design, installation, construction and maintenance
are followed.

90

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7H]PUN)SVJRZ

BS EN 1338:2003

BS 7533 Part 1 or 2

BS 7533-3

Paving Flags

BS EN 1339:2003

BS 7533 Part 8 or 12

BS 7533-4

Permeable Paving

BS EN 1338:2003

BS 7533-13

BS 7533-13

Kerbing

BS EN 1340

BS 7533-6

BS 7533-6

Tactile Paving

BS 7997, DD CEN/TS 15209:2008

DETR Tactile Paving Guidance Document

BS 7533-4

%ORFN3DYLQJ+LZPNU :WLJPJH[PVU.\PKHUJL

;OLILSV^PUMVYTH[PVUPZWYV]PKLKHZHN\PKLSPULMVYHWWYHPZHSW\YWVZLZVUS`VU[OLIHZPJZVMISVJRWH]LTLU[KLZPNUHUK
JVUZPKLYH[PVUZ0UHSSJHZLZ[OL\ZLYPZHK]PZLK[VYL]PL^[OPZN\PKHUJLHNHPUZ[[OLKL[HPSLKYLX\PYLTLU[ZVM[OL):Z\P[LVM
Z[HUKHYKZ^OPJOWYV]PKLPUKLW[OKL[HPSVUKLZPNUPUZ[HSSH[PVUJVUZ[Y\J[PVUHUKTHPU[LUHUJLVMJVUJYL[LISVJRWH]LTLU[Z

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7LWOH

BS EN 1338:2003

*VUJYL[LWH]PUNISVJRZ9LX\PYLTLU[ZHUK[LZ[TL[OVKZ

BS 7533-1

Guide for the structural design of heavy duty pavements constructed

VMJSH`WH]LYZVYWYLJHZ[JVUJYL[LWH]PUNISVJRZ

BS 7533-2

.\PKLMVY[OLZ[Y\J[\YHSKLZPNUVMSPNO[S`[YHMJRLKWH]LTLU[ZJVUZ[Y\J[LK
VMJSH`WH]LYZVYWYLJHZ[JVUJYL[LWH]PUNISVJRZ

BS 7533-3

*VKLVMWYHJ[PJLMVYSH`PUNWYLJHZ[JVUJYL[LWH]PUNISVJRZHUK
JSH`WH]LYZMVYL_PISLWH]LTLU[Z

BS 7533-11

Code of practice for the opening, maintenance and

reinstatement of pavements of concrete, clay and natural stone

3ULQFLSOHVRI&RQFUHWH%ORFN3DYHPHQWV
;OLWYPUJPWSLVU^OPJOJVUJYL[LISVJRWH]LTLU[Z

:PUJL[OLYLPZUVIV\UKZ\YMHJLHUKWH]PUNISVJRZHYL

VWLYH[LPZ[OH[P[PZHL_PISLJVUZ[Y\J[PVU[LJOUPX\L

YLS`PUNVU[OLPYULPNOIV\YPUNISVJR[VWYV]PKLMYPJ[PVUHS

For this is reason no cement based materials are

PU[LYSVJR[VOVSK[OLTPUWSHJLP[PZHULZZLU[PHSWHY[VM

permitted for use as a sub base layer and especially in

[OLISVJRWH]LTLU[KLZPNU[OH[[OLYLPZHYPNPKLKNL

the laying course material. The pavement must maintain

restraint on all sides of the pavement, this can consist

P[ZL_PISLJVUZ[Y\J[PVU[VWLYMVYTLMMLJ[P]LS`

VMHUHWWYVWYPH[LRLYIOH\UJOLKPUJVUJYL[LHUL_PZ[PUN
Z[Y\J[\YLVYHYPNPKS`_LKWLYPTL[LYJV\YZL0[PZHSZV

;OPZL_PISLUH[\YLVM[OLWH]LTLU[JVUZ[Y\J[PVUHSSV^Z

LZZLU[PHS[OH[K\YPUNJVUZ[Y\J[PVUHSSQVPU[ZHYLM\SS`SSLK

JVUJYL[LISVJRWH]LTLU[Z[VJHYY`MYVT]LY`SPNO[[V

with the correct grade of jointing sand and the joints are

L_[YLTLS`OPNOSVHKPUNZMYVT[Y\JRZHUKJVTTLYJPHS

inspected and topped up as required immediately after

]LOPJSLZ[VHPYJYHM[HUKOHUKSPUNHUKZ[HJRPUNTHJOPULY`

construction and for the future life of the pavement.

This is not always possible with in situ concrete or

;OLQVPU[PUNTH[LYPHSHZZPZ[Z^P[O[OLPU[LYSVJRVM[OL

bituminous macadam surfaces which may suffer

WH]LTLU[HUKPTWYVWLYS`SSLKQVPU[ZPZSPRLS`YLZ\S[PU

pavement fatigue under the same loading stresses.

deterioration of the surfacing layer and the sub base

layers underneath.

;OLPUKP]PK\HSJVUJYL[LWH]PUNISVJRZHYLSVJRLK
[VNL[OLYPU[OLPYSH`PUNWH[[LYUHUKHZVULISVJRPZSVHKLK
P[ZWYLHKZP[ZSVHK[VP[ZULPNOIV\YPUNISVJRHUK[OLSVHK
is spread outwards in a radial pattern, effectively
dissipating the load over a larger area.

91

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;OLSH`LYVMTH[LYPHSVU^OPJO[OLISVJRWH]PUN\UP[ZHYLILKKLK0[PZLZZLU[PHS[OH[[OPZTH[LYPHSJVTWSPLZ^P[O[OLYLX\PYLTLU[ZVM):
[HISLZ++HUK+HUKPZHWWYVWYPH[L[V[OLLUK\ZLVM[OLWH]LTLU[0[PZUV[WLYTP[[LK[VHKKJLTLU[VYSPTL[V[OLSH`PUN
JV\YZLTH[LYPHS[VHJ[HZHIPUKLY5V[L[OH[MVYTVYLOLH]PS`[YHMJRLKZP[LZ[OLUVTPUHSKLW[OVM[OLSH`PUNJV\YZLTH[LYPHSPZYLK\JLKHUK
[OLHSSV^HISLULZJVU[LU[PZHSZVYLK\JLK[VTPUPTPZL[OLWV[LU[PHSMVYZL[[SLTLU[HUKKL[LYPVYH[PVUPU\ZL

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The material placed above the sub-base and beneath the laying course layers. A roadbase layer will typically only be required in pavements
[OH[^PSSILYLX\PYLK[VHJJVTTVKH[LTLKP\T[VOLH]PLYK\[`JVTTLYJPHS[YHMJSVHKPUNZVY^OLYL[OLZ\INYHKLNYV\UKJVUKP[PVUZHYL
WVVYHUKYLX\PYLPTWYV]LTLU[MVY[OLKLZPYLK[YHMJSVHKPUNZ;OLYVHKIHZLSH`LY^PSSHJ[HZHZ[PMMLUPUNSH`LYPU[OLWH]LTLU[JVUZ[Y\J[PVU
and may be a cement bound granular material (CBM) or a bituminous macadam material. Note that conventional lean mix concrete or mass
JVUJYL[LPZUV[Z\P[HISLMVY\ZLPUISVJRWH]LTLU[Z[OH[HYL[VYLJLP]L]LOPJ\SHY[YHMJ

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(SSJVUJYL[LISVJRWH]LTLU[Z^PSSYLX\PYLHZ\IIHZLSH`LY;OPZPZ\Z\HSS`HOPNOX\HSP[`NYHU\SHYHSSPUHNNYLNH[LTH[LYPHS^OPJOPZPUZ[HSSLK
HUKJVTWHJ[LKPUSH`LYZ5VYTHSS`[OPZTH[LYPHS^PSSILH;`WL0TH[LYPHSPUHJJVYKHUJL^P[OJSH\ZLVM[OL+LWHY[TLU[MVY;YHUZWVY[
:WLJPJH[PVUMVY/PNO^H`>VYRZVYJSH\ZL[`WL)PUHJJVYKHUJL^P[O[OL5H[PVUHS9VHKZ(\[OVYP[`:WLJPJH[PVUMVY9VHK>VYRZ;OL
\ZLVMSV^LYX\HSP[`SSTH[LYPHSZHUKYLJ`JSLKY\IISLSSZOV\SKILH]VPKLK\USLZZ[OLTH[LYPHSOHZILLUPUKLWLUKLU[S`[LZ[LK[VKLTVUZ[YH[L
P[TLL[ZVYL_JLLKZ[OLYLX\PYLTLU[ZVM[OLZWLJPLKZ\IIHZLTH[LYPHSHIV]L

3DYLQJ%ORFN7KLFNQHVVHV
4VZ[VM[OL2PSZHYHUYHUNLVMISVJRWH]PUNPZH]HPSHISLPUH]HYPL[`VM[OPJRULZZLZ[VZ\P[KPMMLYLU[LUK\ZLYLX\PYLTLU[Z>OPSL[OLKLW[OVM
WH]PUNISVJRZLSLJ[LKT\Z[ILHWWYVWYPH[L[V[OLLUK\ZL[OLTH_PT\TSVHKPUNJHWHJP[`[OH[HJVUZ[Y\J[LKWH]LTLU[JHU^P[OZ[HUK^PSS
also be heavily dependent on the pavement build up and construction being appropriate to that end use.

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RI%ORFN3DYLQJPP

Domestic & pedestrian footpaths

40mm

+VTLZ[PJKYP]L^H`ZSPNO[[YHMJ WLKLZ[YPHUMVV[WH[OZ

50mm

5VYTHSK\[`[YHMJRLKHYLHZJHYWHYRPUNYL[HPSW\ISPJHYLHZ
^P[OSV^LY]VS\TLJVTTLYJPHS[YHMJ

60mm

Service roads in retail, commercial and civic public areas.

Adapted public roadways and commercially and heavier
[YHMJRLKHYLHZ

80mm

Note details in this table are intended as a quick reference guide only. For more detailed description of loading
JH[LNVYPLZHUK[YHMJRPUN[`WLZWSLHZLYL]PL^[HISLILSV^HUK):WHY[VY

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6LWH$VVHVVPHQWIRU'HVLJQ3XUSRVHV

(VWDEOLVKLQJEHDULQJFDSDFLW\RIWKHH[LVWLQJVXEJUDGH

-VYWH]LTLU[KLZPNUW\YWVZLZP[PZULJLZZHY`[VRUV^[OLZ[YLUN[OVYILHYPUNJHWHJP[`VM[OL\UKLYS`PUNZ\INYHKLZVPSJSH`(ZPTWSLZP[L[LZ[
TL[OVKRUV^UHZ[OL*)9[LZ[*HSPMVYUPH)LHYPUN9H[PVPZ\ZLK[VKL[LYTPULZ\INYHKLILHYPUNJHWHJP[`;OPZPZHZPTWSL[LZ[^OLYLHWS\UNLYVM
standard size and mass is forced into the sub-grade and the force at which the plunger stops at is recorded.
The CBR value is calculated from this. Typical values are in the range of 3-5% for normal clay sub-grades.
>L[WVVYS`KYHPULKHUKTHKL\WNYV\UK^PSSOH]LSV^LY]HS\LZ;OLSV^LY[OL]HS\L[OLTVYLZ\IIHZL
/ pavement build-up will be required as per WDEOH

On most schemes the pavement designer will already have site CBR values to hand as this testing would
have been carried out at site investigation stage prior to designing other buildings or structures on site.
The Structural Engineer would have required this for the foundation design of the building and you are
SPRLS`[VUK*)9]HS\LZPU[OPZYLWVY[5V[L[OLSV^LZ[H]LYHNL*)9]HS\LZ^PSSIL[HRLUMVY[OLZP[L
For smaller schemes and residential schemes where it is not economically feasible to carry out site
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SPRLS`[VILHISL[VHK]PZLVU[OLIHZPZVMHZP[L]PZP[

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MVY[OLWH]LTLU[HUKZLSLJ[HSVHKPUNJH[LNVY`HZKL[HPSLKPU[OL[HISLILSV^0[PZLZZLU[PHSH[[OPZKLZPNUZ[HNL[OH[HSSJVTTLYJPHS[YHMJPUJS\KPUN
VJJHZPVUHSZLY]PJL]LOPJSLZHUKLTLYNLUJ`]LOPJSLHJJLZZPZ[HRLUPU[VHJJV\U[^P[OPU[OLKLZPNUWYVJLZZ7H]LTLU[Z^OPJOOH]LUV[ILLU
KLZPNULK[VHJJVTTVKH[L/.=[YHMJZOV\SKUL]LYYLJLP]LZLY]PJL]LOPJSLZVYLTLYNLUJ`]LOPJSLZ0[PZHSZVULJLZZHY`[VMHJ[VYPUPUJYLHZPUN
[YHMJ]VS\TLZV]LY[OLKLZPNUSPMLVM[OLWH]LTLU[;OL):KLZPNUZ[HUKHYKZWYV]PKLM\Y[OLYN\PKHUJLPU[OPZHYLH

:[HNL7H]LTLU[*VUZ[Y\J[PVU;OPJRULZZ

>OLUKL[HPSZMYVTZ[HNL*)9HZZLZZTLU[HUKZ[HNL[YHMJHZZLZZTLU[OH]LILLUHZJLY[HPULKP[PZWVZZPISL[VKL[LYTPUL[OLYLX\PYLK
[OPJRULZZLZVMISVJRWH]PUNSH`PUNJV\YZLHUKZ\IIHZL[OH[HYLSPRLS`[VILYLX\PYLKMVY[OLZJOLTL;HISLILSV^PZIHZLKVU;HISLVM):
^OPJONP]LZN\PKHUJLVUJVUZ[Y\J[PVU[OPJRULZZVMISVJRWH]LTLU[Z5V[L]LY`OLH]PS`[YHMJRLKZP[LZ^PSSOH]L[VILKLZPNULKZLWHYH[LS`[V[OL
requirements of BS 7533-1.

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Category 0

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For commerJPHSS`OLH]`[YHMJRLKWH]LTLU[Z[OLKLZPNUN\PKHUJLPU[OPZ[HISLHUK):PZUV[HWWYopriate
and a morLKL[HPSLKZP[LZWLJPc design will be required to be carried out in accordance with the requirements of
BS 7533-1 with the assistance of an appropriate Consulting Engineer with detailed experience of Pavement Design.



*H[LNVY`00

For
commercial
vehicle
movements
above 10 per
day consult
BS 7533-1
HUKZLLR
specialist
design
guidance

400

350

250

150

150

125

30

80 in more
heavily
[YHMJRLK
areas
60 in
medium
[YHMc

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RQO\RFFDVLRQDOKHDY\
WUDIFFRPPHUFLDO
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*H[LNVY`000H

Less than 1

350

300

225

150

150

50

50

&DUSDUNVUHFHLYLQJQR
KHDY\WUDIFIRRWZD\V
UHFHLYLQJQRYHKLFOHWUDI

*H[LNVY`000I

Zero

300

250

175

100

100

50

50

*H[LNVY`0=

Zero

200

150

125

100

75

50

40 (no
[YHMc)
50 with light
[YHMc

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FRPPHUFLDOWUDI

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All materials used and installation and construction methodology should fully comply with the requirements of BS 7533-3. Maintenance and
YLPUZ[H[LTLU[^VYR^OLYLYLX\PYLKZOV\SKHSZVTLL[[OLYLX\PYLTLU[ZVM[OPZZ[HUKHYKHUK):

93

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ZJOLTLZ^OPJOOH]LILLUKLZPNULK[VHJJVTTVKH[LOLH]PLY[YHMJSVHKZHUKJVTTLYJPHSHUKZLY]PJL]LOPJSLZHYLUVYTHSS`
completed in herringbone pattern (either 45 or 90 degree) as this has been time proven to be the most effective laying pattern for
dissipating heavy loads and resisting spread from continual turning movements. Patterns such as stretcher bond will also be effective
MVYTLKP\T[YHMJSVHKPUN^OPSLWH[[LYUZZ\JOHZWHYX\L[VYZ[HJRIVUK^PSSUV[ILZ\P[HISLMVY]LOPJ\SHY[YHMJRPUN

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:[YL[JOLY)VUK

3URGXFWVZKLFKFDQEHODLGLQWKLVSDWWHUQ

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+LNYLL/LYYPUNIVUL

Suitable for all loading categories up to

and including heavier duty commercially
[YHMJRLKWH]LTLU[Z

Slane 200 x 100mm

Mellifont Large size only (240 x 160mm)
Lismore Large size only (240 x 160mm)
Newgrange Large size only (240 x 160mm)

9HUKVT:[YL[JOLY)VUK

Slane 200 x 100mm

Mellifont Large size only (240 x 160mm)
Lismore Large size only (240 x 160mm)
Newgrange Large size only (240 x 160mm)

Suitable for all loading categories up to medium

[YHMJJVTTLYJPHSWH]LTLU[ZOH]PUNVUJL[V
[^PJL^LLRS`NVVKZ]LOPJSL[YHMJ:OV\SKILSHPK
with longitudinal joints at 90 degrees to the
KPYLJ[PVUVM[YHMJ

Slane 200x100mm
Mellifont Large size only (240x160mm)
Lismore Large size only (240x160mm)
Newgrange Large size only (240x160mm)
Boyne

7HYX\L[VY)HZRL[^LH]L

:[HJR)VUK

Generally suitable for pedestrian areas only.

Not recommended for areas which are to
YLJLP]L]LOPJ\SHY[YHMJ

Generally suitable for pedestrian areas only. Not

recommended for areas which are to receive
]LOPJ\SHY[YHMJ

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Suitable for all loading categories up to

TLKP\T[YHMJJVTTLYJPHSWH]LTLU[ZOH]PUN
VUJL[V[^PJL^LLRS`NVVKZ]LOPJSL[YHMJ
Should be laid with longitudinal joints at 90
KLNYLLZ[V[OLKPYLJ[PVUVM[YHMJ

94

Suitable for all loading categories up to

and including heavier duty commercially
[YHMJRLKWH]LTLU[Z

Mellifont 3 size mix

Lismore 3 size mix
Newgrange 3 size mix

Slane 200x100mm

Slane 100x100 size

Mellifont Medium size only (160x160mm)
Lismore Medium size only (160x160mm)
Newgrange Medium size only (160x160mm)

)ODJ3DYLQJ
-SHN7H]PUN3H`PUN7H[[LYUZ
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HNWH]PUNHYLZX\HYLPUZOHWLHUKJVTTVUS`LP[OLYHZ[HJRIVUKVY]HYPH[PVUZVUHZ[YL[JOLYIVUKPZHKHW[LKVU
many schemes
(ZHNWH]PUNPZNLULYHSS`UV[\ZLKMVY]LOPJ\SHY[YHMJRPUN[OLSH`PUNWH[[LYU^PSSUV[OH]L[OLZHTLPTWHJ[VU[OL
SVUN[LYTZ[Y\J[\YHSZ[HIPSP[`VM[OLWH]LKZ\YMHJLHZP[KVLZMVYISVJRWH]LKZ\YMHJLZ0[ZOV\SKILUV[LKOV^L]LY
that often for public schemes and local authority utility schemes that transverse bond laying patterns are often
MH]V\YLK^OLYL[OLSVUNP[\KPUHSQVPU[PZH[ KLNYLLZ[V[OLKPYLJ[PVUVMWLKLZ[YPHU[YHMJ

;YHUZ]LYZL:[YL[JOLY)VUK

:[HJR)VUK

3VUNP[\KPUHS:[YL[JOLYIVUK

95

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;OLILSV^PUMVYTH[PVUPZWYV]PKLKHZHN\PKLSPULMVYHWWYHPZHSW\YWVZLZVUS`VU[OLIHZPJZVMHNWH]LTLU[KLZPNUHUK
JVUZPKLYH[PVUZ0UHSSJHZLZ[OL\ZLYPZHK]PZLK[VYL]PL^[OPZN\PKHUJLHNHPUZ[[OLKL[HPSLKYLX\PYLTLU[ZVM[OL):Z\P[LVM
Z[HUKHYKZ^OPJOWYV]PKLPUKLW[OKL[HPSVUKLZPNUPUZ[HSSH[PVUJVUZ[Y\J[PVUHUKTHPU[LUHUJLVMJVUJYL[LHNWH]LTLU[Z
%6(16WDQGDUG

7LWOH

BS EN 1339:2003

*VUJYL[LWH]PUNISVJRZ9LX\PYLTLU[ZHUK[LZ[TL[OVKZ

BS 7533-1

Code of practice for the construction of pavements of

WYLJHZ[JVUJYL[LHNZVYUH[\YHSZ[VULZSHIZ

BS 7533-2

.\PKLMVY[OLZ[Y\J[\YHSKLZPNUVMSPNO[S`[YHMJRLKWH]LTLU[ZJVUZ[Y\J[LK
VMJSH`WH]LYZVYWYLJHZ[JVUJYL[LWH]PUNISVJRZ

BS 7533-3

.\PKL[V[OLZ[Y\J[\YHSKLZPNUVM[YHMJRLKWH]LTLU[ZJVUZ[Y\J[LKVUHIV\UK
IHZL\ZPUNJVUJYL[LWH]PUNHNZHUKUH[\YHSZ[VULZSHIZ

BS 7533-11

Code of practice for the opening, maintenance and reinstatement of pavements

of concrete, clay and natural stone

3ULQFLSOHVRI&RQFUHWH)ODJ3DYHPHQWV
-SHNWH]LTLU[ZHYLNLULYHSS`JVUZ[Y\J[LKMVYWLKLZ[YPHU\ZLVYVJJHZPVUHSS`MVYLTLYNLUJ`VYZLY]PJL]LOPJSLHJJLZZ:PUJLHNWH]PUNPZ
UV[MYLX\LU[S`KLZPNULKHUKPUZ[HSSLK[VIL[YHMJRLKVM[LUP[^PSSILPUZ[HSSLKHZHYPNPKILKKPUNJVUZ[Y\J[PVUHUKZV\USPRLISVJRWH]PUN^PSS
UV[ILL_PISLPUJVUZ[Y\J[PVUHUKHJJVTTVKH[L]LOPJSL[YHMJ,_WLYPLUJLOHZZOV^UOV^L]LY[OH[YPNPKS`JVUZ[Y\J[LKHNWH]LTLU[ZHYL
HSVUN[LYTSV^THPU[LUHUJLZVS\[PVUHUKVM[LUHKHW[LKI`SVJHSH\[OVYP[PLZMVYZ[YLL[^VYRZHUKYLWHPYZ
3PRLISVJRWH]PUNP[PZHK]PZLKMVYHNWH]LTLU[Z[OH[[OLYLPZHYPNPKLKNLYLZ[YHPU[VUHSSZPKLZVM[OLWH]LTLU[[OPZJHUJVUZPZ[VMHU
HWWYVWYPH[LRLYIOH\UJOLKPUJVUJYL[LHUL_PZ[PUNZ[Y\J[\YLVYHYPNPKS`_LKWLYPTL[LYJV\YZL0[PZHSZVLZZLU[PHS[OH[K\YPUNJVUZ[Y\J[PVU
HSSQVPU[ZHYLM\SS`SSLK^P[O[OLJVYYLJ[NYHKLVMQVPU[PUNZHUKHUK[OLQVPU[ZHYLPUZWLJ[LKHUK[VWWLK\WHZYLX\PYLKPTTLKPH[LS`HM[LY
JVUZ[Y\J[PVUHUKMVY[OLM\[\YLSPMLVM[OLWH]LTLU[;OLQVPU[PUNTH[LYPHSPUHNWH]LTLU[ZWYL]LU[^H[LYPUNYLZZPU[V[OLWH]LTLU[SH`LYZ
and potential deterioration of the sub base layers underneath.

&RQFUHWHEORFNSDYHPHQWVW\SLFDOO\FRQVLVWRIHLWKHUWKUHHRUIRXUOD\HUVRIFRQVWUXFWLRQDV
GHWDLOHGLQWKHFURVVVHFWLRQEHORZ

7\SLFDO&URVV6HFWLRQRI&RQFUHWH)ODJ3DYHPHQW
.HUERUDSSURYHG
HGJHUHVWUDLQWWR
%6(1

&RQFUHWHKDXQFKLQJWRNHUE

)ODJ3DYLQJVXUIDFHFRXUVHXVLQJ
VHOHFWHGSODQVL]HDQGWKLFNQHVVRI
DJDSSURSULDWHWRWKHHQGXVH

/D\LQJ&RXUVH
XVXDOO\DVDQGFHPHQW
PRUWDUOD\LQJFRXUVHXVHG
IRUDJSDYLQJ
5RDGEDVH
1RWXVXDOO\UHTXLUHG
IRUDJSDYHPHQWVXQOHVV
YHKLFXODUWUDIFWRXVH
VXUIDFH
6XEEDVH

6XUIDFH&RXUVH
;OLZLSLJ[LKJVUJYL[LHNWH]PUN\UP[ZMVY[OLZ\YMHJLJV\YZLVM[OLWH]LTLU[

96

)ODJ3DYLQJ+LZPNU :WLJPJH[PVU.\PKHUJL
/D\LQJ&RXUVH
;OLSH`LYVMTH[LYPHSVU^OPJO[OLISVJRWH]PUN\UP[ZHYLILKKLK0[PZLZZLU[PHS[OH[[OPZTH[LYPHSJVTWSPLZ^P[O[OLYLX\PYLTLU[ZVM
):[HISLZ++HUK+HUKPZHWWYVWYPH[L[V[OLLUK\ZLVM[OLWH]LTLU[0[PZUV[WLYTP[[LK[VHKKJLTLU[VYSPTL[V
[OLSH`PUNJV\YZLTH[LYPHS[VHJ[HZHIPUKLY5V[L[OH[MVYTVYLOLH]PS`[YHMJRLKZP[LZ[OLUVTPUHSKLW[OVM[OLSH`PUNJV\YZLTH[LYPHS
PZYLK\JLKHUK[OLHSSV^HISLULZJVU[LU[PZHSZVYLK\JLK[VTPUPTPZL[OLWV[LU[PHSMVYZL[[SLTLU[HUKKL[LYPVYH[PVUPU\ZL
Sand laying course shV\SKJVTWS`^P[O[OLYLX\PYLTLU[ZVM):ZLJ[PVUHUK[HISL>OLYLHZHUKSH`PUNJV\YZLPZ
adapted it is not permitted to add cement or lime to the laying course material to act as a binder. For bound construction a cement
IHZLKTVY[HYJVTWS`PUN^P[O[OLYLX\PYLTLU[ZVMZLJ[PVUVM):ZOV\SKIL\ZLK5V[L[OH[UVYTHSS`[OLUPZOLK
JVTWHJ[LKKLW[OVMSH`PUNJV\YZLTH[LYPHSMVYHNJVUZ[Y\J[PVUZOV\SKILTTMVYIV[OZHUKHUKTVY[HYIHZLKSH`PUNJV\YZL
TH[LYPHSZ*VUJYL[LHNWH]PUNSHPKVUHIV\UKJLTLU[IHZLKSH`PUNJV\YZLTVY[HYILKZOV\SKOH]LTTQVPU[ZSSLK^P[OH
cement based mortar class M6 to BS EN 998-2.

5RDGEDVH1RWXVXDOO\UHTXLUHG
;OLTH[LYPHSWSHJLKHIV]L[OLZ\IIHZLHUKILULH[O[OLSH`PUNJV\YZLSH`LYZ(YVHKIHZLSH`LY^PSS[`WPJHSS`VUS`ILYLX\PYLKPUHN
WH]LTLU[Z[OH[^PSSILYLX\PYLK[VHJJVTTVKH[L]LOPJ\SHY[YHMJSVHKPUNZVY^OLYLLTLYNLUJ`]LOPJSLHJJLZZT\Z[ILHSSV^LKMVY
VY^OLYL[OLZ\INYHKLNYV\UKJVUKP[PVUZHYLWVVYHUKYLX\PYLPTWYV]LTLU[MVY[OLKLZPYLK[YHMJSVHKPUNZ;OLYVHKIHZLSH`LY^PSS
HJ[HZHZ[PMMLUPUNSH`LYPU[OLWH]LTLU[JVUZ[Y\J[PVUHUKTH`ILHJLTLU[IV\UKNYHU\SHYTH[LYPHS*)4VYHIP[\TPUV\Z
macadam material

6XEEDVH
(SSJVUJYL[LHNWH]LTLU[Z^PSSYLX\PYLHZ\IIHZLSH`LY;OPZPZ\Z\HSS`HOPNOX\HSP[`NYHU\SHYHSSPUHNNYLNH[LTH[LYPHS^OPJOPZ
PUZ[HSSLKHUKJVTWHJ[LKPUSH`LYZ5VYTHSS`[OPZTH[LYPHS^PSSILH;`WL0TH[LYPHSPUHJJVYKHUJL^P[OJSH\ZLVM[OL+LWHY[TLU[
MVY;YHUZWVY[:WLJPJH[PVUMVY/PNO^H`>VYRZVYJSH\ZL[`WL)PUHJJVYKHUJL^P[O[OL5H[PVUHS9VHKZ(\[OVYP[`:WLJPJH[PVUMVY
9VHK>VYRZ;OL\ZLVMSV^LYX\HSP[`SSTH[LYPHSZHUKYLJ`JSLKY\IISLSSZOV\SKILH]VPKLK\USLZZ[OLTH[LYPHSOHZILLU
PUKLWLUKLU[S`[LZ[LK[VKLTVUZ[YH[LP[TLL[ZVYL_JLLKZ[OLYLX\PYLTLU[ZVM[OLZWLJPLKZ\IIHZLTH[LYPHSHIV]L

3DYLQJ)ODJ7KLFNQHVVHV
4VZ[VM[OL2PSZHYHUYHUNLVMHNWH]PUNPZH]HPSHISLPUH]HYPL[`VM[OPJRULZZLZ[VZ\P[KPMMLYLU[LUK\ZLYLX\PYLTLU[Z4VZ[VM[OL
WH]PUNHNYHUNLPZZ\WWSPLKPUTTKLW[OHZZ[HUKHYK>OPSL[OLKLW[OVMWH]PUNHNZLSLJ[LKT\Z[ILHWWYVWYPH[L[V[OLLUK
use, the maximum loading capacity that a constructed pavement can withstand will be substantially more dependent on the
WH]LTLU[I\PSK\WHUKJVUZ[Y\J[PVUILPUNHWWYVWYPH[L[V[OH[LUK\ZL[OHU[OLWH]PUNHN\UP[P[ZLSM
-SHNZOH]LILLU[YHKP[PVUHSS`ZWLJPLKMVYTHU``LHYZPU[OLJVTTVU)YP[PZO:[HUKHYKZPaLZKL[HPSLKPU):HUK[OLUH[PVUHS
annex of BS EN 1339:2003
%66L]H)ODJ
'HVLJQDWLRQ

:RUN6L]HPP

7KLFNQHVVPP

B50

600 x 600

B63

600 x 600

E70

&ODVV)ODJV
&KDUDFWHULVWLF
%UHDNLQJ/RDG

0LQLPXP,QGLYLGXDO
%UHDNLQJ/RDG

50

9.1

7.3

63

14.4

11.6

400 x 400

70

18.4

14.7

F40

400 x 400

40

9.5

7.6

F5

400 x 400

50

9.5

7.6

F63

400 x 400

63

16.1

12.9

F80

400 x 400

80

16.1

12.9

0UMVYTH[PVUJVU[HPULKPU[OPZ[HISLPZIHZLKVU):,5 !5(HUK):!HUKOV^[OLZLZ[HUKHYKZILZ[HWWS`[V[OL
YLSL]HU[2PSZHYHUJVUJYL[LWH]PUNHNWYVK\J[Z

3DYHPHQW7\SH(QG8VH

0LQLPXP7KLFNQHVV
DQG)ODJ7\SH

5V]LOPJSL[YHMJH[HU`[PTLWH[PVZWH[OZHUKWLKLZ[YPHUVUS`HYLHZ

All unit sizes, 40mm in domestic and 50mm in public areas

Very occasional use by cars and cleaning equipment

All unit sizes in 50mm depth or greater with appropriately

robust sub base design

Pavements with light vehicular (car only) crossings

All unit sizes in minimum 63mm depth with appropriately

robust sub base design

7H]LTLU[Z^P[OSPNO[]LOPJ\SHYJHYVUS`[YHMJVY^OLYL
emergency vehicle access may be required

F80 minimum with appropriately robust sub base design

0UMVYTH[PVUJVU[HPULKPU[OPZ[HISLPZIHZLKVUN\PKHUJL^P[OPU[OL5H[PVUHS(UUL_VM):,5 !HUKPZPU[LYWYL[LKHZP[ILZ[HWWSPLZ[V
[OLYLSL]HU[2PSZHYHUJVUJYL[LWH]PUNHNWYVK\J[Z

97

)ODJ3DYLQJ+LZPNU :WLJPJH[PVU.\PKHUJL
6LWH$VVHVVPHQWIRU'HVLJQ3XUSRVHV
:PTPSHY[VISVJRWH]PUNZ[Y\J[\YHSKLZPNUMVYJVTTLYJPHSHN

-VYHNWH]PUNZJOLTLZ^OLYLUV]LOPJ\SHY[YHMJPZ[V

paving schemes the ground conditions (drainage and CBR

\ZL[OLZ\YMHJLHZPTWSPLKHWWYVHJOPZVM[LU\ZLK

]HS\LZHUKJ\YYLU[HUKWYLKPJ[LK[YHMJ]VS\TLZVUS`MVY

where the sub base depth will be in the region of

[YHMJRLKHNWH]LTLU[ZULLK[VILKL[LYTPULK[VZLSLJ[[OL

TTHUKHUL_WLYPLUJLKWH]PUNNYV\UK^VYRZ

TVZ[Z\P[HISLWH]PUNHN\UP[ZPaLHUKKLW[OHUKHSZV[VHSSV^

contractor will be able to advise at appraisal stage if this

a suitable sub base design to be carried out.

ZOV\SKILZ\MJPLU[

<USPRLISVJRWH]PUNZ[Y\J[\YHSKLZPNU[OLKLW[OVMZ\IIHZL
and roadbase (when required) construction is determined
\ZPUNNYHWOZMVY[OLWH]PUNHN\UP[Z[YLZZSPTP[HUKZLWHYH[LS`
for sub base material stress limit. These graphs are detailed in
section 6.4 of BS 7533-8 and the higher value obtained from
the two graph interpretations should be used.

*VUZ[Y\J[PVU
All materials used and installation and construction methodology should fully comply with the
YLX\PYLTLU[ZVM):4HPU[LUHUJLHUKYLPUZ[H[LTLU[^VYR^OLYLYLX\PYLKZOV\SKHSZV
meet the requirements of this standard and BS 7533-11.
2PSZHYHUZ[YVUNS`HK]PZL[OH[HSSWH]PUN^VYRZZOV\SKILJHYYPLKV\[I`HUL_WLYPLUJLKWH]PUN
JVU[YHJ[VY0[PZHZWLJPHSPZ[ZRPSSHUK[OLPU[LNYP[`HUKK\YHIPSP[`VM[OLJVTWSL[LKWH]PUNPZOPNOS`
KLWLUKLU[VUL_WLY[ZRPSSJHYLHUKH[[LU[PVUK\YPUNJVUZ[Y\J[PVUHUKPUZ[HSSH[PVU

98

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:LSLJ[PVUVM[OL(WWYVWYPH[L7H]PUN<UP[

1DUURZ-RLQWV
PP

6WDQGDUG-RLQW
PP

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PP

4VZ[[`WLZVMISVJRHUKHNWH]PUN^PSSOH]LHUPU[LNYH[LKZWHJLYUPI^OPJOPZWHY[VM[OLZPKLWYVSLVM[OL\UP[^OLU
manufactured. Spacer nibs are designed to give an even distance between each unit and allow for even and consistent
Z[YHPNO[SPULZ^OLUSH`PUNWH]PUN;OLZWHJLYUPIPUJVUQ\UJ[PVU^P[O[OLJOHTMLYKL[HPSP[WYV]PKLZHUL]LUQVPU[WYVSLHUK
WYV[LJ[Z[OL\UP[ZMYVTKHTHNLK\YPUNSH`PUNHUK[YHMJRPUN^OLUPU\ZL
,HJOWYVK\J[PU[OPZIYVJO\YLPZJSHZZPLKPU[LYTZVMQVPU[WYVSLHZZOV^UHIV]LHUKJVUZPKLYH[PVUZOV\SKILNP]LU[V[OL
TVZ[HWWYVWYPH[LQVPU[WYVSLMVY[OLZJOLTL
5HYYV^QVPU[ZZOV\SKILZLSLJ[LKMVYHYLHZ^OLYLSV^QVPU[THPU[LUHUJLPZKLZPYLK
LNPUKVVYHYLHZHUKZOVWWPUN[YVSSL`HYLHZ7YVK\J[Z^P[OUHYYV^QVPU[Z^PSS\Z\HSS`
OH]LUVPU[LNYHSZWHJLYUPIHUKUVJOHTMLYHUKT\Z[ILSHPK^P[OJHYLHUKH[[LU[PVU
[VZ[YPJ[Z\YMHJLYLN\SHYP[`[VSLYHUJLZ9LQVPU[PUNTH`UL]LYILYLX\PYLKK\YPUN
UVYTHSKLZPNUSPML;OPZ[`WLVMQVPU[WYVSL^PSSUV[ILZ\P[HISLMVYHU`[OPUNHIV]L
SPNO[S`[YHMJRLKHYLHZK\L[VWV[LU[PHSJOPWWPUNVMLKNLZVM\UP[Z
:[HUKHYK1VPU[WYVK\J[ZPZ[OLTVZ[JVTTVUS`\ZLK[`WLVMWH]PUNZ\P[HISLMVYHSS
SVJH[PVUZ[YHMJJH[LNVYPLZHUKZJOLTLZLZWLJPHSS`JVTTLYJPHSWYVQLJ[Z^OLYL
THPU[LUHUJL^PSSILSV^LY1VPU[PUN^PSSYLX\PYLPUZWLJ[PVUL]LY`TVU[OZ
UVYTHSS`HUKYLQVPU[WVZZPIS`L]LY``LHYZPUUVYTHS\ZL
4VZ[[`WLZVMHNWH]PUNPZZ\WWSPLK^P[OHZ[HUKHYKQVPU[WYVSLLN*SHZZPJ-SHNZ
5L^NYHUNLHUK:OLSIV\YUL-SHNYHUNLZ
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^P[O^PKLQVPU[ZHYLNLULYHSS`\ZLK^OLYLHUVSKLUSVVRHUKMLLSVMJVIISL[`WL
WH]PUNPZKLZPYLK5VYTHSS`[YHKP[PVUHSRPSUKYPLKQVPU[PUNZHUKPZUV[Z\P[LK[V^PKL
QVPU[ZHZL_WLYPLUJLOHZZOV^U[OH[^PUKHUKYHPUUH[\YHSS`YLTV]LZ[OLZHUKHSVUN
^P[OYV\[PUL^HZOPUNHUKJSLHUPUNVM[OLHYLH<Z\HSS`^PKLQVPU[WH]PUN^PSSYLX\PYLH
WVS`TLYPJZLSMOHYKLUPUNQVPU[PUNZHUKJVTWV\UKZ\JOHZ2PSZHYHU7LYTH1VPU[

1VPU[4HPU[LUHUJL

(SSQVPU[WYVSL\UP[Z^PSSYLX\PYLYV\[PULPUZWLJ[PVUHUKTHPU[LUHUJL^OLYLYLX\PYLKIV[OHM[LYPUP[PHSPUZ[HSSH[PVUHUKVUHU
VUNVPUNIHZPZ0[PZLZZLU[PHSMVYHSS[`WLZVMISVJRHUKHNWH]PUN[OH[QVPU[ZHYLTHPU[HPULKM\SSPUHSSHYLHZMVY[OLSPML[PTL
VM[OLWH]LTLU[;OLMYPJ[PVUHSPU[LYSVJRVMISVJRWH]PUNKLWLUKZVUQVPU[ZILPUNM\SSH[HSS[PTLZHUK[OPZHSZVWYL]LU[Z
water entering the laying course and sub base layers and causing more serious damage.
Newly jointed areas or areas which have had jointing material recently replaced will need to be inspected shortly after
jointing and topped up as some initial settlement of jointing materials will inevitably occur. After pressure washing or
JSLHUPUNWH]PUNP[PZSPRLS`[OH[QVPU[Z^PSSHSZVYLX\PYL[VWWPUN\W

99

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0[ZOV\SKILUV[LK[OH[IYPNO[LYJVSV\YZZ\JOHZZPS]LY

All Kilsaran paving products are produced to the highest

I\MMYLKL[JHSVUN^P[O[L_[\YLKUPZOLZ^PSSYLX\PYL

quality standards however it must be accepted by the

additional routine cleaning to maintain the colour and

customer that all paving products are subject to slight

UPZOVM[OLWH]LKZ\YMHJL5H[\YHSHUKJOHYJVHSJVSV\YZ

variations in colour tone and shade due to minor

lend themselves more to commercial projects where it is

variations in naturally occurring raw materials and

desired to have reduced cleaning and maintenance

manufacturing. The full and accurate quantity required for

routines. Silver and buff colours can be susceptible to

a project must be advised in advance to Kilsaran to

KPZJVSV\YH[PVUPM^LLKRPSSLYJOLTPJHS[YLH[TLU[ZVYY\Z[

include an allowance for any waste or extra material that

inadvertently come into contact with the surface.

may be required to allow us to supply from one

production batch. On site it is essential to lay from three

+\YPUNPUZ[HSSH[PVUNYLH[JHYLT\Z[IL[HRLULZWLJPHSS`

[VZP_WHJRZ^VYRPUNHS[LYUH[LS`[OYV\NOLHJOWHJRHUK

with brighter / lighter colours not to get dirt, laying course

layer to achieve an even blend on site. This is especially

materials or soil on the surface of paving. The correct

important for blended colour products.

colour of jointing material must also be selected for the

paving unit. See jointing section of this guide.

100

6OLS6NLG*XLGHOLQHV

;OLJ\YYLU[WYVK\J[Z[HUKHYKZMVYISVJRWH]PUNHUKHN

(SS2PSZHYHUWH]PUNWYVK\J[ZOH]L[OLPYZWLJPJZSPWZRPK

paving are BS EN 1338 / 1339 respectively. Section 5.3.5

test value quoted in the product technical & performance

VMIV[OZ[HUKHYKZKLHSZ^P[OZSPWZRPKYLZPZ[HUJLZ[H[LZ[OH[

data section on each product page. This is quoted as the

*VUJYL[LWH]PUNISVJRZOH]LZH[PZMHJ[VY`ZSPWZRPK

wet tested USRV (unpolished slip resistance value) rating

resistance provided that their whole upper surface has not

MVY[OLWYVK\J[4VZ[WYVK\J[Z^P[OHZ[HUKHYKUPZO^PSS

been ground and/or polished to produce a very smooth

have a minimum value of 60 or greater with the exception

Z\YMHJL,ZZLU[PHSS`[OPZTLHUZ[OLYLPZUV[HJ\YYLU[JSLHYS`

VMWYVK\J[Z^P[OHNYV\UKUPZO^OPJO^PSSOH]LH[`WPJHS

KLULKZ[HUKHYKMVY^OH[PZKLLTLKZSPWYLZPZ[HU[VYUV[

value in the range of 50 55.

-VYN\PKHUJLW\YWVZLZVUWYL]PV\ZZ[HUKHYKZWLJPJH[PVU

0MHZWLJPJZSPWZRPK]HS\LPZYLX\PYLKMVYHWYVQLJ[[OPZ

MVYZSPWZRPK]HS\LZ[OL[HISLILSV^MYVT[OLUV^

should can be discussed with a member of the Kilsaran

superceded BS product standards below illustrates the

technical team.

previous BS standard guidance in this area. A minimum

guidance value of 35 in pedestrian areas and 45 in
]LOPJ\SHY[YHMJRLKHYLHZPZHK]PZLK

6OLS6NLG3HQGXOXP
7HVWLQJ$SSDUDWXV

Table below based on BS 6717: 2001 (Table 5) and BS 7263-1:2001 (Table 9)

&ODVV

0HDQ6OLS6NLG5HVLVWDQFH9DOXH&6FDOH8QLWV

S1

No performance determined

S2



S3



S4

4HU\MHJ[\YLYZKLJSHYLK]HS\L

56;,-VYZWLJPHSHWWSPJH[PVUZLNHWWYVHJOLZ[V[YHMJSPNO[ZHOPNOLY]HS\LTH`ILHWWYVWYPH[L7H]PUNISVJRZVMJSHZZ:HYLZ\P[HISL
MVY\ZLPUWLKLZ[YPHUHYLHZHUKWH]PUNISVJRZVMJSHZZ:HYLZ\P[HISLMVY\ZLPU]LOPJ\SHYHYLHZ
56;,-VYZWLJPHSHWWSPJH[PVUZLNHWWYVHJOLZ[V[YHMJSPNO[ZHOPNOLY]HS\LTH`ILHWWYVWYPH[L

101